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Файл:Грамматика английского языка. Учебно-методическое пособие для студентов высших учебных заведений экономического профиля
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9 Если глагол в главном предложении употреблён в форме на-
стоящего или будущего времени: They say that we will receive
the confirmation next week. – Они говорят, что мы получим
подтверждение на следующей неделе. Could you tell me where
their head office is situated? – Скажите, пожалуйста, где нахо-
дится их главный офис?
9 Если сказуемое придаточного предложения выражено мо-
дальными глаголами must, should, ought и инфинитивом: He
told us that he should leave immediately. – Он
сказал нам, что
должен уезжать немедленно.
9 Если сказуемое придаточного предложения выражает обще-
известный факт: The professor explained that demand is the
amount of a commodity that consumers are willing and able to
purchase at a specified price. – Профессор объяснил, что спрос –
это количество товара, которое потребители хотят и готовы
купить по определённой цене. We learnt that Minsk was first
mentioned in the chronicles in 1067. – Мы узнали, что Минск
впервые упоминался в хрониках в 1067 году.
9 В придаточном предложении времени, если оно употреблено
в одной из форм прошедшего времени: He said the car had
broken down while he was driving to work. – Он сказал, что его
машина сломалась, когда он ехал на работу.
9 В определительном придаточном предложении, а также в
придаточных предложениях причины и сравнения: The state-
ment that our rivals went bankrupt proved to be true. – Утвер-
ждение, что наши конкуренты обанкротились, оказалось вер-
ным. He was not able to translate the article because he does not
know English well enough. –
Он не смог перевести эту статью,
потому что он не знает английский язык достаточно хорошо.
He was once stronger than he is now. – Он когда-то был сильнее, чем сейчас.
I. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа:
1. The shop assistant told us (do not touch / not to touch) any of the
items on display.
161
2. Melvin promised (to pay / paying) back his debt as soon as possible.
3. He wondered what (he should do / should he do) to set the situa-
tion right.
4. Mr. Ferrow suggested (talking / that he would talk) to the CEO in
person.
5. The personnel officer informed the staffers that they (will be given /
would be given) a few days off.
6. We found out that the new trainee (was promoted / had been
promoted) over the heads of several of his seniors.
7. Mr. Martin denied that he (had taken / took) any money from the
company.
8. The Marketing Director inquired when the launch campaign of
the new product (is going / was going) to take place.
9. The teacher explained that the elements of the marketing mix (fo-
cused / focus) on the consumer.
10. The secretary asked her boss what time (was he leaving / he was
leaving) for the airport.
11. We notified the bank that we (changed / had changed) our legal
address.
12. Brenda’s informed me that she (will be stepping / would step)
down in the wake of the scandal.
13. We learnt that modern economics (had been born / was born) in
the 19
th
century.
14. The current law states that an employee (has / had) the right to
appeal against dismissal.
15. A consumer research study found that price (was / is) the most
important consideration when buying a cell phone.
II. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа:
1. Katherine’s told me she … for a better job at the moment.
a. was looking c. looked
b. looks d. is looking
2. Last year’s financial statement indicates that it … a very profitable year for the company.
a. is c. has been
b. was d. had been
162
3. The financial adviser convinced the Board that the new project …
a success.
a. will be c. would be
b. is going to be d. was
4. The suppliers said that they already … us the duplicate invoice.
a. had sent c. would send
b. have sent d. were sending
5. He warned me … my shares yet.
a. do not sell c. to sell
b. about selling d. not to sell
6. She said she … sorry about the delay and she … with it right then.
a. was; will deal c. is; will deal
b. was; would deal d. is; would deal
7. The takeover you … about now was announced yesterday.
a. were talking c. are talking
b. talked d. have been talking
8. The correspondent asked the Returning Officer … on the election
results.
a. to comment c. commented
b. don’t comment d. would comment
9. I want to know … new staff for the summer.
a. would they be employing c. will they be employing
b. if they would be employing d. if they will be employing
10. The manager threatened … the clerk if he didn’t change his attitude to work.
a. that he will dismiss c. to dismiss
b. dismissing d. that he dismissed
11. The Managing Director said at the meeting that he … a joint venture … the best way to break into the foreign market.
a. thinks; was c. thought; is
b. thinks; is d. thought; was
12. We learnt that a market … an arrangement through which people
… for the purpose of buying and selling merchandise.
a. is; meet c. is; met
b. was; met d. was; meet
163
13. The bank ordered the company … its activity until a thorough
inspection … .
a. suspend; is completed c. suspending; completes
b. to suspend; was completed d. not to suspend; completed
14. My personal assistant informed me that Ms Sullivan … while I …
out.
a. phoned; was c. was phoning; had been
b. had phoned; had been d. had phoned; was
15. The Purchasing Director wanted to know how much … .
a. the new equipment costed c. the new equipment cost
b. did the new equipment cost d. does the new equipment cost
III. Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной речи:
1. We asked the corporate management, “When are you planning to
set up a subsidiary?”
2. The suppliers threatened us, “We’ll sue you if you cancel the
agreement.”
3. He said, “The company carries out a lot of research to make sure
that the commercial will appeal to the target audience.”
4. The director-general asked Miss Benson’s immediate boss,
“Could you tell Miss Benson that she has been made redundant?”
5. The book said, “Supply is the amount of a commodity that producers are willing and able to offer for sale at a specified price.”
6. The Chief Accountant said to the employees, “You’ll be given a
10% salary increase next month.”
7. The Vice President announced, “We’re not going to compromise
with our rivals.”
8. The customs officer asked Mr. Vito, “Do you have anything to
declare?”
9. She said, “I met Mr. Luis while I was attending Seattle World’s
Fair.”
10. They cautioned me, “Don’t make a statement before you’ve consulted the lawyer.”
164
IV. Прочитайте отрывок из доклада о роли менеджеров
высшего уровня, который прозвучал на одной из международных конференций. Передайте его содержание в
косвенной речи:
Jack Welch, one of the most famous CEOs of all times, was head
of General Electric Company for twenty years. But he was an exception. In fact, two-thirds of all major companies worldwide have replaced their CEO over the last five years. What’s the reason? The reason is that expectations of CEO performance are far too high. Boards
of companies look at their CEO as a kind of superhero who can solve
all the company’s problems. This process started in the 1980s, and the
prototype was Lee Iacocca, “the man who saved Chrysler Corp”.
Then in the 1990s, we had CEOs from the technology sector, like Microsoft’s Bill Gates, or Cisco’s John Chambers, who managed to produce constantly rising share prices. But the situation is very different
now and economic growth is slowing down.
V. Представьте, что агент по подбору управленческого персонала пригласил вас на ужин вчера вечером.
Сейчас ваш коллега спрашивает вас, о чём вы беседовали. Ответьте на его вопросы, употребляя косвенную речь.
1. Why was he headhunting you?
2. What questions did he ask you?
3. What personal details did you give him about yourself?
4. What did you tell him about the company?
5. What did you say your responsibilities were?
6. What did you tell him about the salary you would need?
7. What did he tell you about the new company?
8. What did he tell you about the new job?
9. How much did he promise to pay you?
10. So in the end what did you say to him?
11. When did he ask you to give him the final answer?
12. What do you think you are going to tell him?
165
11. ТИПЫ УСЛОВНЫХ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЙ.
УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЕ ГЛАГОЛЬНЫХ ФОРМ
ДЛЯ ВЫРАЖЕНИЯ НЕРЕАЛЬНЫХ ДЕЙСТВИЙ
ТИПЫ УСЛОВНЫХ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЙ
Тип
Реальное
условие и
следствие
- Unless you work more efficiently, you will be fired. – Если вы не
I
будете работать более эффективно, вас уволят.
Придаточное
предложение
Present Indefinite /
Continuous
Главное
предложение
Future Indefinite,
Present Indefinite,
повелительное на-
клонение
- If you order in bulk, you usually get a discount. – Если вы зака-
зываете товары оптом, вы обычно получаете скидку.
- If you change your mind, give me a ring. – Если вы измените
своё решение, позвоните мне.
Нереальное дей-
ствие, относящее-
ся к настоящему
или к будущему
II
- If I were you, I would not trust him. – Если бы я был на вашем
месте, я бы ему не доверял.
Past Indefinite /
Continuous
Future-in-the-Past
(would / could / might +V)
- If we hired a factoring agency, we could recover our debts more
quickly. – Если бы мы наняли факторинговую компанию, мы могли бы взыскать долги быстрее.
Нереальное дей-
III
ствие, относящее-
ся к прошлому
Past Perfect /
Perfect Continuous
Future-Perfect-in-the-
Past
(would / could / might
+ have + V3)
166
- If the price had been lower, I would have bought some stocks. –
Если бы цена была ниже, я купил бы несколько акций.
- The presentation might have been better if she had felt more
confident. – Презентация могла бы быть лучше, если бы она чувствовала себя более уверенно.
Past Perfect Future-in- the-Past
Смешанный тип
Past Indefinite
Future-Perfect-in-the-
Past
- If you had prepared everything beforehand, we wouldn’t be wait-
ing for you now. – Если бы вы подготовили всё заранее, нам не
пришлось бы вас ждать сейчас.
- If John were more competent, he could have been promoted long
ago. – Если бы Джон был более компетентным, его могли бы уже
давно повысить.
Употребление глагольных форм для
выражения нереальных действий:
1. После глагола wish хотелось бы, а также после выражения
If only если бы только, в придаточном предложении исполь-
зуется:
a. Past Indefinite / Continuous для обозначения настоящего
времени: I wish (If only) I knew where he is. – Я бы хотела
знать, где он сейчас. = Жаль, что я не знаю, где он сейчас. I wish I were you. – Хотелось бы мне быть на вашем
. = Жаль, что я не на вашем месте.
месте
б. Past Perfect для обозначения прошедшего времени: I wish
(If only) I had not phoned him yesterday. – Я бы хотел, чтобы я ему не звонил вчера. = Жаль, что я ему позвонил
вчера. I wish I could have helped you. – Если бы только я
мог вам помочь.
в. Would с инфинитивом для обозначения будущего вре-
мени: I wish (If only) they would come tomorrow. –
хотелось, чтобы они приехали завтра. = Жаль, что они не
приедут завтра.
Кроме того, wish … would … используется для выражения
недовольства, когда говорящий хочет, чтобы в будущем про-
Мне бы
167
изошли какие-то изменения, хотя это и маловероятно: I wish
(If only) it would stop raining. – Если бы только дождь прекра-
тился. I wish you would not keep interrupting me. – Хотелось
бы, чтобы вы меня не перебивали.
Однако нельзя использовать would, если подлежащие главного и придаточного предложений совпадают: I wish I did
(= could do) it tomorrow. – Мне бы хотелось сделать это завтра.
2. После союзов as if, as though
как будто бы, в придаточном
предложении используется:
a. Past Indefinite для обозначения настоящего и будущего
времени: He has been treated as if he were a criminal. –
К нему относились так, как будто он преступник.
б. Past Perfect для обозначения прошедшего времени: He
looks as though he had been working without respite. – Он
выглядит так, как будто бы он работал без передышки.
3. Если в главном предложении содержатся прилагательные
имеющие значение просьбы, побуждения, пожелания (It is
necessary / important / essential / desirable / better / recommended и др.), то в придаточном предложении используется
глагол с should или инфинитив без частицы to: It is necessary that the goods (should) be delivered on time. – Необходимо,
чтобы товары были доставлены в срок.
4. Если сказуемое главного предложения выражено глаголами,
выражающими приказание, предложение, решимость, договорённость (advise, agree, arrange, ask, command, decide,
demand, determine, insist, order, recommend, request,
require, suggest, propose и др.), то в придаточном предложе-
нии используется глагол с should или инфинитив без части-
цы to: He suggested that I (should) take a leave. – Он предло-
жил, чтобы я взяла отпуск.
,
I. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа:
1. If I were on the Board of this company, I (will argue / would argue) against the merger.
2. I hope that if I (do / will do) my best, they will give me a permanent contract after a few months.
168
3. If a firm doesn’t advertise, it (would lose / loses) its market share.
4. If you (were / had been) in his shoes, what would you do?
5. I wish you (attended / had attended) the meeting yesterday.
6. If you (granted / would grant) us a 20% trade discount, we’d
make firm orders in advance for one year.
7. For a second she hesitated as if she (were taking / had been tak-
ing) the last chance to refuse.
8. If we (anticipated / had anticipated) the financial collapse, we
wouldn’t have lost so much money.
9. She (wouldn’t have missed / wouldn’t miss) the deadline if she
weren’t so disorganized.
10. I wish our partners (wouldn’t infringe / hadn’t infringed) terms of
contracts from now on.
11. It is requested that each staff member (contribute / contributes)
five dollars to charity.
12. But for the delay in delivery we (would not have / will not have)
to pay damages.
13. If you’ve lost your plastic card you (can reapply / could reapply)
to the bank for a new one.
14. If they (had contacted / contacted) us earlier, we could have set
up a meeting.
15. The job demands that all the employees (should be / are) in good
physical condition.
II. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа:
1. We exchange goods only if you … a receipt.
a. will produce c. produce
b. produced d. would produce
2. I wish I … a senior staff member so that I can use the car park.
a. am c. had been
b. were d. would be
3. I’ll have to send them a reminder unless they … the invoice in
due time.
a. pay c. won’t pay
b. will pay d. don’t pay
169
4. But for the poor advertising campaign their sales … considerably.
a. would increase c. had increased
b. would have increased d. will increase
5. If he … in time, he would have taken all necessary measures.
a. were warned c. is warned
b. had warned d. had been warned
6. They wish they … the job to an external candidate. Now they regret about it.
a. wouldn’t give c. hadn’t given
b. didn’t give d. haven’t given
7. If the quality of the product hadn’t been so bad, we … .
a. hadn’t complained c. wouldn’t have complained
b. wouldn’t complain d. didn’t complain
8. There are so many similar models on the market now. If only we
… our version earlier.
a. launched c. have launched
b. would launch d. had launched
9. If he … so willing and energetic, he would have never got the position of the Managing Director.
a. weren’t c. isn’t
b. hadn’t been d. won’t be
10. His face did not express anything as though he … at all at hearing
the news.
a. didn’t be surprised c. were not surprised
b. wouldn’t be surprised d. had not been surprised
11. If you … goods on the Internet, they always … you an e-mail confirmation.
a. ordered; will send c. had ordered; would have sent
b. order; send d. ordered; would send
12. The bank … you money to set up a company unless you … some
kind of business plan.
a. won’t lend; had c. won’t lend; have
b. wouldn’t lend; didn’t have d. will lend; don’t have
13. If you … sales by over 15%, the company … you a performance
bonus.
a. increase; will paid c. would increase; paid
b. increased; would pay d. had increased; will pay
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