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Файл:Грамматика английского языка. Учебно-методическое пособие для студентов высших учебных заведений экономического профиля
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IV. Представьте, что компания Viola Beauty Company, в
которой вы работаете менеджером по персоналу, разместила объявление о наличии нескольких вакантных
должностей (см. объявление в задании III). Вам предстоит провести интервью с потенциальными кандидатами и нанять новых сотрудников. Составьте перечень вопросов, которые вы хотели бы им задать.
Например:
1. What has been your most valuable experience?
2. What are your long-ranged goals?
3. We have a lot of applicants for this job. Why should we appoint you?
V. Несколько дней спустя вы получили письма с просьбой о приёме на работу в компанию Viola Beauty Company. В парах, разыграйте собеседование при приёме на
работу.
151
Видовремен-
ная форма
9. СТРАДАТЕЛЬНЫЙ ЗАЛОГ
Действительный
залог
Страдательный
залог
Примеры
i
n
n
d
d
e
e
f
i
n
n
i
t
e
e
c
c
o
o
n
n
t
i
n
n
u
u
o
o
u
u
s
s
i
i
n
d
e
f
f
i
i
n
i
i
t
t
e
c
o
n
t
t
i
i
n
u
o
u
s
Present
Past
Future
Present
Past
Future
ask(s)
asked
will ask
am
is asking
are
was asking
were
will be asking
am
is asked
are
was asked
were
will be asked
am
is being asked
are
was being asked
were
─
English is always
spoken here. –
Здесь всегда говорят на английском
языке.
The contract was
signed in May. –
Контракт был подписан в мае.
The terms of payment will be negoti-
ated tomorrow. –
Условия платежа
будут обсуждаться
завтра.
The agenda is being
discussed now. –
Повестка дня сейчас обсуждается.
Costs were being
calculated all day
yesterday. – Затраты подсчитывались
вчера весь день.
152
m
m
p
e
e
c
m
o
d
a
s
p
e
r
f
e
c
t
o
d
a
l
s
p
e
r
r
f
f
e
c
t
t
o
d
a
l
l
s
Present
Past
Future
have asked
has
had asked
will have asked
can
may
must ask
have to
need to
have been asked
has
had been asked
will have been
asked
can
may
must be asked
have to
need to
The reservation has
been confirmed by
fax. – Предварительный заказ был
подтверждён по
факсу.
The goods had been
delivered by Friday. –
Товары были доставлены к пятнице.
The workers will
have been hired by
November 10. – Рабочие будут приняты на работу до
10 ноября.
The sales report
must be prepared in
time. – Отчёт о
продажах должен
быть подготовлен
вовремя.
I. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа:
1. The first stock exchange (was founded / has been founded) in
London in 1773.
2. Highly qualified specialists (are trained / are being trained) at
numerous schools of the Belarusian State University.
3. There was a notice on the board saying that the class (was can-
celled / had been cancelled).
4. New software (was installed / has been installed) on my PC yes-
terday.
5. Why (has he given / has he been given) a promotion?
153
6. Another date for the meeting (will be set / will being set) next week.
7. She (was appointed / appointed) Head of the Information Systems
Department two months ago.
8. At present our company (is being reorganized / is reorganizing).
9. I hope the documents (will be received / will have been received)
by tomorrow afternoon.
10. Further information can (be obtained / being obtained) from your
immediate superior.
11. Orders usually (are being processed / are processed) within five
business days.
12. Over that past two years I (have been involved / was involved) in
a number of challenging projects.
13. The new cell phones (will have been launched / will be launched)
in February.
14. Employees should (be treated / be treating) in a more respectful
manner.
15. Some additional clauses of the agreement currently (are negoti-
ated / are being negotiated).
II. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа:
1. The papers … by the Managing Director yet. He is on a business trip.
a. haven’t been signed c. haven’t signed
b. aren’t signed d. weren’t signed
2. The details of the deal … at the board meeting now.
a. are finalised c. have been finalised
b. are being finalised d. are finalising
3. A new government … to overcome the economic slump.
a. formed c. was formed
b. has formed d. have been formed
4. Promotional gifts … at the presentation.
a. is handed out c. has been handed out
b. will be handed out d. have handed out
5. A discount may … to make a consumer pay immediately.
a. have been offered c. will be offered
b. is offered d. be offered
154
6. The staff performance … twice a year.
a. is monitored c. has monitored
b. were monitored d. will monitored
7. The mail … yet.
a. hasn’t received c. wasn’t received
b. hadn’t been received d. hasn’t been received
8. To improve the effectiveness of marketing strategy a market …
into separate definable elements.
a. has split c. is split
b. splits d. has been split
9. This model is of a new design and only a few units … so far.
a. have been manufactured c. are manufactured
b. were manufactured d. had manufactured
10. The financial status of an enterprise … in its financial account.
a. is reflected c. is being reflected
b. has reflected d. was being reflected
11. The project … within the framework of the agreement.
a. will build c. will be built
b. will have been built d. are built
12. The talks … from 2 till 3 p.m. yesterday.
a. were being held c. had been held
b. were held d. have held
13. When an individual or a company borrows money from a bank,
the money must … back by a specific date.
a. to pay c. being paid
b. be paid d. have been paid
14. He told me not to worry as the letter … by 6 o’clock.
a. will have been sent c. will be sent
b. has been sent d. would have been sent
15. The contract was signed after the terms of payment and delivery … .
a. are discussed c. were discussed
b. have been discussed d. had been discussed
155
III. Прочитайте электронное письмо (слева), подтверждающее получение заказа. Затем заполните пропуски в
аналогичном письме справа, перефразируя содержание
первого письма с помощью глаголов в форме страдательного залога:
Thank you for your order for PCplus
software which we received this morning. Our fulfillment team is dealing
with your orde r, and we expect that we
will deliver the package to you within
10 working days. I have included our
current price list as an attachment.
Please note that we only guarantee these
prices until 31 December. Thank you
for choosing soft.com.
IV. Раскройте скобки, употребив глагол в соответствующей форме действительного или страдательного
залога:
Thank you for your order for
PCplus software which (1) … this
morning. Your order (2) … by our
fulfillment team and we expect that
the package (3) … to you within 10
working days. Our current price list
(4) … as an attachment. Please note
that these prices (5) … until 31 December. Thank you for choosing
soft.com.
1. An effective advertising campaign (need) to launch a new product
line.
2. The central office of this joint-stock corporation (locate) in
Minsk.
3. What Belarus (export)?
4. A small increase in our company’s profits (report) last year.
5. Credit cards (accept) in your shop?
6. By next year, everybody in the firm (give) a pay-rise.
7. The Board of Directors usually (elect) by stockholders.
8. Yesterday Mr. Higgins (tell) to arrive at the office at two o’clock
on the dot.
9. She (inform) about the results of the research as soon as it (finish)
next month.
10. The press release (issue) to all advertising agencies after the product (launch).
156
11. The division of a market into identifiable groups (describe) as
market segmentation.
12. We (spend) a lot of money on promotion campaign.
13. Delivering the goods by air is rather costly, but they (require) urgently.
14. The flight (delay) for two hours due to the accident threat.
15. At the moment his claims (examine) by the Chief Executive.
16. The employees should constantly (encourage) to display initiative.
17. Men often (advise) to wear shined dark shoes to an interview.
18. A personal file (keep) on every member of the staff from the moment they are taken on.
19. A deal-breaker is an important point that, if not agreed upon, will
mean that the contract (not sign).
20. Some manufacturers (accuse) of dumping – selling goods abroad
at a lower price than they (sell) domestically.
21. The talks (suspend) and no one knows when they (resume).
22. The office worker (dismiss) as he (steal) company property ever
since he (assign).
23. Real wages (rise) steadily since 2010 and (increase) by about
10% by late 2011.
24. It (report) yesterday that the sides (reach) an agreement on the
terms of the contract.
25. He (work) as a consultant for three different companies in the
same field of activity, but (fire) from the first two.
26. The agreement (annul) because one of the parties (fail) to meet
several key specifications.
27. Our estimate (base) on the request for proposal that we (receive)
from them on November 14
th
.
28. A ‘lag time’ refers to the time after one activity (finish) and be-
fore another one (start).
29. More and more companies (do) email marketing, although it still
(consider) a less sophisticated way to market a product or service.
30. Yesterday it (announce) that the company (charge) with making
deceptive claims in its advertising campaign.
157
V. Ответьте на следующие вопросы, используя указанные в скобках слова и употребляя глаголысказуемые в форме страдательного залога:
Например: When should we submit the report? (in two days)
The report should be submitted in two days.
1. Why did you spend so much time at the superior’s office? (point
out some mistakes)
2. How is it possible to know a man? (the company he keeps)
3. What do we request customers to refrain from? (smoking)
4. You are receiving foreign visitors tonight. How many people are
you waiting for? (seven people)
5. The boss was busy and Sally had to wait. How long had the boss
kept her waiting before she managed to see him? (forty minutes)
6. How much have the police fined you for illegal parking? ($100)
7. Are you going to do the work together with your colleagues?
(joint efforts)
8. Do they never say «no» to his suggestions? (object to)
9. How long were they holding the shareholders’ meeting yesterday?
(all day long)
10. Both parties have been discussing the terms of the contract for
two hours. When will they arrive at any agreement? (by midday)
VI. Ознакомьтесь с краткой заметкой о компании Nintendo. Затем составьте аналогичный рассказ об исто-
рии вашей компании.
When Nintendo was founded by Fusajiro Yamauchi in
1889, it manufactured Japanese playing cards. Other games
were launched in 1963. The first video games were brought
in at the end of 1970, and the first Game Boy was intro-
duced in the late 1980s. The products were constantly up-
graded and improved, and the Nintendo GameCube of
2001 was considered to be the fastest-selling hardware sys-
tem in the world.
158
10. СОГЛАСОВАНИЕ ВРЕМЕН.
КОСВЕННАЯ РЕЧЬ
Если глагол, вводящий косвенную речь, употреблён в одной
из форм прошедшего времени (Past Indefinite, Past Continuous),
то в придаточном предложении:
а) действует правило согласования времен:
Прямая речь Косвенная речь Примеры:
Present Indefinite → Past Indefinite I do → I did
Present Continuous → Past Continuous I am doing → I was doing
Present Perfect → Past Perfect I have done → I had done
Present Perfect Continuous → Past Perfect
Continuous
Past Indefinite → Past Perfect I did → I had done
Past Continuous → Past Perfect Continuous
Past Perfect → Past Perfect I had done → I had done
Future Indefinite → Future-in-the-Past I will do → I would do
Модальные глаголы
I have been doing → I had
been doing
I was doing → I had been
doing
I can do → I could do
I may do → I might do
I have to do → I had to do
б) меняются указательные местоимения и наречия места и
времени:
here → there yesterday → the day before, the previous day
this → that last night → the night before, the previous
night
these → those two days ago → two days before
now → then tomorrow → the next day, the following day
today → that day next week → the next week, the following
week
tonight → that night in a month → a month later
159
Повелительное наклонение в косвенной речи:
Команда, просьба в косвенной речи обычно выражается ин-
финитивным оборотом:
– He said to me, “Back up the file!” → He told me to back up the
file.
– They told us, “Don’t put up the prices.” → They told us not to put
up the prices.
– She said, “Let’s check the goods thoroughly before accepting
them.” → She suggested checking the goods thoroughly before
accepting them.
Повествовательные предложения в косвенной речи:
Повествовательное предложение в косвенной речи обычно
преобразуется в придаточное предложение, введенное союзом
that:
– The secretary said, “I reserved the room at the hotel yesterday.” →
The secretary said that she had reserved the room at the hotel the
day before.
Вопросительные предложения в
косвенной речи:
Обратите внимание, что в косвенном вопросе, в отличие от
прямого вопроса, не происходит инверсии, то есть порядок слов
такой же, как в обычном повествовательном предложении (сказуемое следует за подлежащим):
– She asked me, “Where are you going
asked me where I was going
(косвенный вопрос).
?” (прямой вопрос) → She
Общий вопрос в косвенной речи вводится союзами if и
whether:
– The sales manager asked, “Has the date of the next meeting been
fixed yet?” → The sales manager asked if the date of the next
meeting had been fixed already.
Специальный вопрос вводится тем же вопросительным сло-
вом, что и соответствующий прямой вопрос:
– The Deputy Director asked, “When are you going to sign the con-
tract, Mr. President?” → The Deputy Director asked the Presi-
dent when he was going to sign the contract.
160
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