МИНИСТЕРСТВО СЕЛЬСКОГО ХОЗЯЙСТВА РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ
|
Кафедра иностранных языков
Б1.Б3. Иностранный язык (английский)
Методические указания для самостоятельной работы бакалавров заочного обучения
по направлению 140100 Теплотехника и теплоэнергетика
профиль Энергообеспечение предприятий
Уфа – 2012
УДК 811
ББК 81.2 Англ
М 54
Рекомендовано к изданию методической комиссией энергетического факультета Башкирского ГАУ, протокол № от ноября 2012 года
Составитель: к.с.н., доцент кафедры иностранных языков
Р.М. Нутфулина
Рецензент: к.с.н., доцент кафедры иностранных языков Р.Ф. Азметова
Ответственный за выпуск: заведующий кафедрой иностранных языков, к.ф.н., доцент О.Н. Новикова
От автора
Цель сборника – обучение бакалавров направления «Теплотехника и теплоэнергетика» развитию навыков самостоятельной и аудиторной работы над литературой по данному направлению, умению понимать и переводить научно-технические тексты, что соответствует требованиям программы по английскому языку и рассчитано на бакалавров, имеющих начальную языковую подготовку.
Все тексты подверглись адаптации и сокращению. Задания способствуют усвоению и закреплению лексики и дальнейшему развитию понимания текстов на английском языке.
Помощь при переводе текстов может оказать терминологический словарь, включенный в сборник.
Contents
|
1 Atom is a source of energy |
4 |
|
2 Energy and its forms |
4 |
|
3 Law of conservation and transformation of energy |
5 |
|
4 Heat is a form of energy |
6 |
|
5 Sources of energy |
7 |
|
6 Electric energy |
8 |
|
7 Nuclear energy |
9 |
|
8 Solar energy |
9 |
|
9 Electricity |
10 |
|
10 Magnets and electricity |
10 |
|
11 Batteries produce electricity |
11 |
|
12 Direct current and alternating current |
12 |
|
13 Conductors |
13 |
|
14 Insulators |
14 |
|
15 Transmission of electric power |
15 |
|
16 Electric lines and their efficiency |
16 |
|
17 How electricity is generated |
17 |
|
18 Electric motors |
18 |
|
English – Russian vocabulary |
20 |
1 Atom is a source of energy
The first source of energy which man made serve him was the energy of fire. Many thousand years passed before man learned how to use another source of energy — water. Then man made steam serve him; and then man had another servant — electricity. At that time it was impossible to imagine anything more perfect than electricity. But man would not and did not stop at electricity; he discovered another source of energy, many times more powerful — the atomic energy. We may be sure that discovery of atomic energy is just an episode in the history of human progress. But our age is the age of atomic nuclei which is to transform the world.
(520)
1. 1 Read the following international words: energy, atomic energy, human progress, electricity, material, nature, basic, culture, physics, practical, machine, operate, information, construct, mechanical.
2 Energy and its forms
1. Energy is the capacity for doing work. There are many forms of energy, but they can all be put into two categories: kinetic and potential. Kinetic energy is the energy of motion, while potential energy is that of position. The kinetic energy of an object is the energy that it possesses because of its speed. Any moving object performs work simply because it is moving. The quantity of energy depends on its mass and velocity. We know that the greater the mass and the velocity, the greater is the kinetic energy.
(420)
2. Kinetic energy is motion–of waves, electrons, atoms, molecules, substances, and objects.
Electrical energy is the movement of electrical charges. Everything is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are made of even smaller particles called electrons, protons, and neutrons. Electrical charges moving through a wire is called electricity. Lightning is another example of electrical energy.
Radiant energy is electromagnetic energy that travels in transverse waves. Radiant energy includes visible light, x-rays, gamma rays and radio waves. Light is one type of radiant energy. Solar energy is an example of radiant energy.
Thermal energy, or heat, is the internal energy in substances––the vibration and movement of the atoms and molecules within substances. Geothermal energy is an example of thermal energy.
Motion energy is the movement of objects and substances from one place to another. Objects and substances move when a force is applied according to Newton’s Laws of Motion. Wind is an example of motion energy.
(870)
3. Potential energy is stored energy and the energy of position ––gravitational energy. There are several forms of potential energy.
Chemical energy is energy stored in the bonds of atoms and molecules. It is the energy that holds these particles together. Biomass, petroleum, natural gas, and propane are examples of stored chemical energy.
Stored mechanical energy is energy stored in objects by the application of a force. Compressed springs and stretched rubber bands are examples of stored mechanical energy.
Nuclear energy is energy stored in the nucleus of an atom––the energy that holds the nucleus together. The energy can be released when the nuclei are combined or split apart. Hydropower, such as water in a reservoir behind a dam, is an example of gravitational potential energy.
(660)