- •Пособие по английскому языку
- •От автора
- •1 The Traditional Economy
- •Translate this summary of the text into English:
- •2 The Market Economy
- •Put the letters in bold in the correct order to make the right word: Advantages and disadvantages of two economies
- •Translate these sentences using the new words of the text:
- •3 The Planned Economy
- •Find answers to these questions in the text:
- •4 The Mixed Economy
- •4.2 Decide, whether these statements are true or false:
- •Complete the sentences according to the text:
- •Put the letters in bold in the correct order to make the right word: Advantages and disadvantages of two economies
- •Complete the rows of word families, as in the example (with the words which were in the texts):
- •4 Complete the sentences with correct words given below:
- •5 Money
- •Find in the text the English equivalents to the following words and word
- •Using information from the text name some advantages and drawbacks of:
- •Put the letters in bold in the correct order to make the right word:
- •Translate into the English language:
- •Answer the following questions:
- •6.3 Translate the sentences into English:
- •1 Circle the word in each group which does not fit.
- •2 Give the right word for these definitions.
- •3 Translate the following sentences.
- •4 Complete each sentence with a word or a phrase from below:
- •5 Answer these questions according to the text or from your own life experience:
- •6Write a promotional leaflet for a bank. The aim is to attract new customers and to inform existing customers about the services the bank offers. Try to use the words from the texts.
- •7 Inflation
- •7.2 Answer the following questions.
- •Translate the following sentences into English.
- •Unemployment
- •Answer the questions according to the contents of the text:
- •Translate from Russian into English.
- •9 Poverty
- •9.2Insert the following words and word combinations into the gaps in this text: five, different, relative, low-income, single parents, poverty, money, depression, school, die, to have a baby, divorce:
- •Translate the sentences from Russian into English:
- •Retell the text according to the plan (12-15 sentences)
- •Revision III ( texts 7 – 9 )
- •2 Answer these questions according to the texts or from your own life experience:
- •3 Read the following text and draw a chart for the unemployment in the two countries over the given period:
- •Wealth, Income and Inequality
- •Answer the questions:
- •Put the letters in bold in the correct order to make the right word:
- •Translate from Russian into English:
- •Less Developed Countries
- •Say, whether these sentences are true or false:
- •Translate these sentences into English:
- •Monopolies
- •Match the phrases with their definitions:
- •12.3 Insert the words and word combinations in the gaps of the text: price, danger, demand, spend, world, consumers, petrol:
- •Translate the sentences into English:
- •Revision IV ( texts 10 – 12 )
- •1 Match the words and phrases with their definitions:
- •3 Choose the correct word in the sentences:
- •Translate the following sentences:
- •The Labour Market
- •Put in the missing words into the sentences according to the text:
- •Translate the sentences into English:
- •Factors of Production
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Translate the text using a dictionary (time limit – 20 minutes):
- •Translate into English:
- •Division of Labour
- •Find in the text suitable words to the following definitions:
- •Translate into English:
- •Government Revenue and Spending
- •Match the words and their definitions:
- •Translate the text using a dictionary (time limit – 30 minutes):
- •Translate the sentences into English:
- •Revision V ( texts 13 – 16 )
- •2. Complete the sentences according to the texts:
- •Macroeconomics
- •Find a word in the text to match the definitions:
- •Translate the text using a dictionary (time limit – 40 minutes):
- •18 Fiscal Policy
- •Answer the questions to the text:
- •Fill in the gaps with the words from the text:
- •19 Monetary Policy
- •19.2 Match the words and their definitions:
- •Translate into the English language:
- •20 The Law of Demand
- •20.2 Answer the following questions to the text:
- •20.3 Translate the sentences into English:
- •21 Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply
- •21.2 Answer the questions to the text:
- •21.3 Translate the sentences into English:
- •Revision VI ( texts 17 - 21 )
- •2 Finish the sentences according to the contents of the texts:
- •3 Insert the words and word combinations into the text: income, products, measure, change, exist, population, wealth, supplies, growth:
- •Answer the questions according to the texts and from your own life experience.
- •22 The Business Cycle
- •Find a word in the text to match the definition:
- •22.3 Translate into the English language:
- •23 The Open Economy
- •23.2 Are the statements true or false? Correct the false statements:
- •24 International Trade
- •24.2 Answer the following questions:
- •24.3 Translate the sentences into English:
- •25 Economic Growth
- •25.2 Make up pairs of synonyms and antonyms from these words:
- •25.3 Translate the text using a dictionary (time limit - 40 minutes):
- •25.3 Translate the sentences into English:
- •Revision VII ( texts 22 – 25 )
- •2 Put the letters in bold in the correct order to make the right word:
- •3 Answer the questions according to the texts and from your own life experience.
- •Bibliography
Find answers to these questions in the text:
What do forces of supply and demand decide in a market economy?
What can a government in a planned economy decide about goods that are not good for health?
Why does a government in a planned economy set prices?
What do workers’ wages depend on in a planned economy?
What are the drawbacks of a planned economy?
Give some other examples of planned economies besides China and the former USSR.
Translate these sentences using the new words of the text:
Плановая экономика контролируется государством.
При плановой экономике правительство решает что и сколько производить.
У плановой экономики есть свои сильные стороны и недостатки.
При плановой экономике правительство устанавливает цены, чтобы поделить товары поровну между людьми.
При плановой экономике правительство не знало сколько производить товаров, чтобы удовлетворить спрос на эти товары.
Закон спроса и предложения не действует в условиях плановой экономики.
В государствах с плановой экономикой материальные ресурсы являются государственной собственностью.
4 The Mixed Economy
There are no examples in the world today of a completely free or a completely controlled economy. Every country operates a mixture of two systems: in the free economy of the USA there is some government control, and in the strictest planned economy there is some free enterprise.
Economies mix government control and free market values in different ways. One way is to let privately owned businesses exist alongside state run businesses. The economy becomes divided between the state sector and the private sector. The state sector often includes industries that the government thinks are important and need protection from the risks of the free market. These industries could include public transport, hospitals, schools and the postal service. The state sector can also include large industries that are important for a country’s economic health, such as oil, steel or agriculture. These are sometimes called primary industries because they provide basic materials to manufacturers.
These state sector industries use money that the government collects in taxes. Often they do not need to compete with other companies because no other company is allowed to provide the same product or service. However, many countries have recently started a process called deregulation, which means freeing up the economy to allow private businesses to compete with state-run industries. Deregulation of services like telecommunications, transport and banking has happened in many countries in recent years. The state sector should then run more efficiently in order to compete in the free market and because it now has less government protection.
Another way in which economies today are mixed is that governments put limits on free enterprise. For example, governments may decide to ban trade in certain goods if they are dangerous. Governments may also create laws to make companies trade honestly or to prevent monopolies. Governments may also regulate methods of production. They do this to guarantee that products are safe for consumers and to protect the environment. (1755)
4.1Find in the text the English equivalents to the following words and word combinations: смесь двух систем, свободное предпринимательство, ценности свободного рынка, частные предприятия, государственные предприятия, нуждаться в защите от, экономическое здоровье страны, отрасли промышленности первостепенной важности, производители, собирать налоги, сокращение объема вмешательства государства в экономику, освободить экономику, защита правительства, установить ограничения, запретить торговлю, создать законы, не допустить появления монополий, безопасный для потребителей, окружающая среда.