- •Пособие по английскому языку
- •От автора
- •1 The Traditional Economy
- •Translate this summary of the text into English:
- •2 The Market Economy
- •Put the letters in bold in the correct order to make the right word: Advantages and disadvantages of two economies
- •Translate these sentences using the new words of the text:
- •3 The Planned Economy
- •Find answers to these questions in the text:
- •4 The Mixed Economy
- •4.2 Decide, whether these statements are true or false:
- •Complete the sentences according to the text:
- •Put the letters in bold in the correct order to make the right word: Advantages and disadvantages of two economies
- •Complete the rows of word families, as in the example (with the words which were in the texts):
- •4 Complete the sentences with correct words given below:
- •5 Money
- •Find in the text the English equivalents to the following words and word
- •Using information from the text name some advantages and drawbacks of:
- •Put the letters in bold in the correct order to make the right word:
- •Translate into the English language:
- •Answer the following questions:
- •6.3 Translate the sentences into English:
- •1 Circle the word in each group which does not fit.
- •2 Give the right word for these definitions.
- •3 Translate the following sentences.
- •4 Complete each sentence with a word or a phrase from below:
- •5 Answer these questions according to the text or from your own life experience:
- •6Write a promotional leaflet for a bank. The aim is to attract new customers and to inform existing customers about the services the bank offers. Try to use the words from the texts.
- •7 Inflation
- •7.2 Answer the following questions.
- •Translate the following sentences into English.
- •Unemployment
- •Answer the questions according to the contents of the text:
- •Translate from Russian into English.
- •9 Poverty
- •9.2Insert the following words and word combinations into the gaps in this text: five, different, relative, low-income, single parents, poverty, money, depression, school, die, to have a baby, divorce:
- •Translate the sentences from Russian into English:
- •Retell the text according to the plan (12-15 sentences)
- •Revision III ( texts 7 – 9 )
- •2 Answer these questions according to the texts or from your own life experience:
- •3 Read the following text and draw a chart for the unemployment in the two countries over the given period:
- •Wealth, Income and Inequality
- •Answer the questions:
- •Put the letters in bold in the correct order to make the right word:
- •Translate from Russian into English:
- •Less Developed Countries
- •Say, whether these sentences are true or false:
- •Translate these sentences into English:
- •Monopolies
- •Match the phrases with their definitions:
- •12.3 Insert the words and word combinations in the gaps of the text: price, danger, demand, spend, world, consumers, petrol:
- •Translate the sentences into English:
- •Revision IV ( texts 10 – 12 )
- •1 Match the words and phrases with their definitions:
- •3 Choose the correct word in the sentences:
- •Translate the following sentences:
- •The Labour Market
- •Put in the missing words into the sentences according to the text:
- •Translate the sentences into English:
- •Factors of Production
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Translate the text using a dictionary (time limit – 20 minutes):
- •Translate into English:
- •Division of Labour
- •Find in the text suitable words to the following definitions:
- •Translate into English:
- •Government Revenue and Spending
- •Match the words and their definitions:
- •Translate the text using a dictionary (time limit – 30 minutes):
- •Translate the sentences into English:
- •Revision V ( texts 13 – 16 )
- •2. Complete the sentences according to the texts:
- •Macroeconomics
- •Find a word in the text to match the definitions:
- •Translate the text using a dictionary (time limit – 40 minutes):
- •18 Fiscal Policy
- •Answer the questions to the text:
- •Fill in the gaps with the words from the text:
- •19 Monetary Policy
- •19.2 Match the words and their definitions:
- •Translate into the English language:
- •20 The Law of Demand
- •20.2 Answer the following questions to the text:
- •20.3 Translate the sentences into English:
- •21 Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply
- •21.2 Answer the questions to the text:
- •21.3 Translate the sentences into English:
- •Revision VI ( texts 17 - 21 )
- •2 Finish the sentences according to the contents of the texts:
- •3 Insert the words and word combinations into the text: income, products, measure, change, exist, population, wealth, supplies, growth:
- •Answer the questions according to the texts and from your own life experience.
- •22 The Business Cycle
- •Find a word in the text to match the definition:
- •22.3 Translate into the English language:
- •23 The Open Economy
- •23.2 Are the statements true or false? Correct the false statements:
- •24 International Trade
- •24.2 Answer the following questions:
- •24.3 Translate the sentences into English:
- •25 Economic Growth
- •25.2 Make up pairs of synonyms and antonyms from these words:
- •25.3 Translate the text using a dictionary (time limit - 40 minutes):
- •25.3 Translate the sentences into English:
- •Revision VII ( texts 22 – 25 )
- •2 Put the letters in bold in the correct order to make the right word:
- •3 Answer the questions according to the texts and from your own life experience.
- •Bibliography
19.2 Match the words and their definitions:
1) central bank a) with it we compare the values of different
currencies
2) on credit b) money that you pay each month to the
bank where you took out a loan
3) exchange rate c) a special loan for people who want to buy
a house
4) mortgage d) many people buy things without paying
in cash
5) repayment e) the government bank of a country
Translate into the English language:
Денежная политика вовлекает внесение изменений в процентные ставки и контролирование обращения денег в экономике.
Процентная ставка обычно устанавливается центральным банком страны.
Центральный банк страны служит кредитором для коммерческих банков.
При покупке домов многие люди берут ипотеку из коммерческих банков.
Если процентная ставка увеличивается, ипотека становится дороже.
Если процентная ставка низка, то компании вкладывают деньги и расширяют свой бизнес, ценность национальной валюты падает, и национальные товары и услуги становятся дешевле для иностранных покупателей.
Если экспорт товаров и услуг растет, то больше денег поступает в экономику.
20 The Law of Demand
Demand is how much of the same good or service people would like to buy. The law of demand says that demand for something falls as its price rises. The reason why the law of demand works is quite obvious: the money we have is limited. If something becomes more expensive, we will have less money available to spend on our other needs. If the product or service is not a necessity, we will decide to buy less of it.
The law of demand even applies to basic necessities like water. When water becomes more expensive, people find ways to use less. When the government put higher taxes on petrol, people try not to use their cars so often. The fall in demand might be very small, but it is real.
So price has an effect on demand, but the strength of the effect varies. The strength of the price/demand relationship is called price elasticity. Economists use a simple econometric formula to measure price elasticity for a certain product in a particular market. This helps governments and companies set prices at the correct level for a particular time and plan price increases.
Other things affect demand apart from price. For example, during a very cold winter, demand for heating fuel like gas or coal will rise at any price. If the winter is unusually warm, then demand for fuel will fall. A rise or fall in people’s incomes, fashion, climate and many other things can influence demand. (1154)
20.1 Find in the text the English equivalents to the following words and word combinations: спрос, одинаковый товар, очевидный, имеющиеся в наличии деньги, другие потребности, предмет первой необходимости, облагать более высокими налогами, падение спроса, влияние, взаимосвязь, эластичность цены, измерить, определенный продукт, устанавливать цены, повлиять