- •Практична граматика англійської мови для студентів 3 курсу
- •Table of contents
- •(Verbids, verbals)
- •Categories of Finite Forms of the Verb (revision)
- •Classification of non-finite forms of the verb (verbals)
- •Verbals
- •Verbals
- •Indefinite Continuous Perfect Non-Perfect Active Passive
- •Grammatical categories of participle I
- •General Characteristic of the infinitive
- •Double nature of the infinitive
- •Verbal Features of the Infinitive
- •A: Morphological features
- •B: Syntactical features
- •Nominal features of the Infinitive
- •Other functions of the Infinitive
- •Grammatical categories of the infinitive
- •Forms of infinitive
- •The infinitive as subject
- •1. The infinitive as the subject can either:
- •Part 1
- •Infinitive as predicate
- •The infinitive as predicative
- •Part 1
- •Part 2
- •The infinitive as part of compound verbal modal predicate
- •Part 2
- •The infinitive as part of compound verbal aspect predicate
- •Not all these verbs have the same combinability:
- •To stop
- •Task 15. Use either an infinitive or a gerund or both in the sentences below.
- •Module 2 the infinitive as object
- •To remember, to forget, to regret,
- •To mean
- •To prefer
- •To like
- •To afford
- •To consider
- •To be sorry
- •To be afraid
- •Cannot help
- •Part 1
- •The infinitive as attribute
- •The infinitive as an adverbial modifier
- •1. Adverbial Modifier of Purpose (Manner)
- •Compare
- •2. Adverbial Modifier of Result or Consequence
- •3. Adverbial Modifier of Comparison
- •4. Adverbial Modifier of Subsequent Events
- •5. Adverbial Modifier of Exception
- •6. Adverbial Modifier of Condition
- •7. Adverbial Modifier of Time
- •8. Adverbial Modifier of Attendant Circumstances
- •Part 2
- •Part 2
- •Group 1. Verbs of sense perception
- •Complex Object after these verbs is used in the following way:
- •Completed action
- •Action in progress
- •Complex Object is not used:
- •Translation
- •Group 2. Verbs of mental activity
- •Complex Object after these verbs is used in the following way:
- •Group 3. Verbs of wishes, intentions and emotions
- •Complex Object after these verbs is used in the following way:
- •Group 4. Verbs of inducement
- •Complex Object after these verbs is used in the following way:
- •Bare infinitive
- •Group 5. Verb of reporting and declaring
- •Complex Object after these verbs is used in the following way:
- •Group 6. Verbs denoting order, permission, prohibition and persuasion
- •Complex Object after these verbs is used in the following way:
- •Group 7. Certain phrasal verbs
- •(The infinitive as part of a compound verbal predicate of double orientation)
- •Translation
- •Group 2. Verbs of sense perception
- •Complex Subject after these verbs is used in the following way:
- •Completed action
- •Action in progress
- •Group 3. Verbs of mental activity or perception
- •Complex Subject after these verbs is used in the following way:
- •Group 4. Verbs of reporting
- •Complex Subject after these verbs is used in the following way:
- •Group 6. Phrases with modal meaning
- •Complex Subject after these verbs is used in the following way:
- •Revision of the infinitive
- •Task 67. Paraphrase the sentences below using (if possible) one of the following constructions: a) Complex Object; b) Complex Subject; c) For-to-Infinitive Construction
- •Task 67. Replace the underlined phrases with an appropriate infinitive or infinitive construction.
- •Appendix: verbals
- •Infinitive and gerund
- •Verbs followed immediately by infinitive
- •Verbs followed by either gerund or infinitive without a change in meaning
- •Adjectives followed by infinitive
- •Set expressions used with infinitive
- •IV. Verbs commonly used with the gerund
- •Expressions always used with gerund
- •Verbs with prepositions commonly used with the gerund
- •Set phrases with prepositions commonly used with gerund
- •Gerund after certain nouns with prepositions Preposition ‘of’
- •Preposition ‘at’
- •Preposition ‘for’
- •Preposition ‘in’
- •Miscellaneous Prepositions
- •Gerunds after prepositions
- •Infinitive and gerund used with different meaning to stop
- •To remember, to forget, to regret,
- •To mean
- •To prefer
- •To like
- •To be sorry
- •To be afraid, to dread, to fear
- •To afford
- •To consider
- •To intend
- •To need
- •To advise to allow to recommend
- •To be interested
- •To imagine
- •Cannot help (used to say that it is impossible to avoid or prevent something)
- •Grammar terms glossary
Translation
Sentences with Complex Object are usually translated into Russian/Ukrainian with a subordinate clause, e.g.
Did you see the children leave for school? = Ты видел, что дети ушли в школу? / Ти бачив, що діти пішли в школу?
Cinderella saw the pumpkin turning into a carriage. = Золушка видела, как тыква превращалась в карету. / Попелюшка бачила, як гарбуз перетворювався в карету.
Group 2. Verbs of mental activity
There are quite a lot of verbs that can be used in this construction. The most frequently used verbs are as follows:
|
to think* |
to believe* |
to expect |
to suppose |
to know |
to find* |
|
to consider* |
to prefer |
to imagine* |
to suspect |
to understand |
to trust |
|
to picture |
|
|
|
|
|
Complex Object after these verbs is used in the following way:
Different forms of infinitive can be used after these verbs but non-perfect active is the most common, e.g.
I have always known Henry to be an honest man. – Я всегда знал Генри как честного человека. / Я завжди знав Генрі як чесну людину.
Everybody believed Mr. Ferdinand to have come from the south. – Все считали, что Мистер Фердинанд приехал с юга. / Усі вважали, що Містер Фердинанд приїхав з півдня.
Miss Marple believed Mary to be knitting in the next room. – Мисс Марпл полагала, что Мэри вяжет в соседней комнате. / Міс Марпл думала, що Мері в'яже в сусідній кімнаті.
Sally found the book to be rather boring. – Сэлли нашла книгу довольно скучной. / Селлі знайшла книгу досить нудною.
I believe that cigarette machines in the streets will only encourage more teenagers to smoke. = Я думаю, что машины по продаже сигарет на улицах будут только приобщать подростков к курению. / Я думаю, що машини з продажу сигарет на вулицях будуть тільки заохочувати підлітків до паління
With the verbs asterisks (*) to think, to consider, to believe, to find, to imagine either only the verb ‘to be’ is used or it can be omitted, e.g.
James thought her to be beautiful. = James thought her beautiful. = Джеймс находил ее очень красивой. / Джеймс знаходив її дуже гарною.
Imagine her to be pleased with this news. = Imagine her pleased with this news. = Представь себе, как она радуется этой новости. / Уяви собі, як вона радіє цім новинам.
They consider themselves to be Europeans. = They consider themselves Europeans. = Они считают себя европейцами. / Вони вважають себе європейцями.
In Modern English, this structure is rather literary and not very common. It is more natural to use a subordinate clause instead, e.g.
I thought Brown to be an excellent choice for the position. (very formal)
I thought that Brown was an excellent choice for the position (more natural)