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Файл:Грамматика английского языка. Учебно-методическое пособие для студентов высших учебных заведений экономического профиля
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2. I can work from home so I … to go to the office very often.
a. needn’t b. mustn’t c. oughtn’t d. don’t have
3. When the sales representatives arrived he was the only employee
in the office, so he … show the visitors around.
a. was to b. should c. must d. might
4. An effective manager … keep the staff motivated, especially
when things look black.
a. may b. must c. need d. ought
5. You … to keep an account of all your expenses.
a. should b. had better c. must d. ought
6. I … have phoned the sales engineer at 11 sharp but it totally
slipped my mind.
a. could b. might c. should d. was to
7. … I move on to the next point on the agenda now?
a. Will b. Shall c. Can d. Would
8. He sold his shares at their peak, so he … have made a lot of mon-
ey.
a. can b. may c. should d. must
9. I am going to an interview tomorrow. I … prepare all the neces-
sary documents right now.
a. had better b. ought c. may d. have
10. If you open a bank account in the Bahamas, you … pay income
tax.
a. may not b. must not c. won’t have to d. cannot
11. This information … have been given to the tax authorities two
years ago.
a. could b. might c. must d. should
12. I … remind the boss to get in touch with the logistics manager.
a. must b. may c. need d. have to
13. Because he was from the European Union, he … get a visa to visit
Britain.
a. didn’t have b. needn’t c. couldn’t d. wasn’t
14. We … wear a uniform at work, it’s not our choice.
a. have to b. must c. may d. should
15. You … sign the document until you have read it through.
a. may not b. should not c. must not d. had better not
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16. The President … to visit Venezuela next month.
a. ought b. is c. may d. has
17. Our previous chairman … always begin the annual general meet-
ing with a joke.
a. could b. should c. would d. will
18. The Financial Director … check that the company was financially
sound.
a. is to b. had to c. should d. need to
19. Unauthorized personnel … pass this point.
a. cannot b. is not c. must not d. needn’t
20. Unless you comply with our requirements, we … be compelled to
initiate legal proceedings.
a. must b. have to c. are to d. will
III. Заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу модальными глаголами или их эквивалентами:
1. A firm is said to be insolvent when it … not fulfil its commit-
ments.
2. I’m sure they … be conversant with our products as they are sold
all over Europe.
3. As the payment wasn’t made in due time, they … to dissolve the
agreement.
4. If a company needs to raise a lot of money, it … issue shares.
5. By using the multimedia projector the speaker … to communicate
the information quite clearly.
6. I’m afraid I’ll be late tonight. I … to fetch the guests from the station.
7. The associate director … to have carried on the negotiations with
the sales agents but he didn’t.
8. … I go through the minutes of the last meeting first?
9. The customer … to notify the supplier of any defects within five
days.
10. Unfortunately today we … not interview every applicant for this
position.
11. The company … be forced to make a number of employees re-
dundant in the coming months but the situation … improve in the
longer term.
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12. Managers … strive for two-way communication with their subor-
dinates.
13. Everyone in the Research and Development department … be
working very long hours at the moment.
14. Mr. Brook … to preside over the shareholders’ meeting yesterday.
15. We … not have rushed to the airport as the plane was late.
16. Twenty years ago you … not buy a computer as cheaply as you …
now.
17. When you retire early, you … receive a compensating payment
from your employer.
18. Any decisions made … be consistent with the company’s overall
strategy.
19. If you don’t sign the new contract, we … to move you to another
post.
20. Ms Petty wasn’t at the meeting – she … have been delayed at the
airport.
21. It was a mistake to get rid of those shares. You … not have sold
them.
22. If a country has a floating currency, importers … keep changing
the prices of their goods.
23. Mr. Golden is on holiday in Spain – you … not have seen him this
morning.
24. Every company … watch its cash flow carefully if it … to avoid
bankruptcy.
25. Before Mr. Wellington, our bookkeeper, … become a CPA, he …
to meet a number of requirements.
IV. Тест «Насколько вы обязательны?» Что бы вы сказали или сделали в каждой из предложенных ситуаций?
Выберите наиболее подходящий вам вариант ответа:
1. You want to lose ten pounds, but you just ate a large dish of ice
cream.
a. I shouldn’t have eaten the ice cream. I have no willpower.
b. I deserve to enjoy things once in a while. I’ll do better tomorrow.
2. Your daughter quit her job. Now she’s unemployed.
a. Maybe she was really unhappy at work. It’s better that she left.
b. She shouldn’t have quit until she found another job.
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3. You had an appointment with your doctor. You arrived on time but
had to wait more than an hour.
a. My doctor should have scheduled better. My time is valuable, too.
b. Maybe there was an emergency. I’m sure it’s not my doctor’s fault.
4. You bought a coat for $140. A day later you saw it at another store
for just $100.
a. That was really bad luck.
b. I should have looked around before I bought the coat.
5. Your brother didn’t send you a birthday card.
a. He could have at least called. He only cares about himself.
b. Maybe he forgot. He’s really been busy lately.
6. You just got back an English test. Your grade was 60 percent.
a. That was a really difficult test.
b. I should have studied harder.
7. You just found out that an electrician overcharged you.
a. I should have known that was too much money.
b. How could I have known? I’m not an expert.
8. You forgot to do some household chores that you had promised to
do. Now the person you live with is angry.
a. I shouldn’t have forgotten. I’m irresponsible.
b. I’m only human. I make mistakes.
9. You got a ticket for driving five miles per hour above the speed
limit.
a. I ought to have obeyed the speed limit.
b. The police officer might have overlooked it and not given me
the ticket. It was only five miles over the speed limit.
10. You went to the movies but couldn’t get a ticket because it was
sold out.
a. I should have gone earlier.
b. Wow! This movie is really popular!
Добавьте себе по одному баллу за каждый из таких же
ответов:
1. a
2. b
Подсчитайте свои баллы. Чем выше ваш результат,
тем более обязательным человеком вы являетесь.
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3. a
4. b
5. a
6. b
7. a
8. a
9. a
10. а
V. Заполните пропуски модальным глаголом, в соответствии со значением, указанным в скобках:
1. I was so unhappy that I … think of anything else. (отсутствие
способности)
2. You … leave your things unattended. (совет)
3. Do you think the situation … change? (предположение, неуве-
ренность)
4. … I give you a hand with the luggage? (предложение)
5. You … have been more careful. (упрёк)
6. … you help me with these figures, please? (вежливая просьба)
7. All the payments … be made before the goods are dispatched.
(долженствование)
8. The shareholders’ meeting … start at 10 sharp tomorrow. (запла-
нированное действие)
9. … he be still working out the business plan? (удивление)
10. Nothing is so bad but it … have been worse. (предположение,
неуверенность)
11. “… I get down to discussion right now, sir? (просьба)” “Sure,
you … .” (разрешение)
12. As the payment wasn’t made in due course, they … break the or-
der. (необходимость в силу обстоятельств)
13. “How did they manage to do well last month?” “They … have
increased productivity.” (предположение, вероятность)
14. He … finish the project in time. (возможность)
15. You … take a taxi if you want to catch the next train. (настойчи-
вый совет)
16. I … go to the bank yesterday as I had enough money on me. (от-
сутствие необходимости)
17. He … have made such a mistake in calculations! (сомнение)
18. Students … talk at the lectures, they … listen to attentively. (за-
прет, долженствование)
19. Since the new boss took us over we … change our working me-
thods. (необходимость в силу обстоятельств)
20. The consignment was sent a week ago. It … have been received
already. (предположение, вероятность)
215
VI. Просмотрите заметки, которые сделал начальник
отдела кадров, чтобы объяснить устав предприятия
новым сотрудникам в их первый рабочий день. Затем
заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу модальными глаголами:
Necessary: sign letter about working hours, leave building during
fire drill.
Not necessary: send holiday form to personnel immediately.
Permitted: volunteer to work extra hours, take three weeks’ holi-
day, smoke outside building.
Prohibited: make staff work long hours, take all holiday time to-
gether.
Good idea: speak to head of department about excessive hours,
give notice to head of dept. about holidays, read fire notices.
Bad idea: block fire exit.
“Um. Excuse me. Good morning. Er, good morning. I’ve called
you to this meeting to explain to you all some of the basic health and
safety rules that we have here. Um, first of all, working hours: it’s not
our company policy to make staff work excessive hours – it makes
people unproductive and can endanger health. Um, managers (1) …
make any of their staff work more than an average of 48 hours per
week, although anyone (2) … volunteer to work more than these
hours, but they (3) … sign a letter from the company to say that they
want to do this. Any member of staff who is worried that they are
working too many hours (4) … speak to their head of department
about it.
Um, all employees (5) … take a minimum of three weeks’ paid
holiday per year, but you (6) … take all this holiday off in one block.
Staff (7) … give their head of department as much notice as possible
about their holidays, although they (8) … send their holiday form off
to personnel until a few weeks before they go.
Next, er, fire drills. We have a fire drill about once a month –
don’t ignore it. You (9) … leave the building immediately that you
hear the bell, and of course you (10) … block the fire exits. Fire no-
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tices are posted throughout the building. Employees (11) … read these notices regularly. In the case of a real fire, don’t panic and follow
the fire procedures.
And lastly, for you smokers, I’m afraid that smoking is not permitted anywhere inside the building, although you (12) … smoke just
outside the front door.
I think that covers everything. Does anyone have any questions?”
VII. Представьте, что ваш друг собирается устроиться на работу в вашей компании. Расскажите ему, что
принято и что запрещено в вашем коллективе, дайте
несколько советов о том, как лучше выглядеть, как
вести себя на собеседовании и т. д.
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ИТОГОВЫЕ КОНТРОЛЬНЫЕ ТЕСТЫ
ТЕСТ 1
1. Large amounts of money … on the advertising campaign.
a. was spent c. have spent
b. were spent d. spent
2. The management … refused to agree to our request for a … pay
rise.
a. has; six percent c. have; six-percents
b. is; six percents d. are; six-percents’
3. The … oil reserves were discussed at the international confer-
ence.
a. worlds c. world’s
b. world d. worlds’
4. The … chief source of revenue has been the income tax.
a. federal government’s c. federal’s government’s
b. federal government d. federal’s government
5. In … early 1990s, once mighty companies … as Sears, General
Motors, and IBM fell into … predicaments.
a. the; such; – c. the; –; the
b. –; so; – d. –; like; the
6. I am not prepared to discuss … present state of … affairs.
a. –; – c. –; the
b. the; the d. the; –
7. … ‘marketing mix’ is often referred to as … four Ps, and … mar-
keting people have … job of matching these things to … needs of
… consumers.
a. –; –; –; the; the; – c. The; the; –; the; the; –
b. A; –; –; a; –; the d. The; the; the; a; –; the
218
8. The complaints division is to deal with … consumer complaints
coming to … company.
a. whole; its c. no; their
b. any; our d. some; ours
9. … been monkeying with my papers again, … ?
a. Everybody have; hasn’t it c. Anybody has; don’t they
b. Somebody has; haven’t they d. Nobody was; was he
10. … firms have a distinctive corporate image, … do not.
a. All; another c. Many; the others
b. Most; other d. Some; others
11. The concept of opportunity cost is … important because it’s a
measure of … you sacrifice to attain a given objective.
a. vitally; everything c. vital; something
b. vital; all d. vitally; whole
12. The CEO is the … ranking officer of the company.
a. highly c. highest
b. higher d. most highly
13. If you have any … questions, please phone the above number.
a. father c. farther
b. further d. far
14. Online retailers with thirty employees have to offer exactly …
service … trading companies with turnover in billions of euros.
a. as; as c. the same; like
b. the same; as d. similar; like
15. Now the policy of the Government will perhaps be seen … than at
any time since it took power.
a. open c. opener
b. more open d. more openly
16. I’m afraid we can’t meet the deadline … we arranged earlier.
a. as c. how
b. like d. since
17. The report notes that … lawyers entering the profession are wom-
en.
a. forty per cent of c. fourty per cent
b. forty per cents of d. fourty of per cents
219
18. Hurricane demolished more than … homes.
a. a half million c. a half of a million
b. half a million d. half of a million
19. … he is a good supervisor he is unable to fill the shoes of those
who came before him.
a. In spite of c. Although
b. Besides d. Because
20. It is the worst of times, … I am without an idea for a new work.
a. until c. for
b. unless d. due to
21. … there is a fire, we keep our computer backup files in a fireproof
safe.
a. If c. As long as
b. Till d. In case
22. The matter is still … discussion.
a. over c. under
b. out of d. against
23. There has been a sharp rise … the cost of living in the past few
years.
a. on c. at
b. in d. with
24. The opposition is calling … a general election.
a. back c. over
b. away d. for
25. We would like to thank you … informing us of our accounting
error in your letter … the 15 February.
a. on; on c. –; at
b. for; of d. about; –
26. The company still … a loss in spite of a slight improvement in
sales.
a. makes c. has made
b. is making d. will making
27. Market research … you information about … people want, need
and buy.
a. give; which c. is giving; that
b. gives; what d. gave; whom
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