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- •Acknowledgments
- •Introduction
- •Assessment Test
- •Answers to Assessment Test
- •Service Provider Networks
- •Scalability
- •Traffic Engineering
- •Quality of Service
- •MPLS Label Stack
- •Shim Header
- •MPLS Architecture
- •Control
- •Forwarding
- •MPLS Label Switching
- •MPLS Network Components
- •Device Output
- •Label-Switched Paths
- •MPLS Applications
- •MPLS and ATM
- •Overlay
- •Quality of Service
- •Traffic Engineering
- •Summary
- •Exam Essentials
- •Key Terms
- •Review Questions
- •Answers to Review Questions
- •Routing Review
- •Frame-Mode MPLS Working Example
- •Network Routing Protocol Examples
- •MPLS Step by Step
- •Label Distribution
- •Assigning Labels
- •Troubleshooting and Verification
- •Device Configuration
- •IGP Verification
- •CEF Verification
- •MPLS Verification
- •Label Distribution and Bindings
- •Binding Verification
- •Troubleshooting the Network
- •Hiding Service Provider Devices
- •Summary
- •Exam Essentials
- •Key Terms
- •Review Questions
- •Answers to Review Questions
- •Frame-Mode MPLS and ATM
- •Frame-Mode MPLS and ATM Configuration
- •Cell-Mode MPLS
- •Label Binding with ATM
- •Cell-Mode Label Switching
- •VC Merge
- •Loop Prevention
- •Cell-Mode MPLS Configuration
- •Summary
- •Exam Essentials
- •Key Terms
- •Review Questions
- •Answers to Review Questions
- •VPNs 101
- •Point-to-Point Connections
- •Virtual Private Networks
- •Categories of VPNs
- •VPN Routing
- •Peer-to-Peer VPNs
- •Optimal Routing
- •Peer-to-Peer Security
- •Peer-to-Peer VPN Routing
- •Summary
- •Exam Essentials
- •Key Terms
- •Review Questions
- •Answers to Review Questions
- •Service Provider Configuration
- •MPLS VPNs
- •Virtual Router
- •Virtual Routing and Forwarding Tables
- •MPLS Operational Overview
- •MP-BGP Configuration
- •An MPLS VPN Example
- •Route Distinguisher
- •MP-IBGP Configuration Example
- •Initial Network Configuration
- •MP-IBGP Configuration
- •Verification
- •Summary
- •Exam Essentials
- •Key Terms
- •Review Questions
- •Answers to Review Questions
- •A Review of VPNs
- •Configuring a Simple MPLS VPN
- •Configuring VRF Interfaces
- •Running RIP in an MPLS VPN
- •Configuring RIPv2 with Address-Family ipv4
- •Configuring Redistribution
- •Route Targets
- •Configuring Route Targets
- •A Review of Simple VPN Configuration
- •Configuring MPLS in the Service Provider Network
- •Simple VPN Configuration
- •Configuring the PE-CE Routing Protocol
- •Lab: Configuring an MPLS VPN
- •Configuring POP Routers
- •VPN Configuration
- •Raleigh Running-Config
- •Atlanta Running-Config
- •Peer 1 Running-Config
- •Peer 2 Running-Config
- •Verification with Ping
- •Routing Table Isolation
- •Verifying VRF Routes
- •Summary
- •Exam Essentials
- •Key Terms
- •Review Questions
- •Answers to Review Questions
- •MP-BGP and OSPF
- •A Review of OSPF
- •OSPF Router Types
- •Link State Advertisements
- •OSPF for MPLS VPNs
- •OSPF Super-Backbone
- •Preventing Routing Loops
- •Path Selection
- •MPLS VPN OSPF Lab
- •Summary
- •Exam Essentials
- •Key Terms
- •Review Questions
- •Answers to Review Questions
- •Static Routing
- •Device Configuration
- •VPN Configuration
- •Raleigh Running-Config
- •Atlanta Running-Config
- •Peer Router Configuration
- •Verification with Ping
- •Verifying Static VRF Routes
- •E-BGP and MPLS VPNs
- •Device Configuration
- •E-BGP Operation
- •AS-Override
- •VPN Configuration
- •Raleigh Running-Config
- •Atlanta Running-Config
- •Peer Router Configuration
- •Peer 1 Running-Config
- •Peer 2 Running-Config
- •Verification with Ping
- •Advanced MPLS VPN Topologies
- •Simple VPNs
- •Central Services MPLS VPN Topology
- •Overlay MPLS VPN Topology
- •Summary
- •Exam Essentials
- •Key Terms
- •Review Questions
- •Answers to Review Questions
- •Challenge Lab 1
- •MPLS
- •MP-IBGP
- •Answer to Lab 1.1
- •Answer to Lab 1.2
- •Answer to Lab 1.3
- •Challenge Lab 2
- •Tag Switching
- •MP-IBGP
- •Answer to Lab 2.1
- •Answer to Lab 2.2
- •Answer to Lab 2.3
- •Challenge Lab 3
- •VRF Configuration
- •RIPv2
- •Redistribution
- •Answer to Lab 3.1
- •Answer to Lab 3.2
- •Answer to Lab 3.3
- •Challenge Lab 4
- •VRF Configuration
- •OSPF
- •Redistribution
- •Answer to Lab 4.1
- •Answer to Lab 4.2
- •Answer to Lab 4.3
- •Challenge Lab 5
- •VRF Configuration
- •Static Routes and Redistribution
- •Answer to Lab 5.1
- •Answer to Lab 5.2
- •Challenge Lab 6
- •VRF Configuration
- •E-BGP Configuration
- •Answer to Lab 6.1
- •Answer to Lab 6.2
- •Service Provider Network Configuration with OSPF
- •Router Configuration
- •Routing Tables
- •Tags
- •Service Provider Network Configuration with IS-IS
- •Router Configuration
- •Routing Tables
- •Tag Switching Forwarding Tables
- •Glossary
Assessment Test
1.Which IOS command is necessary to globally configure MPLS on a Cisco IOS device?
A.ip mpls
B.mpls ip
C.mpls advertise labels
D.tag-switching advertise labels
2.Overlay VPNs replace ___________.
A.Full-mesh topologies
B.MPLS VPNs
C.Point-to-point connections
D.Simple VPNs
3.Which of the following OSPF LSA types is generated by an ASBR?
A.1 or 2
B.3
C.4
D.5
4.MP-BGP is typically used between which routers?
A.P routers
B.CE routers
C.PE routers
D.None of the above
Copyright ©2002 SYBEX, Inc., Alameda, CA |
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xxxvi Assessment Test
5.E-BGP neighbors must be ___________.
A.Redistributed
B.Activated
C.Upgraded
D.None of the above
6.The LIB is in the ___________.
A.Control plane
B.Forwarding plane
C.Data plane
D.None of the above
7.Which of the following commands enables VC merge on an ATM-LSR?
A.mpls ldp atm vc-merge
B.mpls ip atm vc-merge
C.mpls ip atm vc merge
D.mpls ip atm vc merge
8.After you associate an interface with a VRF, it ___________.
A.Shows up in the global routing table
B.Loses its IP address
C.Must be activated
D.None of the above
9.VRF names are ___________.
A.Not case-sensitive
B.Locally significant
C.Global in nature
D.None of the above
Copyright ©2002 SYBEX, Inc., Alameda, CA |
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Assessment Test xxxvii
10.With an MP-BGP backbone, PE routers are viewed as ___________
routers by CE OSPF routers.
A.ABR
B.ASBR
C.Internal
D.External
11.What command would you use to display the label bindings on a Cisco IOS device?
A.show mpls ip
B.show mpls forwarding-table
C.show tag forwarding-table
D.show mpls labels
12.Cell-mode MPLS ___________ the TLV.
A.Increments
B.Decrements
C.None of the above
13.In the following code snippet, what is the maximum number of routes allowed in the VRF?
ip vrf vpn-X rd 1000:1
route-target both 1000:1 maximum-routes 20 50
A.1000:1
B.20
C.50
D.None of the above
Copyright ©2002 SYBEX, Inc., Alameda, CA |
www.sybex.com |
xxxviii Assessment Test
14.In a peer-to-peer VPN, the ___________ becomes responsible for routing protocol convergence.
A.Customer
B.Service provider
C.Edge-LSR
D.PE
15.Customer routers ___________ MPLS functionality.
A.Do need
B.Do not need
C.None of the above
16.A GRE tunnel is a ___________ VPN technology.
A.Layer 1
B.Layer 2
C.Layer 3
D.None of the above
17.An LSC communicates with an ATM-LSR on which of the following virtual circuits?
A.0/1
B.0/6
C.0/32
D.0/4096
18.For static VRF routes, the next-hop IP address is ___________.
A.Mandatory
B.Optional
C.None of the above
Copyright ©2002 SYBEX, Inc., Alameda, CA |
www.sybex.com |
Assessment Test xxxix
19.The FIB is built by ___________.
A.TDP
B.LDP
C.CEF
D.LFIB
20.PE routers support a total of ___________ routing processes.
A.16
B.32
C.48
D.64
21.In an MPLS-enabled service provider core, P routers need which of the following?
A.An IGP only
B.An IGP and BGP
C.BGP only
D.BGP and OSPF
22.Which of the following commands is used to configure an export route target?
A.route-target both number
B.route-target export number
C.route-target number
D.route target both number
23.Which of the following are valid peer-to-peer VPN methods? (Choose all that apply.)
A.Dedicated router
B.Full-mesh
C.Partial-mesh
D.Shared router
Copyright ©2002 SYBEX, Inc., Alameda, CA |
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xl Assessment Test
24.Which command do you use to begin the configuration of MP-BGP?
A.rd #.#
B.ip vrf vpn_name
C.address-family vpnv4
D.address-family ipvrf
25.Which protocol does the IETF version of Cisco’s tag switching use to exchange labels between neighbors?
A.CDP
B.LDP
C.TDP
D.MDP
26.When configuring frame-mode MPLS on an ATM edge-LSR, which of the following command options is used?
A.tag-switching
B.mpls
C.point-to-point
D.cell-mode
27.Which of the following overlay VPN topologies is typically used by financial organizations?
A.Full-mesh
B.Partial-mesh
C.Hub-and-spoke
D.None of the above
28.Which of the following BGP communities is required for MPLS VPNs?
A.Standard
B.Extended
C.No communities
Copyright ©2002 SYBEX, Inc., Alameda, CA |
www.sybex.com |
Assessment Test xli
29.Which of the following commands is used to view the global PE routing table?
A.show ip route
B.show ip route vrf vpn_name
C.show ip route vpnv4 vpn_name
D.show ip route vpn_name
30.A route from another AS is advertised as an OSPF LSA Type
___________.
A.1 or 2
B.3
C.4
D.5
Copyright ©2002 SYBEX, Inc., Alameda, CA |
www.sybex.com |