- •Пособие по английскому языку
- •От автора
- •1 The Traditional Economy
- •Translate this summary of the text into English:
- •2 The Market Economy
- •Put the letters in bold in the correct order to make the right word: Advantages and disadvantages of two economies
- •Translate these sentences using the new words of the text:
- •3 The Planned Economy
- •Find answers to these questions in the text:
- •4 The Mixed Economy
- •4.2 Decide, whether these statements are true or false:
- •Complete the sentences according to the text:
- •Put the letters in bold in the correct order to make the right word: Advantages and disadvantages of two economies
- •Complete the rows of word families, as in the example (with the words which were in the texts):
- •4 Complete the sentences with correct words given below:
- •5 Money
- •Find in the text the English equivalents to the following words and word
- •Using information from the text name some advantages and drawbacks of:
- •Put the letters in bold in the correct order to make the right word:
- •Translate into the English language:
- •Answer the following questions:
- •6.3 Translate the sentences into English:
- •1 Circle the word in each group which does not fit.
- •2 Give the right word for these definitions.
- •3 Translate the following sentences.
- •4 Complete each sentence with a word or a phrase from below:
- •5 Answer these questions according to the text or from your own life experience:
- •6Write a promotional leaflet for a bank. The aim is to attract new customers and to inform existing customers about the services the bank offers. Try to use the words from the texts.
- •7 Inflation
- •7.2 Answer the following questions.
- •Translate the following sentences into English.
- •Unemployment
- •Answer the questions according to the contents of the text:
- •Translate from Russian into English.
- •9 Poverty
- •9.2Insert the following words and word combinations into the gaps in this text: five, different, relative, low-income, single parents, poverty, money, depression, school, die, to have a baby, divorce:
- •Translate the sentences from Russian into English:
- •Retell the text according to the plan (12-15 sentences)
- •Revision III ( texts 7 – 9 )
- •2 Answer these questions according to the texts or from your own life experience:
- •3 Read the following text and draw a chart for the unemployment in the two countries over the given period:
- •Wealth, Income and Inequality
- •Answer the questions:
- •Put the letters in bold in the correct order to make the right word:
- •Translate from Russian into English:
- •Less Developed Countries
- •Say, whether these sentences are true or false:
- •Translate these sentences into English:
- •Monopolies
- •Match the phrases with their definitions:
- •12.3 Insert the words and word combinations in the gaps of the text: price, danger, demand, spend, world, consumers, petrol:
- •Translate the sentences into English:
- •Revision IV ( texts 10 – 12 )
- •1 Match the words and phrases with their definitions:
- •3 Choose the correct word in the sentences:
- •Translate the following sentences:
- •The Labour Market
- •Put in the missing words into the sentences according to the text:
- •Translate the sentences into English:
- •Factors of Production
- •Answer the following questions:
- •Translate the text using a dictionary (time limit – 20 minutes):
- •Translate into English:
- •Division of Labour
- •Find in the text suitable words to the following definitions:
- •Translate into English:
- •Government Revenue and Spending
- •Match the words and their definitions:
- •Translate the text using a dictionary (time limit – 30 minutes):
- •Translate the sentences into English:
- •Revision V ( texts 13 – 16 )
- •2. Complete the sentences according to the texts:
- •Macroeconomics
- •Find a word in the text to match the definitions:
- •Translate the text using a dictionary (time limit – 40 minutes):
- •18 Fiscal Policy
- •Answer the questions to the text:
- •Fill in the gaps with the words from the text:
- •19 Monetary Policy
- •19.2 Match the words and their definitions:
- •Translate into the English language:
- •20 The Law of Demand
- •20.2 Answer the following questions to the text:
- •20.3 Translate the sentences into English:
- •21 Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply
- •21.2 Answer the questions to the text:
- •21.3 Translate the sentences into English:
- •Revision VI ( texts 17 - 21 )
- •2 Finish the sentences according to the contents of the texts:
- •3 Insert the words and word combinations into the text: income, products, measure, change, exist, population, wealth, supplies, growth:
- •Answer the questions according to the texts and from your own life experience.
- •22 The Business Cycle
- •Find a word in the text to match the definition:
- •22.3 Translate into the English language:
- •23 The Open Economy
- •23.2 Are the statements true or false? Correct the false statements:
- •24 International Trade
- •24.2 Answer the following questions:
- •24.3 Translate the sentences into English:
- •25 Economic Growth
- •25.2 Make up pairs of synonyms and antonyms from these words:
- •25.3 Translate the text using a dictionary (time limit - 40 minutes):
- •25.3 Translate the sentences into English:
- •Revision VII ( texts 22 – 25 )
- •2 Put the letters in bold in the correct order to make the right word:
- •3 Answer the questions according to the texts and from your own life experience.
- •Bibliography
Put the letters in bold in the correct order to make the right word: Advantages and disadvantages of two economies
Two kinds of cneieosom are the traditional economy and the market economy. The traditional economy exists in tseeciios where there is no trade. In this economy people do not have nomye because they do not need it. The market economy exists in societies where people buy and sell sgodo. In the market economy people need money so they can buy udostrcp.
In the traditional economy people rely on autner. They hunt and grow only the oodf they need. On the other hand, this is an advantage. These people have no reason to fight because they do not wno anything. This means they are peaceful. On the other hand, this is a disadvantage. These people are ropo. Furthermore, they cannot preoctt themselves against natural asidetssr because they have no technology. This means they often die of hunger and edesais.
In the market economy, upyspl and mdedan control what sells. This is an advantage because producers have to provide mtoursces with the quality and prices they want. However, producers need an incentive and this is oftpri. Firstly, producers pecmtoe with each other in order to sell their product and make a profit. Secondly, producers use technology in order to spend less on ubraol. This can be a disadvantage because if people do not work, they do not have money to spend on odosg. Consequently, the producer cannot make a profit.
Translate these sentences using the new words of the text:
Осенью владельцы садов собирают урожай и могут продать его на уличных рынках.
Продавцы картофеля, яблок, моркови, вишни устанавливают цены на свои фрукты и овощи.
Покупатели приходят на уличные рынки, потому что у них есть спрос на товары.
Роль компаний в свободной рыночной экономике это снабжать людей тем, что им нужно.
Конкуренция помогает контролировать цены и качество.
Компании конкурируют друг с другом за долю на рынке.
Если компания производит больше товаров с меньшими усилиями, она получает прибыль.
Современная технология помогает компаниям производить больше товаров за меньшее время и с меньшими усилиями.
Истинно свободная рыночная экономика не существует, но черты такой экономики существуют сегодня во многих обществах.
3 The Planned Economy
In many ways, the planned economy is the direct opposite of the market economy. In the market economy, the forces of supply and demand decide everything: what is produced, how much is produced, the methods of production and the price. In the planned economy, all of this is decided by the government. In every way that the market economy is free, the planned economy is controlled.
Like every economy the planned economy has its strengths and problems. The free market supplies the things that people want. However what people want and what they need are not always the same. Fast food is always in demand but it is not good for our health. In a planned economy, the government can decide to stop fast food restaurants.
A second problem with free markets is that producers always want the highest price. Often the poor can’t afford things. In a planned economy, the government sets prices. They make sure that everyone can afford basic commodities. This is one way that planned economies try to share things equally. Another is to control how much people are paid.
In a planned economy workers’ wages depend on the service they provide to society. If people can live without their service, they are paid less. In the free market someone’s salary mostly depends on the demand for his or her work. If people like what you do, you are paid more.
Before 1900, there were few examples of planned economies. During the 20th century, however, the planned economy became the standard for socialist governments like the USSR and China.
No economic system is perfect. The planned economy has many drawbacks. One of them is problems with supply. It is difficult for governments of planned economies to know exactly how much to produce to meet demand. In a market economy, when the price of a commodity rises, this indicates a rise in demand. Companies then supply more to the market. This warning system doesn’t work in a planned economy because price is controlled by the government. The result is shortages. (1674)
Find in the text the English equivalents to the following words and word combinations: прямая противоположность, силы спроса и предложения, производство, цена, правительство, снабжать, одинаковый, пользуется спросом, позволить себе, устанавливать цены, товары первой необходимости, поделить поровну, зарплата, оклад, недостатки, удовлетворять спрос, предупредительная система, нехватка (дефицит).