- •Практична граматика англійської мови для студентів 3 курсу
- •Table of contents
- •(Verbids, verbals)
- •Categories of Finite Forms of the Verb (revision)
- •Classification of non-finite forms of the verb (verbals)
- •Verbals
- •Verbals
- •Indefinite Continuous Perfect Non-Perfect Active Passive
- •Grammatical categories of participle I
- •General Characteristic of the infinitive
- •Double nature of the infinitive
- •Verbal Features of the Infinitive
- •A: Morphological features
- •B: Syntactical features
- •Nominal features of the Infinitive
- •Other functions of the Infinitive
- •Grammatical categories of the infinitive
- •Forms of infinitive
- •The infinitive as subject
- •1. The infinitive as the subject can either:
- •Part 1
- •Infinitive as predicate
- •The infinitive as predicative
- •Part 1
- •Part 2
- •The infinitive as part of compound verbal modal predicate
- •Part 2
- •The infinitive as part of compound verbal aspect predicate
- •Not all these verbs have the same combinability:
- •To stop
- •Task 15. Use either an infinitive or a gerund or both in the sentences below.
- •Module 2 the infinitive as object
- •To remember, to forget, to regret,
- •To mean
- •To prefer
- •To like
- •To afford
- •To consider
- •To be sorry
- •To be afraid
- •Cannot help
- •Part 1
- •The infinitive as attribute
- •The infinitive as an adverbial modifier
- •1. Adverbial Modifier of Purpose (Manner)
- •Compare
- •2. Adverbial Modifier of Result or Consequence
- •3. Adverbial Modifier of Comparison
- •4. Adverbial Modifier of Subsequent Events
- •5. Adverbial Modifier of Exception
- •6. Adverbial Modifier of Condition
- •7. Adverbial Modifier of Time
- •8. Adverbial Modifier of Attendant Circumstances
- •Part 2
- •Part 2
- •Group 1. Verbs of sense perception
- •Complex Object after these verbs is used in the following way:
- •Completed action
- •Action in progress
- •Complex Object is not used:
- •Translation
- •Group 2. Verbs of mental activity
- •Complex Object after these verbs is used in the following way:
- •Group 3. Verbs of wishes, intentions and emotions
- •Complex Object after these verbs is used in the following way:
- •Group 4. Verbs of inducement
- •Complex Object after these verbs is used in the following way:
- •Bare infinitive
- •Group 5. Verb of reporting and declaring
- •Complex Object after these verbs is used in the following way:
- •Group 6. Verbs denoting order, permission, prohibition and persuasion
- •Complex Object after these verbs is used in the following way:
- •Group 7. Certain phrasal verbs
- •(The infinitive as part of a compound verbal predicate of double orientation)
- •Translation
- •Group 2. Verbs of sense perception
- •Complex Subject after these verbs is used in the following way:
- •Completed action
- •Action in progress
- •Group 3. Verbs of mental activity or perception
- •Complex Subject after these verbs is used in the following way:
- •Group 4. Verbs of reporting
- •Complex Subject after these verbs is used in the following way:
- •Group 6. Phrases with modal meaning
- •Complex Subject after these verbs is used in the following way:
- •Revision of the infinitive
- •Task 67. Paraphrase the sentences below using (if possible) one of the following constructions: a) Complex Object; b) Complex Subject; c) For-to-Infinitive Construction
- •Task 67. Replace the underlined phrases with an appropriate infinitive or infinitive construction.
- •Appendix: verbals
- •Infinitive and gerund
- •Verbs followed immediately by infinitive
- •Verbs followed by either gerund or infinitive without a change in meaning
- •Adjectives followed by infinitive
- •Set expressions used with infinitive
- •IV. Verbs commonly used with the gerund
- •Expressions always used with gerund
- •Verbs with prepositions commonly used with the gerund
- •Set phrases with prepositions commonly used with gerund
- •Gerund after certain nouns with prepositions Preposition ‘of’
- •Preposition ‘at’
- •Preposition ‘for’
- •Preposition ‘in’
- •Miscellaneous Prepositions
- •Gerunds after prepositions
- •Infinitive and gerund used with different meaning to stop
- •To remember, to forget, to regret,
- •To mean
- •To prefer
- •To like
- •To be sorry
- •To be afraid, to dread, to fear
- •To afford
- •To consider
- •To intend
- •To need
- •To advise to allow to recommend
- •To be interested
- •To imagine
- •Cannot help (used to say that it is impossible to avoid or prevent something)
- •Grammar terms glossary
Other functions of the Infinitive
predicate, e.g. Why not go for a walk? The day is lovely! = Почему бы не пойти на прогулку? День чудесный! / Чому б не піти на прогулянку? День чудовий!
part of a compound verbal modal predicate, e.g. We were to meet at seven, but he must have forgotten about it. = Мы должны были встретиться в семь, но он, должно быть, забыл об этом./ Ми повинні були зустрітися о сьомій, але він, мабуть, забув про це.
part of a compound verbal aspect predicate, e.g. Molly began to feel rather hungry.
part of a Complex Object, e.g. I have never seen you speak like this before. = Я никогда раньше не видел, чтобы ты так разговаривала. / Я ніколи раніше не бачив, щоб ти так розмовляла.
part of a Complex Subject, e.g. The girl was reported to have been found in the forest. = Сообщили, что девочку нашли в лесу. / Повідомили, що дівчинку знайшли в лісі.
parenthesis, e.g. To tell the truth, I disliked the man at once.
Grammatical categories of the infinitive
The following abbreviations will be used in the tasks below to indicate the forms of the infinitive:
NPA – non-perfect active
NPP – non-perfect passive
NPCA – non-perfect continuous active
PA – perfect active
PP – perfect passive
PCA – perfect continuous active
Forms of infinitive
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CORRELATION |
ASPECT |
ACTIVE VOICE |
PASSIVE VOICE |
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NON-PERFECT (Simple) |
INDEFINITE/ COMMON (expresses an action simultaneous with the one expressed by the finite verb) |
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CONTINUOUS (expresses an action simultaneous with the one expressed by the finite verb but in progress) |
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PERFECT |
INDEFINITE/ COMMON (expresses an action prior to the one denoted by the finite verb) |
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CONTINUOUS (expresses an action which lasted a certain time before the action of the finite verb) |
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It is often difficult to translate English sentences with the infinitive into Russian or Ukrainian as there are only two forms of the Infinitive in Slavic languages and 6 forms in English. Compare:
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Russian |
Ukrainian |
English |
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TASK 2. Find infinitives in the sentences below and define their forms. The first one is done for you. Translate the sentences into your mother tongue.
You must be careful with Dinny, otherwise you can find yourself in a trap. – NPA
"Come along, Imogen," said Winifred, "we must be getting back."
You must have noticed her there; she was the only one wearing a bright red dress.
She can’t have been that naïve! The whole thing must have been going on under her eyes!
She's like a beautiful exotic flower that must be sheltered from bitter winds.
This meeting, Edwina realized, must have been planned several hours ago.
‘I want to know how long we are expected to wait’. – ‘Don’t make a fuss. We must have been waiting for only a couple of minutes.’
Derek seemed to be weighing something in his mind.
You know how I hate to interfere in other people's business.
I considered myself to be standing much higher than all my fellow-workers.
Was the object attached to anything? No wires or anything? I mean, someone couldn't have been having a joke or something?
He seemed to have taken his defeat quietly.
I rang the bell and the man answered with remarkable promptness; he seemed to have been waiting for it to ring.
Martin had in the meantime made himself as comfortable as circumstances would permit.
I’d rather be told the truth than be lied to.
Jennifer was known to have had a quick temper.
TASK 3. Decide if the given forms of the infinitive are right or wrong. Correct the wrong ones. The first one is done for you.
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No |
Sentence |
Form of the infinitive |
right |
wrong |
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1 |
The terrorist holding the hostages is thought to be heavily armed. |
non-perfect active |
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√ - NPP |
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2 |
The rate of inflation is expected to rise. |
non-perfect active |
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3 |
Mrs Western is thought to have died in a plane crash. |
non-perfect active |
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4 |
These houseboats seem to have been turned into floating restaurants. |
perfect active |
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5 |
They seem to have been modernising this railway station for three years now. |
perfect passive |
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6 |
Mary may be playing tennis at the moment. |
non-perfect continuous active |
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7 |
The burglars seemed to have made the owner of the house tell them where the money was. |
non-perfect passive |
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8 |
I am glad to have met you. |
perfect active |
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9 |
Sue seems to have been given the wrong address. |
perfect active |
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10 |
I think you ought to see the police about the people next door. |
non-perfect passive |
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11 |
Tessa meant to have said good-bye but was too shy to interrupt the conversation. |
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