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Файл:Технический перевод (английский язык) перевод научно-технической информации. Учебное пособие
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прессы более характерно стремление к относительной краткости предложений, содержащих информационные материалы.
For instance, they had this headmaster, Mr. Haas, that was the phoniest bas-
tard I ever met in my life. > Например, их директор, мистер Хаас. Такого
подлого притворщика я в жизни не встречал.
7. Объединение предложений — это способ перевода, при котором
синтаксическая структура в оригинале преобразуется путем соединения
двух простых предложений в одно сложное. Эта трансформация – обратная по сравнению с предыдущей:
That was а long time ago. It seemed like fifty years ago. > Это было давно –
казалось, что прошло лет пятьдесят.
Нередко применение трансформации объединения связано с перераспределением предикативных синтагм между соседними предложениями, т. е. происходит одновременное использование объединения и
членения – одно предложение разбивается на две части, и одна из его
частей объединяется с другим предложением.
She ran, bought her ticket and got back on the carrousel. Just in time. Then
she walked all the way round it till got her own horse back. Then she got on it.
She waved to me and I waved back. > Она побежала, купила билет и в по-
следнюю секунду вернулась к карусели. И опять обежала все кругом,
пока не нашла свою прежнюю лошадь. Села на нее, помахала мне, и я
ей тоже помахал.
I also say Boy! quite a lot. Partly because I have a lousy vocabulary and partly
because I act quite young for my age sometimes. > Это тоже привычка – го-
ворить: «Эх!» или «Ух ты!», отчасти потому, что у меня не хватает слов,
а отчасти потому, то я иногда веду себя совсем не по возрасту.
Task 41 Translate the following according to the rules of foreign plurals
(Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на перевод
слов иностранного происхождения (Приложение – Appendix 6)
1. Learn how systems of linear equations with multiple variables are
represented with matrices.
2. Strong wish for the control of the Northern Pacific led to one of the
most serious financial crises ever known on Wall Street.
3. It is important to understand clearly the criteria which he applied.
4. A rotation of axes is a linear map.
Task 42 Translate the following according to the model (Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на модели в образце).
151
Articles
Model There were about a dozen people in the laboratory > В лаборатории
было около двенадцати человек.
Such a laborious procedure is obviously not suitable for routine identifica-
tion > Такая трудоемкая методика, очевидно, не пригодна для обычных
определений.
1. The issue remained controversial for over a quarter of a century.
2. The temperature of the solution should be controlled within half a degree
or so.
3. It is not so simple a problem as it seems.
4. The matter will be discussed in the next chapter.
Task 43 Translate the following according to the model (Переведите сле-
дующие предложения, обращая внимание на модели в образце).
to be + of +noun
Model. This book on economics is of great interest. > Эта книга по эко-
номике представляет собой большой интерес.
1. The question what, how and for whom to produce is of great significance.
2. The study of economics is of constant use even to those students who
have no wish to become professional economists.
3. Economists’ recommendations may be of high value to governments but
governments do not always rely on them.
Task 44 Translate the following according to the model (Переведите сле-
дующие предложения, обращая внимание на модели в образце).
Pronouns that, those
Model. Every social group has certain economic interests identical with
those of all groups and also interests antagonistic to those of all other groups. >
Каждая социальная группа имеет особые экономические интересы,
идентичные интересам других групп и в то же время антагонистичные
интересам других социальных групп.
1. The goods sold in the market are of lower quality than those of our
company.
2. The modern markets, particularly those in New York and Chicago, leery
heavily on computerization each day to process millions of transactions.
3. The US economy is more than twice as large as the next largest economy,
that of Japan.
4. A major problem faced by command economies is that of deciding what
to produce.
152
Task 45 Translate the following according to the model (Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на модели в образце).
that is
Model The second of the three economic issues is the question of income,
that is, income distribution, the way in which income – that’s what people
earn – is distributed or shared around. > Второй из трех вопросов экономики – это вопрос дохода, а именно (то есть), вопрос о том, как он,
доход – то, что люди зарабатывают, распределяется.
1. Each additional worker produces less additional film. That is to say, each
transfer reduces output per worker in the film industry.
2. You calculate other elasticities in the same way, that is by dividing the
percentage change in quantity by the corresponding change in price.
3. Some societies began to use another kind of money, that is precious
metals.
Task 46 Translate the following according to the model (Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на модели в образце).
Заменители one, do
Model. Economies today depend less on oil than they did. > В настоящее
время экономики меньше зависят от нефти, чем прежде.
1. In real terms, oil now costs roughly what it did 50 years ago.
2. We want to know why the economy works as it does.
3. Experiments showed that the stating products did indeed contain im-
purities.
4. Not until 1930 did the first evidence of the actual existence of such
uncharged particles, called neutrons, come forth.
Task 47 Translate the following according to the model (Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на модели в образце).
Model. The economic crisis is now being compounded by a political one. >
Сейчас экономический кризис осложняется и политическим (кризисом).
1. A closed economy is one which has no transactions with the rest of the
world.
2. The global competitive and technological forces are too powerful to let
political regulators replace market practices with regulatory ones.
3. The marriage between the United States economy and the free enterprise
system has been a hugely successful one, but not one without problems.
4. Alfa Bank warned in its note that a 30 percent drop like the one suffered
by emerging markets last summer.
153
Task 48 Translate the following according to the model (Переведите сле-
дующие предложения, обращая внимание на модели в образце).
Безличные one, it
Model. One can easily understand peoples’ aspirations for world peace >
Легко понять стремление народов к миру во всем мире.
1. How does one correctly assess the value of investment?
2. Thus, in order to understand Russia one needs to realize that a Russian
thinks along strategic, so to speak, lines.
3. One economizes by buying large amounts of goods.
4. One defines efficiency as the relationship between factor inputs and
output of goods and services.
Task 49 Translate the following according to the model (Переведите сле-
дующие предложения, обращая внимание на модели в образце).
Model. Функция формального подлежащего It is possible for an agree-
ment to be reached. > Достичь соглашения возможно.
1. It is worth examining this enduring notion that commerce can pacify
cultural rivalry.
2. It is essential that they keep accurate records of every transaction.
3. It might be easier to train them to communicate properly with students
than to get professional management academics to teach students to be good
managers.
Task 50 Translate the following according to the model (Переведите сле-
дующие предложения, обращая внимание на модели в образце).
Model. It is the government that can give tax benefits to the companies in
order to support domestic industry. > Именно правительство может предоставлять налоговые льготы компаниям с целью поддержки отечественной
промышленности.
1. It is the use of money as a medium of exchange that distinguishes money
from other assets.
2. It is from this angle that Russia is viewing the development and furthering
of integration on the continent.
3. In a market economy it is customers who decide what is to be produced.
4. Although it was Germany which had led a financial rescue operation
earlier in the year.
Task 51 Translate the following according to the model (Переведите сле-
дующие предложения, обращая внимание на модели в образце).
Model. Не felt it his duty to help the Government. > Он считал своей
обязанностью помочь правительству.
154
1. Society considers it convenient to use a monetary unit to determine rela-
tive costs of different goods and services.
2. People found it a lot easier to give the seller a letter that it was to fetch
some gold and then physically hand it over to him.
3. Contraband makes it possible for many workers to buy electronic and
other consumer goods that would otherwise be out of reach.
Task 52 Translate the following according to the model (Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на модели в образце).
Modals and linking verbs
Model. Microeconomics looks at how prices affect specific suppliers and
focus on how individual prices are to be set. > Микроэкономика рассматривает вопросы воздействия цен на отдельных потребителей и концентрирует внимание на том, как (нужно) установить цену на определенный
вид продукции.
1. The market is to decide how much to produce.
2. Businessmen are to accept social responsibility beyond mere profit-
making.
3. Prices are to regulate production and consumption in a market economy.
4. In making investment decision a financial manager is to use a wide variety
of information provided by all departments of the company.
Task 53 Translate the following according to the model (Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на модели в образце).
Noun chains
Model. The euro zone is facing a short-lived growth slump because of
problems in Brazil and other regions across the globe. > Зона евро испытывает краткосрочное снижение экономического роста из-за проблем в
Бразилии и других регионах мира.
1. Home Ofce spokesman said yesterday that their policy was not to disclose
any information about a taxpayer or his affairs without his prior consent.
2. Sanyo Electric expects to show record profit and sales gures for the
year ending next Nov. 30.
3. Canada’s defense industry is up in arms over changes to US export control
regulations that have eliminated Canada’s long-standing exemption from
certain US export licensing requirements.
Task 54 Translate the following according to the model (Переведите сле-
дующие предложения, обращая внимание на модели в образце).
since/as/once
155
Model. Up to the present, international agreements on the prices of certain
major products have scarcely modified the situation since prices are always
dictated by the big industrial powers. > Вплоть до настоящего времени
международные соглашения о ценах на некоторые основные продукты
вряд ли изменили положение дел, поскольку цены всегда определяются
(диктуются) крупными промышленными державами.
1. Since people dislike risk, they will not put all their eggs in one basket.
2. As prices rise, the country gradually becomes less competitive since the
nominal exchange rate remains fixed.
3. Since most of the new technical knowledge is being produced by
advanced countries, granting stronger protection to intellectual property
means that developing countries, who are primary users of knowledge, end
up transferring rents to the producers.
4. Since most employees had lived all of their lives under totalitarianism,
they were unable to understand even the basics of capitalism and democracy
Task 55 Translate the following according to the model (Переведите сле-
дующие предложения, обращая внимание на модели в образце).
as
Model. The gloom in East Asia is likely to deepen in the months ahead
as more firms and banks go bust and unemployment and inflation rise. >
В Восточной Азии в предстоящие месяцы наблюдаемые ныне настроения
подавленности, вероятно, будут нарастать по мере того, как все больше
фирм и банков (будут) разорятся, а безработица и инфляция будут расти.
1. Complement goods are those goods which you cannot use one without
the other, such as cars and petrol. As the price for petrol rises, the demand for
cars reduces.
2. Greater confidence has driven down yields as investors needed less
compensation for risk.
3. As the supply increases with an improvement in technology, firms want
to produce more at the same price level as before.
4. As productive equipment is referred to as physical capital, to buy new
equipment is to invest in production.
Task 56 Translate the following according to the model (Переведите сле-
дующие предложения, обращая внимание на модели в образце).
once
Model. WaMu, once a modest Seattle thrift, has grown at astonishing speed. >
WAMU, когда-то скромное сберегательное учреждение в Сиэтле, вырос с
удивительной быстротой.
156
1. Once the first entrepreneurial investment of capital has been made,
someone must be hired to manage the new business, factory or other endeavor.
2. If anxiety about global imbalances is not driving currency markets,
perhaps the dollar might rally once America’s economy is back on its feet.
3. Once a nation of farmers, the United States was changed dramatically
by successful adaptation of the machinery and production processes of the
Industrial Revolution – and then transformed again by what amounts to a
“second” Industrial Revolution.
4. At the Bank of Moscow on Sadovaya Triumfalnaya Ulitsa, branch
manager Lobos Chechel said the branch would begin accepting income
declarations once the bank’s head office had sent out the necessary documents.
Task 57 Translate the following considering elliptical structures (Переведите
следующие предложения, обращая внимание перевод эллиптических
конструкций).
Elliptical constructions
1. Whatever his reasons he has now brought the other members of NATO
face to face with some very big and difficult questions about the military and
political structure of Europe.
2. However imperfectly, and however unevenly Latin America is today part
of the same free-market, democratic society.
3. When kept regularly and accurately, accounts may be a convenient tool
of making a business more effective.
4. Although accepted as a medium of exchange, domestic currency is thought
to be an inadequate store of value under conditions of hyperinflation.
Страдательный (пассивный) залог
The experiments were made last year. >
а) Опыты (были) проведены в прошлом году.
б) Опыты проводились в прошлом году
в) Опыты проводили в прошлом году.
При переводе английских предложений с глаголом в форме страдательного залога часто используется обратный порядок слов (русское
предложение начинается со сказуемого):
New technique has been developed. Была разработана новая методика.
Предложения с сочетаниями «модальный глагол + инфинитив страда-
тельного залога» рекомендуется переводить со словами можно, нужно,
следует и др.:
The problem must be solved. Эту проблему нужно решить.
157
Страдательный оборот с подлежащим it переводится неопределен-
но-личным предложением:
Model. It was thought... > Думали, полагали...
It is known... > Известно...
Task 58 Translate the following considering passive voice formation
(Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на перевод
страдательного залога).
1. Imperfections in polymer structure can be revealed with an electron
microscope.
2. An interesting phenomenon was registered by dr. N.
3. The statistical theory has been developed quite recently.
4. The result of the experiment is shown in Fig. 11.
Task 59 Translate the following according to the model (Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на модели в образце).
Страдательный залог глаголов с послелогом
Model. The results can be relied upon. > На эти результаты можно
положиться.
1. This date will be insisted on.
2. The terms were agreed upon.
3. The matter was referred to.
4. Many materials now in common use were not even thought of thirty
years ago.
5. The variations are greater than can be accounted for by chance.
Task 60 Translate the following according to the model (Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на модели в образце).
При переводе глаголов, принимающих предложное дополнение, пред-
лог ставится перед словом, являющимся в английском предложении
подлежащим:
Model. The war was followed by the revolution. > За войной последовала
революция.
1. Many interesting questions can be answered without a detailed knowledge
of the process.
2. The nature of the process will be discussed first and this will be followed
by an interpretation of the actual curves.
3. The effect of plastic deformation has been approached by several
investigators.
4. The problem was approached by many researchers.
158
Task 61 Translate the following according to the model (Переведите сле-
дующие предложения, обращая внимание на модели в образце).
Participle
Model. No one minimized the scale of the problems facing the EU,
which is seeking to reform its budget. > Никто не преуменьшал масштабы
проблем, стоящих перед Европейским Союзом, который стремится
реформировать свой бюджет.
1. For any British farmer thinking of selling up, now looks like a tempting time.
2. Russia is the one trying to minimize its commitments.
3. The National Foreign Trade Council, representing 550 of the nation’s
top multinational companies and banks, warned in a report yesterday that
international provisions in the US tax code were seriously «out of step»
with those of other big industrial countries.
Task 62 Translate the following according to the model (Переведите сле-
дующие предложения, обращая внимание на модели в образце).
Participle
Model. Under soviet power the function of revising accounting transactions
was exercised by inspectors called ‘revisers’. > При советской власти функ-
ция проверки учета трансакций выполнялась инспекторами, которые
назывались ревизорами.
1. The elderly have very high medical expenses compared with the rest of
the population.
2. It took not years but centuries to gain acceptance of the idea of a system
based on personal gain.
3. Those involved in making decisions whether to invest abroad will be
sensitive to the actual and expected situation in foreign exchange markets.
Task 63 Translate the following according to the model (Переведите сле-
дующие предложения, обращая внимание на модели в образце).
Participle
Model. Given good will on the part of other states, this proposal of Russia
could be carried into effect without further delay. > При наличии доброй воли
со стороны других государств это предложение России моно было бы
осуществить без дальнейшего промедления.
1. Given the efficient pricing structure, what is the efficient quantity of
investment?
2. Foreign-owned companies that set up British subsidiaries to channel
their profits pay no tax, provided their management and control remain
outside.
159
3. A wider association of this kind would be feasible, provided that the
methods adopted are in line with those proposed at the conference.
Task 64 Translate the following according to the model (Переведите сле-
дующие предложения, обращая внимание на модели в образце).
Passive Participle
Model Being traded openly on the stock exchange, government securities
make monetary policies more flexible. > Так как государственные ценные
бумаги находятся в открытой продаже на фондовой бирже, они делают
кредитно-денежную политику более гибкой.
1. Being an agreed measure of future payments in contracts, money serves
as a standard of deferred payment.
2. Only being provided with the required resources, an enterprise can work
efficiently and increase its output.
3. Being responsible for the national debt, the Central Bank makes repayments
on government securities.
Task 65 Translate the following according to the model (Переведите сле-
дующие предложения, обращая внимание на модели в образце).
Абсолютный оборот
Model. The cargo was badly damaged by the fire, the owners suffering
great losses. > Груз был сильно поврежден пожаром, при этом владельцы
понесли большие потери.
1. The country having a budget deficit, inflation may follow.
2. National income increasing, the total number of transactions usually
increases.
3. Natural resources are one of the three factors of production, the other
two being labour and capital.
4. Interest rates can affect aggregate demand, equilibrium level of output and
employment adjusting correspondingly.
Task 66 Translate the following according to the model (Переведите сле-
дующие предложения, обращая внимание на модели в образце).
Model.
Whole cities (being) razed to the ground during the war, the building of
houses was priority number one.
As (Because, since) whole cities were razed to the ground during the war, the
building of houses was priority number one. > Так как во время войны целые
города были стерты с лица земли (разрушены до основания), строительство домов стало первоочередной задачей.
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