- •Практична граматика англійської мови для студентів 3 курсу
- •Table of contents
- •(Verbids, verbals)
- •Categories of Finite Forms of the Verb (revision)
- •Classification of non-finite forms of the verb (verbals)
- •Verbals
- •Verbals
- •Indefinite Continuous Perfect Non-Perfect Active Passive
- •Grammatical categories of participle I
- •General Characteristic of the infinitive
- •Double nature of the infinitive
- •Verbal Features of the Infinitive
- •A: Morphological features
- •B: Syntactical features
- •Nominal features of the Infinitive
- •Other functions of the Infinitive
- •Grammatical categories of the infinitive
- •Forms of infinitive
- •The infinitive as subject
- •1. The infinitive as the subject can either:
- •Part 1
- •Infinitive as predicate
- •The infinitive as predicative
- •Part 1
- •Part 2
- •The infinitive as part of compound verbal modal predicate
- •Part 2
- •The infinitive as part of compound verbal aspect predicate
- •Not all these verbs have the same combinability:
- •To stop
- •Task 15. Use either an infinitive or a gerund or both in the sentences below.
- •Module 2 the infinitive as object
- •To remember, to forget, to regret,
- •To mean
- •To prefer
- •To like
- •To afford
- •To consider
- •To be sorry
- •To be afraid
- •Cannot help
- •Part 1
- •The infinitive as attribute
- •The infinitive as an adverbial modifier
- •1. Adverbial Modifier of Purpose (Manner)
- •Compare
- •2. Adverbial Modifier of Result or Consequence
- •3. Adverbial Modifier of Comparison
- •4. Adverbial Modifier of Subsequent Events
- •5. Adverbial Modifier of Exception
- •6. Adverbial Modifier of Condition
- •7. Adverbial Modifier of Time
- •8. Adverbial Modifier of Attendant Circumstances
- •Part 2
- •Part 2
- •Group 1. Verbs of sense perception
- •Complex Object after these verbs is used in the following way:
- •Completed action
- •Action in progress
- •Complex Object is not used:
- •Translation
- •Group 2. Verbs of mental activity
- •Complex Object after these verbs is used in the following way:
- •Group 3. Verbs of wishes, intentions and emotions
- •Complex Object after these verbs is used in the following way:
- •Group 4. Verbs of inducement
- •Complex Object after these verbs is used in the following way:
- •Bare infinitive
- •Group 5. Verb of reporting and declaring
- •Complex Object after these verbs is used in the following way:
- •Group 6. Verbs denoting order, permission, prohibition and persuasion
- •Complex Object after these verbs is used in the following way:
- •Group 7. Certain phrasal verbs
- •(The infinitive as part of a compound verbal predicate of double orientation)
- •Translation
- •Group 2. Verbs of sense perception
- •Complex Subject after these verbs is used in the following way:
- •Completed action
- •Action in progress
- •Group 3. Verbs of mental activity or perception
- •Complex Subject after these verbs is used in the following way:
- •Group 4. Verbs of reporting
- •Complex Subject after these verbs is used in the following way:
- •Group 6. Phrases with modal meaning
- •Complex Subject after these verbs is used in the following way:
- •Revision of the infinitive
- •Task 67. Paraphrase the sentences below using (if possible) one of the following constructions: a) Complex Object; b) Complex Subject; c) For-to-Infinitive Construction
- •Task 67. Replace the underlined phrases with an appropriate infinitive or infinitive construction.
- •Appendix: verbals
- •Infinitive and gerund
- •Verbs followed immediately by infinitive
- •Verbs followed by either gerund or infinitive without a change in meaning
- •Adjectives followed by infinitive
- •Set expressions used with infinitive
- •IV. Verbs commonly used with the gerund
- •Expressions always used with gerund
- •Verbs with prepositions commonly used with the gerund
- •Set phrases with prepositions commonly used with gerund
- •Gerund after certain nouns with prepositions Preposition ‘of’
- •Preposition ‘at’
- •Preposition ‘for’
- •Preposition ‘in’
- •Miscellaneous Prepositions
- •Gerunds after prepositions
- •Infinitive and gerund used with different meaning to stop
- •To remember, to forget, to regret,
- •To mean
- •To prefer
- •To like
- •To be sorry
- •To be afraid, to dread, to fear
- •To afford
- •To consider
- •To intend
- •To need
- •To advise to allow to recommend
- •To be interested
- •To imagine
- •Cannot help (used to say that it is impossible to avoid or prevent something)
- •Grammar terms glossary
Group 1. Verbs of sense perception
|
to see |
to hear |
to feel |
to watch |
to notice |
|
to taste |
to smell |
to sense |
to observe |
|
Note: to feel (to experience a particular feeling or emotion) # to sense (to become aware of something even though you cannot see or hear it)
Complex Object after these verbs is used in the following way:
Only bare infinitive is used after these verbs, e.g.
No one has ever seen Jessica cry. = Никто никогда не видел, чтобы
Джессика плакала. / Ніхто ніколи не бачив, щоб Джесіка плакала.
Non-perfect active infinitive is used to show a completed action, e.g.
Tessa heard Paul close the door. = Тесса слышала, что Пол закрыл дверь. / Теса чула, що Пол зачинив двері.
Active Participle I is used to show an active action is progress, e.g.
Tessa heard Paul closing the door. = Теса слышала, как Пол закрывал дверь. / Теса чула, як Пол зачиняв двері.
Passive Participle I is used to show a passive action in progress, e.g.
The boys saw the robbers being arrested by the police. = Мальчики видели, как грабителей арестовывала полиция. / Хлопчики бачили, як грабіжників заарештовувала поліція.
Participle II is used to express a completed action in the Passive Voice, e.g.
The boys saw the robbers arrested by the police. = Мальчики видели, что грабители были арестованы полицией. / Хлопчики бачили, що грабіжники були заарештовані поліцією.
This function of the infinitive can be summed up like this:
Completed action
|
Active |
Passive |
|
bare non-perfect active infinitive |
Participle II |
|
Ida felt Simon kiss her on the cheek. = Ида почувствовала, как Саймон поцеловал ее в щеку. / Ида відчула, як Саймон поцілував її в щоку. |
Ida saw Simon kissed on the cheek. = Ида видела, как Саймона поцеловали в щеку. / Ида бачила, як Саймона поцілували в щоку.
|
Action in progress
|
Active |
Passive |
|
Participle I - non-perfect active |
Participle I - non-perfect passive |
|
Ida felt Simon kissing her on the cheek. = Ида чувствовала, как Саймон целовал ее в щеку. / Ида відчула, як Саймон цілував її в щоку. |
Ida saw Simon being kissed on the cheek. = Ида видела, как Саймона целовали в щеку. / Ида бачила, як Саймона цілували в щоку. |
Complex Object is not used:
If the verbs to see, to feel, to sense are used in the meaning to realize. A subordinate clause is used instead, e.g.
Stanley saw that Tom did not understand anything. = Стенли видел, что Том ничего не понимает. / Стенлі бачив, що Том нічого не розуміє. (= Stanley realized that Tom did not understand anything.)
If the verb to hear has the meaning to learn. A subordinate clause is used instead, e.g.
I heard Professor Freeman had already published his new book. = Я слышал, что професор Фример уже опубликовал свою новую книгу. / Я чув, що професор Фример уже опублікував свою нову книгу. (= Someone told me that Professor Freeman had already published his new book.
If the verbs to see and to notice in the meaning of sense perception are followed by the verb ‘to be’. A subordinate clause is used instead, e.g.
I noticed that Alice was not well. = Я заметил, что Элис плохо себя чувствует. / Я помітив, що Элис погано себе почуває.
Don saw that the owner of the house was in the garden. = Дон видел, что хозяин дома был в саду. / Дон бачив, що хазяїн будинку був у саду.