Добавил:
ivanov666
Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз:
Предмет:
Файл:Грамматика английского языка. Учебно-методическое пособие для студентов высших учебных заведений экономического профиля
.pdf
5. Mrs. Smithson was furious. She … for her assistant for half an
hour.
a. waited c. had waited
b. was waiting d. had been waiting
6. Mr. Wilson was preparing his presentation while his secretary …
a report.
a. is typing c. was typing
b. has been typing d. had been typing
7. He … his speech for two hours yesterday.
a. has been practising c. practised
b. was practising d. had been practising
8. I … about changing my present job for some time before I finally
decided.
a. was thinking c. thought
b. had thought d. had been thinking
9. My boss was in despair. His documents … .
a. had disappeared c. have disappeared
b. disappeared d. were disappearing
10. After the Nickersons … the company, they … to make a lot of
employees redundant.
a. bought; had started c. had bought; started
b. bought; started d. have bought; have started
11. We … a reliable firm, so we … Samsung.
a. were wanting; had chosen c. had wanted; chose
b. wanted; had chosen d. wanted; chose
12. Why … me just now? I … a very interesting conversation with
Mr. Pitt.
a. did you interrupt; was having
b. were you interrupting; was having
c. had you interrupted; had
d. have you interrupted; had
13. Mr. Johnson … as an engineer for ten years before he … a super-
visor.
a. works; has become c. worked; had become
b. had worked; became d. has been working; became
131
14. While we … a solution, our rivals … everything possible to sur-
pass us.
a. sought; had been doing c. had sought; did
b. had been seeking; were doing d. were seeking; were doing
15. When I met him last week, it was the first time we … each other
since we … from the university.
a. have seen; graduated c. saw; had graduated
b. had seen; graduated d. didn’t see; had graduated
III. Раскройте скобки, употребив глагол в одной из
форм прошедшего времени:
1. My colleague (read) a book in management while I (look) through
some economic magazines.
2. My house (decrease) in value by 10% in the last few months.
3. They (make) us an attractive offer and we willingly (accept) it.
4. When we (get) to the airport, we (hear) that they (cancel) all the
flights.
5. Fred (not give) any explanation why he (be) late for work.
6. By the time he (find) what he wanted he (waste) all his personal
savings.
7. The Seller (send) us an apologetic letter explaining why they (not
do) what they (promise).
8. They (operate) as a joint venture since the company (start) in
2000.
9. Our company operates all over Belarus. We (set up) new branches
in Moscow and Kiev last year.
10. He (keep) his job although the manager (threaten) to dismiss him
several times.
11. The news (not surprise) me as I (expect) it for some time.
12. While I (negotiate) the contract, my boss (phone) me to say that I
should insist on absolutely different terms.
13. We (make) a careful study of the provisional agreement before we
(sign) the contract.
14. I (become) less and less certain about what my boss (want) me to do.
15. Pollyanna (confess) that she (make) an error and (apologize).
132
16. She (start) writing the introduction to the quarterly report after
she (clarify) some points.
17. When I (get) back after lunch, my secretary (tell) me that some-
body (phone) when I (be) out.
18. As soon as I (speak) to the customer, I (realize) there had been a
misunderstanding.
19. The Head of Sales (explain) his proposal to the Board of Direc-
tors when the Marketing Director (interrupt) him.
20. When I (decline) the offer, I only (think) of your welfare.
21. When the consultant finally (arrive), everyone was rather an-
noyed with him as he was late and we (wait) for a very long time.
22. The chairman’s main fault was that he constantly (cut) the speak-
ers short before they (finish).
23. I (not see) the figures before the meeting, so it (put) me at a dis-
advantage during the discussion.
24. Their share price (rise) steadily before the merger was announced.
25. They (close down) the factory because it (yield) losses for years.
26. The applicants (be) happy to hear that they (pass) the job inter-
view successfully.
27. When I (work) as a web developer, I was responsible for updating
and maintaining all of the corporate websites.
28. The auditors (notice) a large unauthorized withdrawal while they
(look) through the annual accounts.
29. Fred (try) to come up with a scheme to steal money from the
company, but his boss (catch) on to this scheme and (fire) him.
30. After we (examine) the specimens of your products, we (come) to
the conclusion that they (meet) our requirements.
IV. Дополните следующие предложения таким образом,
чтобы употребить глагол в видовременной форме,
указанной в скобках:
Например: When I got to the airport … (Past Continuous)
When I got to the airport the company driver was waiting for me.
1. There were three very old directors on the board so … (Past In-
definite)
2. The Accounts Department did all the book-keeping by hand but
133
last week … (Past Indefinite)
3. The company had two loss-making subsidiaries. To remedy the
situation the management … (Past Indefinite)
4. When I got to work this morning … (Past Continuous)
5. The clients rang up to cancel the visit while … (Past Continuous)
6. We offered our agents an extra 5% discount because … (Past
Continuous)
7. The company decided to take legal action as … (Past Perfect)
8. My trip to the airport to collect Mr. Scott was a waste of time.
When I got there I found that … (Past Perfect)
9. She felt that a change of job would be good for her, for … (Past
Perfect Continuous)
10. They realized that none of their confidential information was safe
because … (Past Perfect Continuous)
СПОСОБЫ ВЫРАЖЕНИЯ БУДУЩЕГО ВРЕМЕНИ
FUTURE INDEFINITE
Будущее неопределённое
Действие произойдёт в какой-то момент времени в будущем.
Обстоятельства времени: tomorrow, tonight, the day after
tomorrow, two days later, next week, in a year, in summer, in
2010, soon.
Утвердительная
форма
I
He
She
It will work
We
You
They
Отрицательная
форма
I
He
She
It will not work
We
You
They
Вопросительная
форма
I
he
she
Will it work?
we
you
they
134
– I will arrive at about 6 o’clock, leave my things at the hotel and
then take a walk. – Я приеду около шести часов, оставлю свои
вещи в гостинице и затем пойду на прогулку.
Future Indefinite также используется:
9 для обозначения неизбежного действия в будущем, на кото-
рое нельзя повлиять: The temperature will fall to 3
– Завтра температура снизится до трёх градусов. Next year I
will be 20. – В следующем году мне исполнится 20.
0
C tomorrow.
9 для обозначения действия, решение о выполнении которого
принято в момент речи: That bag seems to be heavy. I will help
you with it. – Эта сумка кажется тяжёлой. Я помогу тебе с ней.
It looks like rain. I will take my umbrella then. – Похоже, что
будет дождь. Я возьму с собой зонт.
9 для выражения согласия, обещания, просьбы, предложения,
твёрдых намерений: I don’t know if I can fulfil the task but I will
do my best. – Я не знаю, смогу ли я выполнить задачу, но я
сделаю всё возможное.
9 в сочетании с выражениями предположения, сомнения, веро-
ятности после I think, I expect, I wonder, I believe, I’m sure,
I’m afraid, probably, certainly, perhaps: I think he will want to
stay in the best hotel. – Я думаю, что он захочет остановиться в
самой лучшей гостинице. Tom won’t pass the exam; he hasn’t
worked hard for it. – Том не сдаст экзамен; он недостаточно
усердно готовился к нему.
Примечания:
• В придаточных предложениях времени и условия после сою-
зов if, when, as soon as, till, until, before, after, in case для
обозначения будущего времени употребляется форма Present
Indefinite: I will phone you as soon as I arrive. – Я позвоню
вам, как только приеду. If you give us a discount we’ll place a
bulk order. – Если вы предоставите нам скидку, мы сделаем
крупный заказ.
135
В придаточных предложениях времени и условия также мо-
жет употребляться Present Perfect, если действие в прида-
точном предложении завершится до того, как начнётся дейст-
вие в главном: If I have finished the work by 5, I’ll get in touch
with you. – Если я закончу работу к пяти часам, я свяжусь с
вами.
Обратите внимание, что следующие примеры содержат при-
даточные предложения, которые выполняют функцию допол-
нения и отвечают на вопросы «что?», «чего?», а не «когда?»
или «при каком условии?», поэтому в них сохраняется форма
Future Indefinite: I don’t know when she will come. – Я не
знаю, когда она приедет. I wonder if he will enter the
University. – Мне интересно, поступит ли он в университет.
• Present Indefinite обозначает действие, которое обязательно
произойдёт в будущем по расписанию, в соответствии с про-
граммой: The train leaves at 6 o’clock tomorrow. – Поезд от-
правится завтра в шесть часов. Our next planning meeting is on
Wednesday. – Наша следующая планёрка состоится в среду.
• Present Continuous в значении будущего обозначает дейст-
вие запланированное, по договорённости (чаще с глаголами
движения, a также с глаголами meet, see, have, take, give, get,
do, work): The CEO is flying to Paris tonight. – Исполнитель-
ный директор улетает в Париж сегодня вечером. I am meeting
Mr. Wood next week. – Я встречаюсь с Мистером Вудом на
следующей неделе.
• Конструкция be going to + Infinitive собираться, намере-
ваться означает, что решение о выполнении действия приня-
то заранее: How much money are you going to borrow from the
bank? – Сколько денег вы собираетесь взять в банке?
• Конструкция be going to + Infinitive также используется для
выражения уверенности в совершении действия, если в на-
стоящем есть факты, подтверждающие это: Look at those
black clouds. It is going to rain. – Посмотри на эти тёмные ту-
чи. Собирается дождь.
136
• При согласовании времён вместо Future Indefinite использу-
ется Future-in-the-Past: She said that she would probably ar-
rive late owing to heavy traffic. – Она сказала, что вероятно она
приедет поздно из-за интенсивного движения транспорта.
FUTURE CONTINUOUS
Будущее длительное
Действие будет происходить (длиться) в определённый мо-
мент или в течение определённого периода времени в буду-
щем.
Обстоятельства времени: at 5 o’clock, from 5 to 6 o’clock, at
midnight, at that moment, this time next week, the whole day;
придаточные предложения с while, when.
Утвердительная
форма
I
He
She
It will be working
We
You
They
– This time next year she will be running her own business. – В это
время в следующем году она будет управлять своим собст-
венным предприятием.
– You will be studying new negotiation strategies during the work-
shop. – На семинаре вы будете изучать новые стратегии веде-
ния переговоров.
Отрицательная
форма
I
He
She
It will not be working
We
You
They
Вопросительная
форма
I
he
she
Will it be working?
we
you
they
Future Continuous также используется:
9 в вопросах о планах собеседника, если спрашивающий хочет,
чтобы отвечающий для него что-то сделал: Will you be pass-
ing the post office when you are out? – Ты будешь проходить
мимо почты, когда освободишься?
137
FUTURE PERFECT
Будущее совершённое
Действие завершится до определённого момента времени в
будущем.
Обстоятельства времени: by 5 o’clock, before.
Утвердительная
форма
I
He
She
It will have worked
We
You
They
Отрицательная
форма
I
He
She
It will not have worked
We
You
They
Вопросительная
форма
I
he
she
Will it have worked?
we
you
they
– We will have finished this work before January 17. – Мы закон-
чим эту работу до 17 января.
– By the time I arrive, my secretary will have arranged my hotel
accommodation. – К тому времени, как я приеду, мой секре-
тарь забронирует мне номер в гостинице.
FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Будущее совершённо-длительное
Действие будет длиться в течение определённого периода
времени вплоть до указанного момента времени в будущем.
Обстоятельства времени: for 2 hours, all day long, during.
Утвердительная
форма
I
He
She
It will have been
We working
You
They
138
Отрицательная
форма
I
He
She
It will not have been
We working
You
They
Вопросительная
форма
I
he
she
Will it have been
we working?
you
they
– By her fifties birthday she will have been teaching English for 25
years. – К тому времени, как ей исполнится 50, она будет
преподавать английский в течение 25 лет.
– By 5 o’clock I will have been preparing the report for 2 hours. –
К пяти часам я буду готовить отчёт в течение двух часов.
I. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа:
1. I can’t meet you tomorrow afternoon. I (am having / will have)
business lunch with our perspective customers.
2. I am sure Jane (will get / is getting) the job. She has a lot of ex-
perience.
3. When the contract (is / will be) ready, I’ll let you know.
4. I don’t want to go to that official reception alone. (Are you com-
ing / Will you come) with me?
5. Tomorrow I (will interview / will be interviewing) candidates all
morning.
6. Don’t send that fax until Mr. Leonard (doesn’t accept / accepts)
the budget proposal.
7. If I am not promoted within the next two years I (am going to
change / am changing) jobs.
8. By the time my boss (will have got / gets) here, I (will be finish-
ing / will have finished) my report.
9. From now on, we (will be conducting / will have been conduct-
ing) our business in a different way.
10. This new software (will help / is helping) you to save time on pa-
per work and deliver better customer service.
11. Where are the minutes of the last meeting? ~ Sorry, I (will email /
am going to email) them to you right now.
12. They (will have moved / will be moving) to their new office by
January.
13. I’ve just checked your flight details. Your plane for Tokyo (leaves /
is leaving) at 9 p.m. I don’t think you (are having / will have) any
problems at the airport.
14. “Remember to give her the faxes when she (comes back / will
come back).” “OK. I (am not going to forget / won’t forget).”
15. “I (am seeing / will see) Mr. Robson on Tuesday. It was arranged
last week.” “I wonder if he (will recognize / recognizes) you. You
haven’t seen him for over a year.”
139
II. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа:
1. Their new advertising campaign probably … .
a. will succeed c. will have succeeded
b. will be succeeding d. is succeeding
2. “Have you seen the financial statement yet?” “No, but I … at
home this evening so I can study it then.”
a. stay c. am staying
b. will stay d. will have stayed
3. Don’t forget to turn off the lights before you … .
a. are leaving c. will leave
b. leave d. is going to leave
4. “Can I have the detailed account about the company’s activities
this afternoon?” “I don’t think I … it by then.”
a. will be finishing c. will have been finishing
b. will finish d. will have finished
5. I’ve just been to the council meeting. It looks like they … a new
shopping centre in our town.
a. will be building c. will built
b. are going to build d. will have built
6. As soon as you … Mrs. Minks tomorrow, could you ask her to
ring me up?
a. will see c. saw
b. see d. would see
7. We can’t send the goods until we … a firm order.
a. receives c. don’t receive
b. will receive d. have received
8. Unless they … more reasonable, we’ll have to break off the nego-
tiations.
a. aren’t c. are
b. will be d. won’t be
9. The staff didn’t know if the time-table for the following week …
changed.
a. has been c. would be
b. will have been d. was being
140
Соседние файлы в предмете [НЕСОРТИРОВАННОЕ]