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Файл:Грамматика английского языка. Учебно-методическое пособие для студентов высших учебных заведений экономического профиля
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6. The rent at Aquabell is … than at the other two places.
7. The rent at Minsk-City is … the rent at Aquabell.
8. Minsk-City is … the closest to the city centre.
9. In terms of access to the centre, Aquabell is … as convenient as
XXI century.
10. You’d have to travel … further to get to Aquabell.
VII. Дополните предложения, используя выделенные слова:
1. In some countries men and women are paid the same.
as In some countries women … men.
2. Few credit cards are accepted as widely as Visa.
the Visa … credit card.
3. My father is spending less time at the office now that he’s nearing
retirement.
so My father is … at the office now that he’s nearing re-
tirement.
4. Unfortunately we couldn’t find a better solution in the time avail-
able.
best Unfortunately it … we could find in the time available.
5. She is extremely disrespectful to her colleagues.
way She behaves … to her colleagues.
6. The other members of the team are more experienced than Romy.
least Romy … the other members of the team.
7. I expected the meeting to last longer.
as The meeting didn’t last … I expected.
8. Helen had twice as much work as Janet.
half Janet had … Helen.
9. As prices increase, the cost of living becomes more expensive.
the The … the cost of living becomes.
10. Retail banking isn’t as profitable as investment banking.
more Investment banking … retail banking.
VIII. Сравните Беларусь и две другие страны, которые
вы хорошо знаете. Напишите как минимум 6 предложений.
Или сравните товар, который вы хорошо знаете, и два
подобных товара других производителей. Напишите
как минимум 6 предложений.
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5. ИМЯ ЧИСЛИТЕЛЬНОЕ
По своему значению числительные делятся на:
¾ количественные – указывают на количество предметов и
употребляются как прилагательные перед существительными
без артикля или притяжательного или указательного местоимения: forty-seven participants, five thousand dollars;
¾ порядковые – указывают на порядок предметов при счёте,
как правило, употребляются с определённым артиклем the:
the third sentence, но: a second time, a third party.
Количественные числительные
Числи-
тельные
Количественные
сколько?
Порядковые
какой? который?
0 nought, zero, oh
1 one first
2 two second
3 three third
4 four fourth
5 five fifth
6 six sixth
7 seven seventh
8 eight eighth
9 nine ninth
10 ten tenth
11 eleven eleventh
12 twelve twelfth
13 thirteen thirteenth
14 fourteen fourteenth
15 fifteen fifteenth
16 sixteen sixteenth
17 seventeen seventeenth
18 eighteen eighteenth
19 nineteen nineteenth
20 twenty twentieth
62
21 twenty-one twenty-first
22 twenty-two twenty-second
30 thirty thirtieth
33 thirty-three thirty-third
40 forty fortieth
44 forty-four forty-fourth
50 fifty fiftieth
55 fifty-five fifty-fifth
60 sixty sixtieth
66 sixty-six sixty-sixth
70 seventy seventieth
77 seventy-seven seventy-seventh
80 eighty eightieth
88 eighty-eight eighty-eighth
90 ninety ninetieth
99 ninety-nine ninety-ninth
100 a (one) hundred one hundredth
2,000 two thousand two thousandth
3,000,000 three million three millionth
Правила чтения сложных числительных
В составных числительных в пределах каждых трех разрядов
перед десятками (а если их нет, то перед единицами) ставится
союз and:
- 713 words – seven hundred and thirteen words
- 1201 books – one thousand, two hundred and one books
- 1600 tons – one thousand six hundred tons; sixteen hundred tons
- 44,040 euros – forty-four thousand and forty euros
- 100,000 kilometres – one hundred thousand kilometres
- 560,127 miles – five hundred and sixty thousand, one hundred
and twenty-seven miles
- 2,035,349 dollars – two million, thirty-five thousand, three hun-
dred and forty-nine dollars
- 303,000,000 people – three hundred and three million people
- 101
- 3242
st
day – one hundred and first day
nd
visitor – three thousand, two hundred and forty-second
visitor
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Примечания:
9 Перед существительными с артиклем, притяжательным или
указательным местоимением, а также перед личными местоимениями и существительными в притяжательном падеже
количественные числительные употребляются с предлогом
of: three of his associates, two of Jack’s friends, one of us.
9 Числительные в качестве определения при существительном
могут употребляться после артиклей, притяжательных и указательных местоимений: his three books, the four of them.
9 Числительные dozen, ten, score, gross, hundred, thousand, mil-
lion, billion в
в единственном числе: three
dollars, a few
составе сложного числительного употребляются
hundred metres, twenty-five billion
thousand cars, several dozen people, a couple of
hundred years. Форма множественного числа этих числитель-
ных встречается в выражениях, указывающих на неопределенное количество, в этом случае после числительного употребляется предлог of: dozens of books, (two) millions of people,
some
hundreds of acres, many thousands of miles.
9 После существительного используется не порядковое, а ко-
личественное числительное: Book Three – книга третья. Исключения составляют числительные после собственных имён
царей, королей и т.п.: Elizabeth the Second – Елизавета Вто-
рая.
9 В английском языке в отличие от русского количественные
числительные используются для обозначения:
– номеров домов, квартир, комнат: Oxford Street 62;
–
номеров трамваев, троллейбусов, автобусов, маршрутов
самолётов: Bus 7, Flight Number 59;
– размеров обуви и предметов одежды: size forty shoes;
– номеров упражнений, страниц, параграфов, глав, томов
книг: lesson 2, page 30;
– номеров телефонов: 222-01-55 (two-two-two-o-one-double five).
– На письме количественные числительные обозначаются
цифрами, стоящими после определяемого слова, опреде-
ляемое существительное в этом случае употребляется без
артикля: World War II (World War Two = the Second World
War).
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Употребление числительных для обозначения хроно-
логических дат
19(th) October, 2012 (British); October 19(th), 2012 (Ameri-
Даты
Годы
Десяти-
летия
can) – the nineteenth of October, twenty twelve; October the
nineteenth, twenty twelve
1500 BC (Before Christ) – fifteen hundred BC; one thousand
five hundred BC
1500 AD (Anno Domini) – fifteen hundred AD; one thousand
five hundred AD
1900 – nineteen hundred
1906 – nineteen oh six; nineteen hundred and six
1983 – nineteen eighty-three; nineteen hundred and eighty-
three
2000 – the year two thousand; twenty hundred
2007 – two thousand (and) seven; twenty oh seven; twenty
hundred and seven
2010 – two thousand (and) ten; twenty ten
2011 – twenty eleven
the 1960s – the (nineteen) sixties
the 2000s – the noughties
the 2010s – two thousand and tens; twenty tens
Примечания:
9 Слово year после обозначения года не употребляется, но ино-
гда ставится перед ним в сочетании с предлогом in: Queen
Victoria died in the year 1901.
9 Числительные thirties, fifties, nineties и т.д. употребляются для
обозначения десятка: 80s = eighties – числа от восьмидесяти
до восьмидесяти девяти; девятый десяток (возраст от восьмидесяти до восьмидесяти девяти лет): He was in his fifties.
Но:
He is over (under) fifty. В сочетании с артиклем the числитель-
ные обозначают десятилетия: the 1960s = the (nineteen) sixties –
шестидесятые годы.
65
Дробные числительные
1
/2 ton – a (one) half of a ton
1
/3 mile – a (one) third of a mile
2
/3 students – two thirds of the students
1
/4 year – a (one) quarter of a year
3
/4 hour – three quarters / fourths of an hour
1
/2 months – one and a half months; one (a) month and a half
1
1
/5 tons – two and a fifth tons; two tons and a fifth
2
1
/4 miles – three and a quarter miles; three miles and a quarter
3
11
/
– eleven sixteenths
16
265
/
– two hundred and sixty-five over four hundred and forty-four
444
Десятичные дроби
0.1 dollar – nought (zero, oh) point one of a dollar
0.01 litre – nought point nought one of a litre
2.35 kilometres – two point three five kilometres
32.306 tons – thirty-two point three nought six tons
Примечание:
- 3.6 kilometres is about 2 miles (расстояние).
- 8.5 pounds was the entrance fee (сумма денег).
- Four-fifths of the report was devoted to the recent innovations.
- Three-quarters of the workers are to upgrade their professional
qualifications.
Простые дроби
Проценты
0.2% = 0.2 per cent = 0.2 p.c. – nought point two per cent (= nought
point two of one per cent)
½ % = ½ per cent = ½ p.c. – a half per cent (= a half of one per cent)
2% = 2 per cent = 2 p.c. – two per cent
∗ 50 per cent of the machinery
∗ 20 per cent of our employees
has to be replaced.
have a Bachelor’s degree.
∗ The percentage of profitability is rather low.
66
Арифметика
6 + 4 = 10
6 – 4 = 2 six minus four is / equals two
6 x 4 = 24
4 ÷ 2 = 2 four divided by two is / equals two
2x + 3y – z = 3z ÷ 4x
42 four squared
73 seven cubed
84 eight to the power of four
√9 the (square) root of nine
Меры веса, длины, объёма и площади
1 ounce (oz) = 28.35 grams (g)
16 ounces = 1 pound (lb) = 0.45 kilogram (kg)
2.2 pounds = 1 kilogram
14 pounds = 1 stone = 6.350 kilograms
1 tonne (metric ton) = 2,204.6 pounds = 1000 kilograms
1 ton (UK) = 2240 pounds = 1016 kilograms
1 ton (US) = 2000 pounds = 907 kilograms
1 inch (in) = 25.4 millimetres (mm)
12 inches = 1 foot (ft) = 0.3 metre (m)
3 feet = 1 yard (yd) = 0.9 metre
1.76 yards = 1 mile (m) = 1.6 kilometres (km)
5 miles = 8 kilometres
1 pint (pt) = 0.568 litre (lt) (UK) = 0.473 litre (US)
8 pints = 1 gallon (gal) = 4.546 litres (UK) = 3.785 litres (US)
1 acre (ac) = 4.84 square yards = 4047 square metres = 0.4 hectares (ha)
1 square mile = 640 acres = 259 hectares
six and four is ten
six plus four equals ten
six fours is twenty-four
six times four is twenty-four
six multiplied by four equals twenty-four
two x plus three y minus z equals three z divided by four x
Вес
Длина
Объём
Площадь
67
I. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа:
1. Half of my earnings (go / goes) in public utilities payment.
2. The company is going to employ a few (dozen / dozens of) people.
3. She is leaving by (– / the) two twenty-five train.
4. Mr. Hubert resigned from the chairmanship when he was well
over (seventy / seventies).
5. We had a friendly talk between (the two / two) of us.
6. All flights to Rome depart from (the Terminal Four / Terminal
Four).
7. Community, social and personal services rank (second / the se-
cond) among the service industries in the UK.
8. (The Fifth / Five) Amendment to the Constitution was under
steady reactionary fire.
9. The document should also be signed by a (third / three) person.
10. He graduated from the University in (the year / year) 2007.
11. Our office is on the (twelveth / twelfth) floor.
12. See (table 4 / the 4
th
table) for reference and some general exam-
ples.
13. I make six (hundred / hundreds) dollars a month.
14. Christmas Day always falls on (twenty five / the twenty-fifth) of
December.
15. If you want to call a fire brigade, phone (zero and one / oh one).
II. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа:
1. There … thirty-one … in January.
a. is; day c. are; days
b. are; day d. is; days
2. The organisation is looking for volunteers to complete a …
course next month.
a. three months c. three-months
b. three-month d. three-month’s
3. Go to … to collect your documents.
a. fifth window c. the window fifth
b. window five d. the window five
68
4. We are happy to announce that we have recently reached our …
customer!
a. one thousandth c. a thousand
b. thousands d. one thousand
5. There wasn’t much doubt about whether Phil Mickelson would
return to The International after … absence.
a. one year c. a year’s
b. a one year d. a years’
6. The board meeting is supposed be held in … .
a. the office 15 c. office 15
b. the office 15
th
d. an office 15
7. The total population of USA is over three … .
a. hundreds millions people c. hundred million of people
b. hundred million people d. hundred millions of people
8. He began to feel more financially secure in his late … .
a. fifty c. fiftieth
b. fifties d. fiftieth’s
9. The share of machine building and metal working accounts for …
of the total industrial output of the district.
a. three eight point two per cents
b. three eight comma two per cent
c. thirty-eight comma two per cents
d. thirty-eight point two per cent
10. IBM and Sun Microsystems spearheaded an alliance among …
the world’s largest software companies for a coordinated attack
on Microsoft.
a. sixth c. six of
b. six d. the sixth of
11. … the selling space will be filled with groceries, the rest with
general merchandise.
a. Two third c. Two thirds
b. Two thirds of d. A two third
12. … of England held the balance with less delicacy, but with a
stronger hand.
a. Henry Eight c. Henry Eighth
b. the Eighth Henry d. Henry the Eighth
69
13. We have been waiting for the delivery for about … .
a. a month and a half c. a month and half
b. one and a half month d. one and half months
14. The survey showed that up to … of big UK employers … part-
time and temporary workers.
a. 90 per cents; use c. 90 of per cent; uses
b. 90 of per cents; uses d. 90 per cent; use
15. … annual international conference was held on … .
a. The fourth; the 2
nd
of February c. A fourth; February the 2nd
b. Fourth; 2 February d. The fourth’s; February 2
III. Переведите на английский язык слова, данные в
скобках. Обратите внимание на употребление артиклей:
1. Every (четвёртый) year of 366 days is called a leap year.
2. We have sent them (второе) notification.
3. Rumour has it that (трое из) the supervisors will be leaving next
week.
4. The President’s wife is called (Первая Леди).
5. Belarus declared its independence at the end of (двадцатого века).
6. The number of Ministers has been reduced to (две трети).
7. (Сотни) people greeted the foreign representatives.
8. In the middle of (шестидесятых годов) many parts of Europe
experienced a tremendous economic boom.
9. The continents occupy (тридцать процентов) of the earth’s
surface.
10. An order came down from on high that lunch breaks were to be
(полчаса) and no longer.
IV. Расскажите о себе и о своей стране, ответив на
следующие вопросы. Обратите внимание на употребление числительных:
1. When were you born?
2. How many days are there till your next birthday?
3. How old are your parents?
4. What is your home address?
5. What is your telephone number?
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