- •Acknowledgments
- •Introduction
- •Assessment Test
- •Answers to Assessment Test
- •Service Provider Networks
- •Scalability
- •Traffic Engineering
- •Quality of Service
- •MPLS Label Stack
- •Shim Header
- •MPLS Architecture
- •Control
- •Forwarding
- •MPLS Label Switching
- •MPLS Network Components
- •Device Output
- •Label-Switched Paths
- •MPLS Applications
- •MPLS and ATM
- •Overlay
- •Quality of Service
- •Traffic Engineering
- •Summary
- •Exam Essentials
- •Key Terms
- •Review Questions
- •Answers to Review Questions
- •Routing Review
- •Frame-Mode MPLS Working Example
- •Network Routing Protocol Examples
- •MPLS Step by Step
- •Label Distribution
- •Assigning Labels
- •Troubleshooting and Verification
- •Device Configuration
- •IGP Verification
- •CEF Verification
- •MPLS Verification
- •Label Distribution and Bindings
- •Binding Verification
- •Troubleshooting the Network
- •Hiding Service Provider Devices
- •Summary
- •Exam Essentials
- •Key Terms
- •Review Questions
- •Answers to Review Questions
- •Frame-Mode MPLS and ATM
- •Frame-Mode MPLS and ATM Configuration
- •Cell-Mode MPLS
- •Label Binding with ATM
- •Cell-Mode Label Switching
- •VC Merge
- •Loop Prevention
- •Cell-Mode MPLS Configuration
- •Summary
- •Exam Essentials
- •Key Terms
- •Review Questions
- •Answers to Review Questions
- •VPNs 101
- •Point-to-Point Connections
- •Virtual Private Networks
- •Categories of VPNs
- •VPN Routing
- •Peer-to-Peer VPNs
- •Optimal Routing
- •Peer-to-Peer Security
- •Peer-to-Peer VPN Routing
- •Summary
- •Exam Essentials
- •Key Terms
- •Review Questions
- •Answers to Review Questions
- •Service Provider Configuration
- •MPLS VPNs
- •Virtual Router
- •Virtual Routing and Forwarding Tables
- •MPLS Operational Overview
- •MP-BGP Configuration
- •An MPLS VPN Example
- •Route Distinguisher
- •MP-IBGP Configuration Example
- •Initial Network Configuration
- •MP-IBGP Configuration
- •Verification
- •Summary
- •Exam Essentials
- •Key Terms
- •Review Questions
- •Answers to Review Questions
- •A Review of VPNs
- •Configuring a Simple MPLS VPN
- •Configuring VRF Interfaces
- •Running RIP in an MPLS VPN
- •Configuring RIPv2 with Address-Family ipv4
- •Configuring Redistribution
- •Route Targets
- •Configuring Route Targets
- •A Review of Simple VPN Configuration
- •Configuring MPLS in the Service Provider Network
- •Simple VPN Configuration
- •Configuring the PE-CE Routing Protocol
- •Lab: Configuring an MPLS VPN
- •Configuring POP Routers
- •VPN Configuration
- •Raleigh Running-Config
- •Atlanta Running-Config
- •Peer 1 Running-Config
- •Peer 2 Running-Config
- •Verification with Ping
- •Routing Table Isolation
- •Verifying VRF Routes
- •Summary
- •Exam Essentials
- •Key Terms
- •Review Questions
- •Answers to Review Questions
- •MP-BGP and OSPF
- •A Review of OSPF
- •OSPF Router Types
- •Link State Advertisements
- •OSPF for MPLS VPNs
- •OSPF Super-Backbone
- •Preventing Routing Loops
- •Path Selection
- •MPLS VPN OSPF Lab
- •Summary
- •Exam Essentials
- •Key Terms
- •Review Questions
- •Answers to Review Questions
- •Static Routing
- •Device Configuration
- •VPN Configuration
- •Raleigh Running-Config
- •Atlanta Running-Config
- •Peer Router Configuration
- •Verification with Ping
- •Verifying Static VRF Routes
- •E-BGP and MPLS VPNs
- •Device Configuration
- •E-BGP Operation
- •AS-Override
- •VPN Configuration
- •Raleigh Running-Config
- •Atlanta Running-Config
- •Peer Router Configuration
- •Peer 1 Running-Config
- •Peer 2 Running-Config
- •Verification with Ping
- •Advanced MPLS VPN Topologies
- •Simple VPNs
- •Central Services MPLS VPN Topology
- •Overlay MPLS VPN Topology
- •Summary
- •Exam Essentials
- •Key Terms
- •Review Questions
- •Answers to Review Questions
- •Challenge Lab 1
- •MPLS
- •MP-IBGP
- •Answer to Lab 1.1
- •Answer to Lab 1.2
- •Answer to Lab 1.3
- •Challenge Lab 2
- •Tag Switching
- •MP-IBGP
- •Answer to Lab 2.1
- •Answer to Lab 2.2
- •Answer to Lab 2.3
- •Challenge Lab 3
- •VRF Configuration
- •RIPv2
- •Redistribution
- •Answer to Lab 3.1
- •Answer to Lab 3.2
- •Answer to Lab 3.3
- •Challenge Lab 4
- •VRF Configuration
- •OSPF
- •Redistribution
- •Answer to Lab 4.1
- •Answer to Lab 4.2
- •Answer to Lab 4.3
- •Challenge Lab 5
- •VRF Configuration
- •Static Routes and Redistribution
- •Answer to Lab 5.1
- •Answer to Lab 5.2
- •Challenge Lab 6
- •VRF Configuration
- •E-BGP Configuration
- •Answer to Lab 6.1
- •Answer to Lab 6.2
- •Service Provider Network Configuration with OSPF
- •Router Configuration
- •Routing Tables
- •Tags
- •Service Provider Network Configuration with IS-IS
- •Router Configuration
- •Routing Tables
- •Tag Switching Forwarding Tables
- •Glossary
426 Appendix B Service Provider Tag Switching with OSPF and IS-IS
Gateway of last resort is not set
192.168.1.0 255.255.255.255 is subnetted, 1 subnets B 192.168.1.1 [20/0] via 192.168.3.9, 00:11:45
192.168.2.0 255.255.255.255 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C192.168.2.1 is directly connected, Loopback0 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.252 is subnetted, 2 subnets
C192.168.3.8 is directly connected, Serial0
B 192.168.3.4 [20/0] via 192.168.3.9, 00:11:45
Tags
In this section, the mapping of tags to IP prefixes shows that a complete
LSP exists between the loopback addresses on the Atlanta and Raleigh POP routers. With an end-to-end LSP, the Core router only needs to examine the label, and therefore does not require full knowledge of the peer subnets.
Atlanta POP Forwarding Table
In the following output from the Atlanta POP router, you can see that a full LSP exists between the Atlanta and Raleigh POP routers:
Atlanta#show tag-switching forwarding-table |
|
|
|||
Local |
Outgoing |
Prefix |
Bytes tag |
Outgoing |
Next Hop |
tag |
tag or VC |
or Tunnel Id |
switched |
interface |
|
26 |
Pop tag |
204.134.83.2 255.255.255.255 0 |
Se0/0 |
point2point |
|
27 |
26 |
204.134.83.3 255.255.255.255 0 |
Se0/0 |
point2point |
|
28 |
Pop tag |
204.134.83.8 255.255.255.252 0 |
Se0/0 |
point2point |
Core Forwarding Table
On the Core router, labeled packets between the Atlanta and Raleigh POP routers will be label-switched, as indicated in the forwarding table:
Core#show |
tag-switching forwarding-table |
|
|
|||
Local |
Outgoing |
Prefix |
Bytes tag |
Outgoing |
Next Hop |
|
tag |
tag |
or VC |
or Tunnel Id |
switched |
interface |
|
26 |
Pop |
tag |
204.134.83.3 255.255.255.255 1753 |
Se0/0 |
point2point |
|
27 |
Pop |
tag |
204.134.83.1 255.255.255.255 1812 |
Se0/1 |
point2point |
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