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Файл:Грамматика английского языка. Учебно-методическое пособие для студентов высших учебных заведений экономического профиля
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II. Переведите на английский язык слова и выражения,
данные в скобках. Обратите внимание на видовременные формы фразовых глаголов:
1. I (жду с нетерпением) to seeing you again.
2. It’s vital to (быть в курсе) with developments in information
technology.
3. Mr. Hertzberg has (ушёл с поста) as vice-president.
4. They’ve decided to (отложить) the meeting until next week.
5. Could you (подождать) for a few moments while I consult with
my colleague?
6. The advertising agency is trying to (придумать) a new slogan.
7. She wants more responsibility and has (подала заявление) for
promotion.
8. Before I make any decision I’ll need to (обсудить) it with my
boss.
9. He’s opened a new bank account and wants to (сделать сбере-
жения) for a new car.
10. Sales should (выровняться) now after reaching 50,000 units last
year.
11. Did you (выяснить) why they hadn’t paid the invoice?
12. You need to (заполнить) this customs declaration.
13. Can I (вернуться) to what you were saying a few moments ago?
14. In the current economic climate we’re trying to (сдерживать)
our costs as much as possible.
15. He proposed a new product line to the Board but they
(отклонили) the idea.
ПРЕДЛОГИ: ОБОБЩЕНИЕ
I. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа:
1. You can have the goods for four weeks (from / about / on) ap-
proval.
2. People have a need (in / of / for) power, status and respect.
3. Oil and gas prices went up (in / since / on) January.
111
4. When things change so fast one cannot see (ahead / behind / in
front of) very far.
5. We had a discussion (of / to / on) what we could do to overcome
our major competitors.
6. The magic cure (for / of / off) inflation does not exist.
7. The shop’s best bargains were displayed (in / at / on) the window
as bait.
8. If the firm doesn’t make a profit, the owners will probably sell it
(out / off / over).
9. When I opened the envelope, I was delighted to find a cheque (for /
on / of) £500.
10. You’ll receive half of the payment (on / in / at) advance and the
rest will be given when the work is completed.
11. Shopkeepers have been asked to bring their prices (down / in /
about).
12. She said that I had made good progress and had had no difficulty
(in / for / with) achieving my goals.
13. It’s for you to decide where to work after graduating (off / – /
from) the university.
14. You are often offered a discount if you buy (on / in / at) bulk.
15. When you are a distributor, you are entitled to purchase all the
products (at / in / by) cost.
16. There are some differences (among / between / under) British and
American English.
17. Two weeks in the office should be enough to break the newcomer
(in / down / on).
18. We must bring the rest of the committee (into / forward / around)
to our point of view.
19. If prices continue to rise, we shall have to draw (in / back / up)
our spending even further.
20. The Board meeting was supposed to start (on / at / by) 8.30 but it
didn’t begin (in / at / on) time.
21. It took me a long time to find a job. (At / On / In) the end I got a
job of the office manager (of / in / with) a limited liability company.
22. The industrial output (at / on / into) the factory was seriously af-
fected (for / at / during) the strike.
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23. Several of your clients are (on / in / with) arrears (at / about / on)
their payments.
24. (On / At / By) the price charged (on / for / from) the goods the
quantity demanded exceeded the quantity supplied.
25. One of the advantages (of / in / over) the increase (by / in / of) the
money supply is that output keeps pace with demand.
26. There is no probability (of / in / for) being appointed chief engi-
neer (in / at / on) our plant.
27. I don’t want to wait (for / of / –) an answer. Can’t you give me a
decision (on / at / in) the spot?
28. Commerce is concerned (with / to / by) the distribution (of / at /
on) commodities of all kinds.
29. Having been sent abroad to pay (to / for / off) imports these pre-
cious metals were (in / of / on) short supply.
30. Attendance (into / at / on) the meeting is (with / by / under) invita-
tion only.
31. The mission of our company is to provide you (with / – / of) a
quality product (on / at / by) an affordable price.
32. We request payment (in / by / with) cash for all orders (below /
under / from) $100.
33. Perhaps we could go over the minutes (at / to / for) the benefit of
the members who were away (in / at / on) the last meeting.
34. There being little time (at / on / in) our disposal we had to carry
(forward / out / over) the test without the Buyer’s control.
35. (By / On / At) closer inspection the money turned (up / out / over)
to be counterfeit.
36. Without planning, departments might be working at cross pur-
poses, preventing the organization (on / against / from) moving
efficiently (toward / from / out of) its objectives.
37. He is not really qualified (on / for / to) the job he has applied (on /
for / to).
38. To find its own way (on / of / for) economic development was (in /
of / with) prime importance for the country.
39. The term ‘money’ refers (for / to / about) the means (of / on / at)
exchange and measuring people’s labour.
113
40. We were caught (out / – / over) a few weeks ago when our main
competitor suddenly lowered the prices of their products (on / to /
by) 15 %.
41. John Keynes, an English economist, was one of the first to argue
that it was the special duty (for / of / with) the government to influence (on / – / to) the economy through fiscal policies.
42. When the company began to try and cut back (on / – / to) expenses it
was a straw in the wind as to what would happen (at / in / on) the
future.
43. Having studied the balance sheet, I concluded (out of / by / from)
the figures that the firm was (in / on / at) serious financial difficulties.
44. This uncertainty about oil prices could interfere (on / to / with)
our plans (to / for / into) expansion.
45. I object (to / – / against) having to pay a handling charge (over /
for / to) the freight forwarder.
46. Recently we worked out a unique system for filling (off / over /
out) our expenses (at / on / in) work.
47. Small businesses often grow (out of / from / into) large ones add-
ing (to / on / for) the economic vitality of the nation.
48. In the field (on / of / in) high-technology electrical goods, the Ko-
reans are rapidly catching (out of / up with / forward to) the Japanese.
49. Marketing is the art of finding (in / – / out) what people want and
then manufacturing it (with / to / for) them.
50. The responsibility (for / off / of) partners is restricted (by / with /
to) the amount of capital invested (to / for / in) the business.
51. We set (about / aside / up) preparing the office (to / for / on) the
move (for / in / to) a bigger building.
52. We are forwarding all the items (on / in / at) the list (by / in / on)
accordance (with / of / by) your request.
53. Product placement is the practice of a company paying (to / for /
off) its product to be placed (on / in / off) a prominent position (in /
on / at) a film or television programme as a form of advertising.
114
54. The directors have had you marked out as worthy (to / by / of)
consideration (for / about / into) a better position (at / on / in) the
firm.
55. Retailers frequently purchase goods (at / from / with) wholesalers
(by / on / in) credit, the most common period being (during / for /
since) one month.
56. (With / Under / By) reference to your letter (at / on / of) 10 Febru-
ary, we are unable to offer (to / – / for) you an alternative delivery
date.
57. Sorry to inform you that the description (on / of / for) the goods
(in / at / on) your invoice differs (against / from / out of) that (in /
at / on) the Letter of Credit.
58. I’m looking forward (for / to / –) receiving your shipment and
thank you (from / on / in) advance (– / for / on) your prompt delivery.
59. If you are interested (by / in / on) your account balance or recent
transactions, you can access this information via the Internet, (on /
over / by) phone or (at / off / on) your local bank.
60. When the stock of money increases, people have more money to
spend, and demand (of / in / for) goods and services goes (down /
up / above).
II. Прочитайте текст о достоинствах и недостатках
Интернет-банков и заполните пропуски подходящими
по смыслу предлогами там, где это необходимо:
If you’re looking (1) … an alternative (2) … the traditional bank,
then Internet banking may be a solution.
PROS: The main advantage (3) … Internet banks is that they have
lower charges (4) … their services because they have no need (5) …
buildings or a branch network. (6) … the whole, they also offer slightly better rates (7) … savers. After getting set up, a further benefit (8)
… Internet banks is that you can have access (9) … you money 24
hours (10) … a day and can make payments or transfer funds (11) …
your convenience.
115
CONS: Some customers worry (12) … the potential lack (13) …
security of dealing (14) … money online, but the banks have worked
hard to find solutions (15) … security problems. Internet banks do not
offer the facilities to meet a bank manager (16) … person, and paying
(17) … cheques still has to be done (18) … post. Some banks also
suffer (19) … a lack (20) … cash machines.
III. Расскажите о своей работе, ответив на следующие
вопросы. Используйте выделенные слова:
1. When was your company set up?
2. What are you responsible for in your job?
3. Who do you report to?
4. Are you usually on time or are you sometimes late for work?
5. What are you good at?
6. What other jobs in the company would you carry out?
7. What sort of salary would you be satisfied with?
8. Do you get your wages in cash or by cheque?
9. Why are you interested in being promoted?
10. How do you get on with your colleagues?
116
8. ВИДОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ФОРМЫ ГЛАГОЛА
СПОСОБЫ ВЫРАЖЕНИЯ НАСТОЯЩЕГО ВРЕМЕНИ
PRESENT INDEFINITE
Настоящее неопределённое
Действие происходит постоянно, регулярно, обычно.
Обстоятельства времени: often, always, usually, normally,
generally, seldom, rarely, frequently, sometimes, occasionally,
never, as a rule, every day, once a week.
Утвердительная
форма
I
We work
You
They
He
She works
It
Отрицательная
форма
I
We do not work
You
They
He
She does not work
It
Вопросительная
форма
I
Do we work?
you
they
he
Does she work?
it
– When she gets to the office, she always checks her e-mail first. –
Когда она приезжает в офис, она всегда сначала проверяет
электронную почту.
– We sell our products into many markets. – Мы продаём наши
товары на многих рынках.
– Our company employs over 5000 people. – В нашей компании
работает более 5000 человек.
117
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Настоящее длительное
Действие происходит в момент речи или в настоящий период времени.
Обстоятельства времени: now, just now, still, at this moment,
at present, these days, today, nowadays.
Утвердительная
форма
I am working I am not working Am I working?
He
She is working
It
We
You are working
They
Отрицательная
форма
He
She is not working
It
We
You are not working
They
Вопросительная
форма
he
Is she working?
it
we
Are you working?
they
– “What are you doing?” “I am looking for a file”. – “Что ты де-
лаешь?” “Я ищу файл.”
Present Continuous также используется:
9 для обозначения действия, которое происходит в настоящий
период времени, но не в момент разговора: We are waiting for
permission to go ahead with the project. – Мы ждём разрешения
на осуществление этого проекта.
9 для обозначения изменяющейся ситуации: The number of
people using the Internet is growing. – Количество людей,
пользующихся Интернетом, растёт.
9 для выражения временного действия: They are staying at the
Plaza Hotel until the end of the week. – Они проживают в отеле
Плаза до конца недели.
9 для обозначения слишком часто повторяющегося действия,
которое вызывает недовольство, раздражение: My new
assistant is always complaining! – Мой новый помощник вечно
жалуется!
118
Глаголы, не употребляющиеся в Continuous:
9 чувственного восприятия: feel*, look*, notice, observe,
(over)hear, see*, smell*, sound, taste* (кроме listen, watch);
9 умственной деятельности: advise, believe, consider, doubt,
forget, guess, hope, imagine, insist, know, mean, not mind, prom-
ise, realize, recognize, recommend, regret, remember, require,
seem, suggest, suppose, suspect, think*, understand, wonder;
9 чувств: admire, adore, astonish, concern, despise, detest, dislike,
envy, hate, impress, like, love, surprise;
9 желания: desire, lack, need, please, prefer, satisfy, want, wish;
9 принадлежности: be*, belong, consist, contain, depend, have*,
include, involve, keep, owe, own, possess;
9 некоторые другие: agree, apologize, appear, cost, deserve,
equal, exist, fit, forgive, last, look like, matter, reach, refuse, re-
main, resemble, stop, suit, survive.
∗ Данные глаголы могут употребляться либо не употребляться в
Continuous в зависимости от их значения:
− I feel that we are given too much work (полагать). He is feeling
unwell now (чувствовать себя).
− You look nice (выглядеть). What are you looking for (искать)?
− I see a mistake in your report (видеть). I am seeing the client at
11 a.m. (встречаться).
− This coffee tastes bitter (иметь вкус). She is tasting the pudding
(пробовать).
− What do you think of his proposal (считать, иметь мнение)?
What are you thinking about (размышлять, обдумывать)?
− I have a lot of things to do (иметь). Mr. Brown is having lunch
(breakfast, dinner, supper, a rest, a smoke, a cold, a good time)
now.
− Mr Terry is always honest (постоянное качество). He is being
very quiet today. Is anything wrong (временное поведение)?
119
PRESENT PERFECT
Настоящее совершённое
Действие завершилось до какого-то момента времени в настоящем и имеет видимый результат.
Обстоятельства времени: ever, never, always, already, just,
yet, still, of late, lately, recently, before, so far, just now, up to
now, today, this week, once, three times, in the last few weeks, for
2 hours, since morning.
Утвердительная
форма
I
We have known
You
They
He
She has worked
It
Отрицательная
форма
I
We have not known
You
They
He
She has not worked
It
Вопросительная
форма
I
Have we known?
you
they
he
Has she worked?
it
– The government has just announced an increase in corporation
tax. – Правительство только что объявило о повышении нало-
га на прибыль корпорации.
– It is the first time he has made a presentation himself. – Это в
первый раз, когда он сделал презентацию самостоятельно.
– Mr. Thomson has been vice-president for three years. – Мистер
Томсон был вице-президентом в течение трёх лет.
Present Perfect также используется:
– в конструкции Present Perfect since Past Indefinite: He has
had the same job since he came here in 2001
. – Он работает на
одном и том же месте с тех пор, как пришёл сюда в 2001 году.
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Настоящее совершённо-длительное
Действие началось в определённый момент времени в прошлом, длилось в течение определённого периода и всё ещё про-
должается в настоящем (или только что завершилось и имеет видимый результат).
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