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Файл:Грамматика английского языка. Учебно-методическое пособие для студентов высших учебных заведений экономического профиля
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Герундиальный оборот
Герундиальный оборот состоит из существительного или местоимения в притяжательном падеже и герундия и обозначает,
что действие, выраженное герундием, выполняет существительное или местоимение: Do you mind opening the window? – Вы не
возражаете против того, чтобы открыть окно? Do you mind my
opening the window? – Вы не возражаете, если я открою окно?
Глаголы, после которых может использоваться
как инфинитив, так и герундий
Глаголы Случаи употребления Примеры
Don’t forget to lock the safe. –
Не забудь запереть сейф.
remember,
forget,
regret
инфинитив
герундий
одновременное действие
предшествующее действие
We regret to inform you that
you are fired. – C сожалени-
ем сообщаем вам, что вы
уволены.
I remember locking the safe. –
Я помню, что запер сейф.
They regretted firing him. –
Они пожалели, что уволили
его.
prefer
в значении
«хотеть»
инфинитив
герундий при сравнении
would prefer
rather than
Do you prefer to wait a little?
– Не хотите ли немного подождать?
I would prefer to see you in
private. – Я бы предпочёл
встретиться с вами лично.
I prefer to drive rather than go
by train. – Я предпочитаю
вести машину, чем ехать на
поезде.
He prefers working on his own
(to working in a team). – Он
предпочитает работать один
(а не в команде).
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stop
р
инфинитив
герундий
остановиться,
чтобы выполнить действие
прекратить
выполнять
действие
He stopped to greet his colleague. – Он остановился,
чтобы поздороваться с коллегой.
We stopped dealing with this
bank. – Мы перестали поль-
зоваться услугами этого
банка.
need,
want,
require,
deserve
try
advise,
allow,
consider,
encourage,
forbid,
permit,
recommend
инфинитив
герундий
инфинитив
герундий
инфинитив
герундий
активное
значение
пассивное значение
сделать попытку, приложить усилия
(часто безуспешно)
пробовать,
экспериментировать
при наличии
дополнения
в форме страдательного
залога
при отсутствии
дополнения
He needs to work harder. –
Ему нужно работать усерднее.
Our website needs
redesigning. – Нашему сайту
требуется изменение дизайна.
We are trying to increase our
turnover. – Мы пытаемся
увеличить товарооборот.
Why don’t you try talking to
him? – Почему вы не попро-
буете поговорить с ним?
He doesn’t allow anyone to
smoke in his office. – Он ни-
кому не разрешает ку
его офисе.
It isn’t allowed to smoke in the
office. – Курение в офисе
запрещено.
He doesn’t allow smoking in
his office. – Он не разрешает
курить в его офисе.
ить в
192
used to
f
инфинитив
в значении
«бывало»,
«раньше»
We used to send publicity material with the goods. – Рань-
ше мы высылали рекламные
материалы вместе с товаром.
be / become
/ get used
to
be sorry
be busy
begin,
start,
continue,
intend,
bother,
can’t stand
герундий
инфинитив
герундий
инфинитив
герундий
инфинитив
= герундий
инфинитив
в значении
«привыкать»
одновременное действие
предшествующее действие
быть занятым
для выполнения другого
действия
быть занятым
чем-нибудь
с глаголами
understand,
know, realize
I am not used to being lied to.
– Я не привык, что мне лгут.
I’m sorry to call so late. – Из-
вините, что звоню так поздно.
He was sorry for hurting her
eelings. – Он сожалел, что
ранил её чувства.
She’s too busy to see you. –
Она слишком занята, чтобы
встретиться с вами.
He is busy putting his affairs
in order. – Он занимается
приведением своих дел в
порядок.
John intends selling / to sell a
house. – Джон собирается
продать дом.
I started to understand why he
acted as he did. – Я начал
понимать, почему он ведёт
себя таким образом.
I. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа:
1. The customers suggested … the consignment without delay.
a. shipping c. being shipped
b. shipped d. having shipped
2. I don’t think this work needs … .
a. being corrected c. correcting
b. to be correcting d. having been corrected
193
3. On … home I began to work at my report.
a. having come c. being come
b. coming d. having coming
4. She insisted on the documents … at once.
a. signing c. to be signed
b. having been signed d. being signed
5. Mr. Lynich is in charge … all the web graphics.
a. to create c. of being created
b. creating d. of creating
6. Susie denied … the office keys to anyone else.
a. having given c. to have given
b. to give d. giving
7. The problem is not worth … .
a. discussing c. to discuss
b. being discussed d. to be discussed
8. I enjoy … for them because they encourage original, distinctive
work.
a. to work c. being worked
b. working d. having worked
9. After … the contract the delegation returned to their country.
a. being concluded c. concluding
b. having concluded d. having been concluded
10. When I am giving a presentation, I don’t mind … questions.
a. being asked c. asking
b. to be asked d. to ask
11. Dismissal is the act of terminating employment or the condition
of … by the employer.
a. dismissing c. having dismissed
b. being dismissed d. having been dismissed
12. There is a possibility … real property at a reasonable price.
a. to acquiring c. acquiring
b. to acquire d. of acquiring
13. He mentioned … venture capital for some small innovative com-
pany.
a. providing c. to provide
b. having provided d. to have provided
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14. It is impossible to live on such a low salary without … your ac-
count at the bank.
a. having overdrawing c. being overdrawing
b. overdrawing d. overdrawn
15. You’d better come back later. Mr. Bradbury dislikes … when
he’s in a meeting.
a. to interrupt c. being interrupted
b. interrupting d. be interrupted
II. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа:
1. There’s no need (hiring / to hire) a chief marketing officer.
2. (To start / Starting) a business is hard work.
3. You forgot (to include / including) employee benefits in your cal-
culation.
4. You can’t keep (to take / taking) everything for granted.
5. I tried (to get / getting) in touch with you last week but I think you
were away.
6. We look forward to (receiving / receive) your reply.
7. The secretary advised me (not to speak / against speaking) to the
boss right now.
8. I would very much like (meeting / to meet) with you to discuss the
deal in detail.
9. When I threatened (resigning / to resign), they offered me a high-
er salary.
10. An aggressive investor is more likely to risk (to lose / losing)
money in order to get better results.
11. I am sure that if you stop (to think / thinking) about our offer you
will agree that the price is quite reasonable.
12. Keep (working / to work) on him to try (to change / changing) his
mind.
13. We’re committed to (providing / provide) our clients with the best
possible service.
14. He found it very difficult (to get / getting) work because he was
unemployed, and soon regretted (to resign / resigning) from his
previous job.
15. I’m sorry (to spoil / for spoiling) your plans last weekend. ~
That’s OK. I was sorry (to hear / hearing) you weren’t feeling
very well.
195
III. Раскройте скобки, употребив глагол в форме герундия или инфинитива:
1. Re-positioning involves (change) the identity of a product.
2. We can’t afford (miss) this opportunity.
3. Tomorrow I am to be at work at 8 a.m. but I’m not used to (get)
up so early.
4. If we don’t make up our mind rather quickly, we run the risk of
(lose) the whole contract.
5. I’d like (make) a suggestion. Why don’t we try (find) a new dis-
tributor?
6. Your money could (be put) to good use as an alternative to (be
left) idle at home.
7. The politician has been under a cloud over the possibility of
(take) bribes.
8. The firms are not interested in (employ) people over fifty years
old.
9. We guarantee (deliver) the goods by the end of December.
10. I’m in a difficult position. What do you advise me (do)?
11. May I suggest (postpone) the meeting until next week?
12. He failed (comprehend) the seriousness of the problem.
13. The Chairman is skilful at (avoid) (answer) awkward questions.
14. Don’t waste your time trying (convince) him. He has already de-
cided (hire) another agency.
15. Some of my responsibilities include (help) customers and (deal)
with emergency situations.
16. Could you stop (talk) for a moment? I need (concentrate) on these
papers.
17. She risks (lose) everything if she follows his advice. It is not
worth (take).
18. I’ve considered (ask) him (raise) my salary but I don’t think he
can afford (do) it.
19. In this case, it would be wiser (focus) on existing customers, in-
stead of (try) (acquire) new ones.
20. Let her (do) it herself. She is considered (be) a careful researcher
and can’t stand (be helped).
196
НЕЛИЧНЫЕ ФОРМЫ ГЛАГОЛА: ОБОБЩЕНИЕ
I. Раскройте скобки, употребив глагол в соответствующей форме инфинитива, причастия или герундия:
1. She felt tired because she wasn’t used (work) so hard.
2. It is necessary for the company (make) some employees redun-
dant.
3. Would you mind (run) through the details once more?
4. The manager seems (get) impatient with the interviewee.
5. I heard him (discuss) something with our manager.
6. It will take a lot of time for the two parties (come) to an agreement.
7. The letter (send) on Friday didn’t reach the addressee.
8. When (travel) from country to country on business or leisure,
people have to convert one currency to another.
9. Why did you change your decision? What made you (change)
your mind?
10. James believes (offer) a promotion in two months.
11. I’m in a difficult position. What do you advise me (do)?
12. We felt (disappoint) at the results of the marketing research.
13. I tried to persuade him, but he refused (listen) to me.
14. He admitted (make) a serious mistake.
15. This question is too difficult (settle) without further consultations.
16. You’d better (hurry) up or you’ll be late for the meeting.
17. They were seen (enter) their office at 10 p.m.
18. Make a careful assessment of all pros and cons before (take) a
decision.
19. They managed (launch) the product at the beginning of July.
20. The cargo is likely (deliver) with a two-week delay.
21. His explanation was rather (confuse). We didn’t understand any-
thing.
22. There was nothing to do but (wait).
23. It’s up to the accountant (interpret) various financial statements.
24. Due to our disability (get) certain supplies, we lost the order.
25. She looked at the certificate of origin (check) where the goods
were produced.
197
26. She disapproved of Ms Newtown (engage) as her personal assistant.
27. Our profits are up this year, so I expect (give) a pay rise.
28. (Analyze) all the data I was able to make a decision.
29. I’ve looked everywhere, but the file appears (misplace).
30. They are said (work) at the pilot project for two months.
31. We are looking forward (see) you again and (discuss) our plans.
32. He was made (sign) a paper (admit) his guilt.
33. People (involve) in management spend a great deal of their time
(work).
34. It’s important (create) a favourable impression when (meet) clients.
35. The credit rating (give) to a customer will depend on the time s/he
takes (pay) for the goods.
36. We regret (inform) you that we are unable (supply) the items you
ordered, as we are completely out of stock.
37. A clerk is an employee responsible for (carry) out general office
duties, (fill) in forms and (keep) records.
38. (Be) an energetic and competent manager, Mr. Collins initiated
several new projects since (join) the company.
39. We try (stay) competitive by (invest) heavily in advertising and
promotion.
40. A receptionist is a person (employ) in an office (receive) clients
or guests, tell them how (get) to the right office, answer the tele-
phone, and arrange appointments.
41. Before (ask) a bank manager for money, it is wise (show) him a
business plan.
42. A mark-up is the amount (add) to the cost of a commodity (pro-
vide) the seller with a profit and (cover
) expenses.
43. Performance appraisals help (assure) that (promise) staff are not
overlooked for promotion.
44. The market has reached saturation point so we need (concentrate)
on (develop) new products.
45. Advertisers examine each newspaper’s circulation figures before
(decide) where (place) their advertisements.
46. A manufacturer may hold stock of (finish) goods with the purpose
of (improve) the delivery time to customers.
47. It’s for you (decide) where (work) after (graduate) from the uni-
versity.
198
48. A firm can encourage their customers (pay) more promptly by
(increase) cash discounts.
49. They proposed (minimize) the effect of redundancy by (rely) on
natural wastage.
50. The Board of Directors is a committee (appoint) or (elect) by
shareholders (sit) in council for the management or direction of
some public or private business.
II. Ознакомьтесь с рекомендациями психологов о том,
как лучше готовиться к экзаменам. Употребите глаголы в скобках в соответствующей неличной форме:
(1) (Study) for an exam is different from (2) (try) (3) (remember)
someone’s name. Here are some tips:
– Group information by dates, people, or places. It may help (4)
(make) a chart.
– Color code. (5) (Use) colored pens helps many people (6) (retain)
new information.
– Use different senses. Try (7) (learn) new information by (8)
(read), (9) (write), (10) (speak), and (11) (listen). Some people
need (12) (use) two or more senses.
– Get into the habit of (13) (repeat) things aloud.
– Remember (14) (review) frequently. It’s important (15) (go over)
information again and again.
– It’s easy (16) (forget) what you don’t want (17) (remember).
– Study immediately before (18) (go) to sleep. In this case you’re
likely (19) (memorize) a lot more.
– Never rely on someone else’s memory. Learn (20) (trust) your own.
Согласны ли вы со всеми предложенными рекомендациями? Дополните данный перечень своими собственными советами.
III. Дополните письмо-жалобу, употребив глаголы в
скобках в соответствующей неличной форме:
Dear Audio World,
I am writing to complain about the poor service that I received when I
was in your store last week. Recently you decided (1) (remove) listen-
199
ing facilities in your stores, and your sales staff encouraged customers
(2) (take) home their choice of CDs without (3) (hear) them first. You
invited us (4) (return) any CDs that we did not like, as long as we
kept the receipt as proof of purchase. In my opinion this was an excellent policy as it allowed customers (5) (risk) (6) (buy) things that were
a little different.
A consequence of your policy is that customers will buy more CDs,
and this means (7) (return) more that they don’t like. In fact last week
I brought back eight CDs, from the fourteen I had bought on the previous visit. Your salesman refused (8) (accept) such a large number,
and accused me of (9) (take) the CDs home just (10) (copy) them. I
strongly objected to (11) (be) treated like this as I had remembered
(12) (bring) the receipts with me and my actions were within the
terms of your guarantee.
I can’t help (13) (think) that you will lose a lot of business if your
staff go on (14) (behave) in this way, and I advise you (15) (train)
your staff (16) (deal) with customers in a more polite manner.
Yours sincerely,
Ian Carr
Представьте, что вы работаете в отделе рекламаций. Вы получили жалобу от потребителя относительно качества обслуживания в вашем магазине. Напишите ответ на данное письмо.
IV. Закончите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на употребление неличных форм глагола:
1. I’ll never forget …
2. At the moment I’m considering …
3. We were unhappy with the service they had provided, so we re-
fused …
4. When I was 16, I decided …
5. The company is taking on a lot of new staff and is planning …
6. I enjoy my work, but I wouldn’t mind …
7. The meeting had gone on for two hours already, so we stopped …
8. The conference organizers have invited me …
9. If I moved to another town, I would miss …
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