- •Практична граматика англійської мови для студентів 3 курсу
- •Table of contents
- •(Verbids, verbals)
- •Categories of Finite Forms of the Verb (revision)
- •Classification of non-finite forms of the verb (verbals)
- •Verbals
- •Verbals
- •Indefinite Continuous Perfect Non-Perfect Active Passive
- •Grammatical categories of participle I
- •General Characteristic of the infinitive
- •Double nature of the infinitive
- •Verbal Features of the Infinitive
- •A: Morphological features
- •B: Syntactical features
- •Nominal features of the Infinitive
- •Other functions of the Infinitive
- •Grammatical categories of the infinitive
- •Forms of infinitive
- •The infinitive as subject
- •1. The infinitive as the subject can either:
- •Part 1
- •Infinitive as predicate
- •The infinitive as predicative
- •Part 1
- •Part 2
- •The infinitive as part of compound verbal modal predicate
- •Part 2
- •The infinitive as part of compound verbal aspect predicate
- •Not all these verbs have the same combinability:
- •To stop
- •Task 15. Use either an infinitive or a gerund or both in the sentences below.
- •Module 2 the infinitive as object
- •To remember, to forget, to regret,
- •To mean
- •To prefer
- •To like
- •To afford
- •To consider
- •To be sorry
- •To be afraid
- •Cannot help
- •Part 1
- •The infinitive as attribute
- •The infinitive as an adverbial modifier
- •1. Adverbial Modifier of Purpose (Manner)
- •Compare
- •2. Adverbial Modifier of Result or Consequence
- •3. Adverbial Modifier of Comparison
- •4. Adverbial Modifier of Subsequent Events
- •5. Adverbial Modifier of Exception
- •6. Adverbial Modifier of Condition
- •7. Adverbial Modifier of Time
- •8. Adverbial Modifier of Attendant Circumstances
- •Part 2
- •Part 2
- •Group 1. Verbs of sense perception
- •Complex Object after these verbs is used in the following way:
- •Completed action
- •Action in progress
- •Complex Object is not used:
- •Translation
- •Group 2. Verbs of mental activity
- •Complex Object after these verbs is used in the following way:
- •Group 3. Verbs of wishes, intentions and emotions
- •Complex Object after these verbs is used in the following way:
- •Group 4. Verbs of inducement
- •Complex Object after these verbs is used in the following way:
- •Bare infinitive
- •Group 5. Verb of reporting and declaring
- •Complex Object after these verbs is used in the following way:
- •Group 6. Verbs denoting order, permission, prohibition and persuasion
- •Complex Object after these verbs is used in the following way:
- •Group 7. Certain phrasal verbs
- •(The infinitive as part of a compound verbal predicate of double orientation)
- •Translation
- •Group 2. Verbs of sense perception
- •Complex Subject after these verbs is used in the following way:
- •Completed action
- •Action in progress
- •Group 3. Verbs of mental activity or perception
- •Complex Subject after these verbs is used in the following way:
- •Group 4. Verbs of reporting
- •Complex Subject after these verbs is used in the following way:
- •Group 6. Phrases with modal meaning
- •Complex Subject after these verbs is used in the following way:
- •Revision of the infinitive
- •Task 67. Paraphrase the sentences below using (if possible) one of the following constructions: a) Complex Object; b) Complex Subject; c) For-to-Infinitive Construction
- •Task 67. Replace the underlined phrases with an appropriate infinitive or infinitive construction.
- •Appendix: verbals
- •Infinitive and gerund
- •Verbs followed immediately by infinitive
- •Verbs followed by either gerund or infinitive without a change in meaning
- •Adjectives followed by infinitive
- •Set expressions used with infinitive
- •IV. Verbs commonly used with the gerund
- •Expressions always used with gerund
- •Verbs with prepositions commonly used with the gerund
- •Set phrases with prepositions commonly used with gerund
- •Gerund after certain nouns with prepositions Preposition ‘of’
- •Preposition ‘at’
- •Preposition ‘for’
- •Preposition ‘in’
- •Miscellaneous Prepositions
- •Gerunds after prepositions
- •Infinitive and gerund used with different meaning to stop
- •To remember, to forget, to regret,
- •To mean
- •To prefer
- •To like
- •To be sorry
- •To be afraid, to dread, to fear
- •To afford
- •To consider
- •To intend
- •To need
- •To advise to allow to recommend
- •To be interested
- •To imagine
- •Cannot help (used to say that it is impossible to avoid or prevent something)
- •Grammar terms glossary
Group 4. Verbs of inducement
There are not many verbs that can be used in this construction. Some of them are:
|
to make |
to have |
to get |
to induce |
to cause |
to force |
to urge |
Complex Object after these verbs is used in the following way:
The verbs ‘to make’, ‘to force’, ‘to urge’, ‘to get’, ‘to cause’ and ‘ to have’ are used in the meaning of ‘to induce’ – «заставлять»
What caused her to change her mind? = Что заставило ее изменить свое мнение? / Що змусило її змінити свою думку?
I couldn't get the engine to start. = Я не мог заставить двигатель завестись. / Я не міг змусити двигун завестися.
The photo makes her look much older than she really is. = Эта фотография делает ее старше, чем она есть. / Ця фотографія робить її старшою, ніж вона є.
The verbs ‘to make’ and ‘to have’ are used with bare infinitive and the others - with ‘to-infinitive’. Compare:
Bare infinitive
to make, e.g. The teacher made the students revise the rules before the test. = Учитель заставил студентов повторить правила перед тестом. / Учитель змусив студентів повторити правила перед тестом.
to have, e.g. Aunt Polly had Tom whitewash the fence. = Тетя Поли заставила Тома побелить забор. / Тітка Поли змусила Тома побілити паркан.
To-infinitive
to force, e.g. It infected his spine and forced him to spend months in bed. = Это инфицировало рану на позвоночнике и заставило его провести несколько месяцев в постели. / Це інфікувало рану на хребті й змусило його провести декілька місяців у ліжку.
to induce, e.g. Nothing would induce me to vote for him again. = Ничто не заставит меня голосовать за него снова. / Ніщо не змусить мене голосувати за нього знову.
to get, e.g. Can you get your students to return these books to the library right now? = Вы можете заставить ваших студентов вернуть эти книги в библиотеку прямо сейчас? / Ви можете змусити ваших студентів повернути ці книги в бібліотеку прямо зараз?
to cause, e.g. Mother caused a telegram to be sent to my brother immediately. = Мать распорядилась, чтобы телеграмма была послана брату немедленно. / Мати розпорядилася, щоб телеграма була послана братові негайно.
to urge, e.g. I got a note from Moira urging me to get in touch. = Я получил записку от Мойры, в которой она настоятельно просила меня срочно с ней связаться. / Я одержав записку від Мойри, у якій вона настійно просила мене терміново з нею зв'язатися.
Group 5. Verb of reporting and declaring
There are several verbs that can be used in this construction. Some of them are:
|
to declare |
to claim |
to report |
to announce |
to proclaim |
Complex Object after these verbs is used in the following way:
Infinitive is always used with the particle ‘to’.
Any form of infinitive can be used after these verbs, e.g.
The chairman declared the meeting to be over. – Председатель объявил собрание законченным. / Голова оголосив збори закінченими.
The journalist reported the boat to have been seen not far from the shore. – Журналист заявил, что лодку видели недалеко от берега. / Журналіст заявив, що човен бачили недалеко від берега.
The preacher pronounced Tom and Sue to be husband and wife. - Священник объявил Тома и Сью мужем и женой. / Священик оголосив Тома й Сью чоловіком і дружиною.
Mr. Bond claimed that piece of land to be his. = Мистер Бонд заявил, что тот кусок земли был его. / Містер Бонд заявив, що той шматок землі був його.