- •Оглавление
- •1. Общий вопрос (General question).
- •2.Специальный вопрос (Special question).
- •3.Альтернативный вопрос (Alternative question).
- •4. Разделительный вопрос (Disjunctive question).
- •1. Read and translate the text
- •2. Try to guess the meaning of the following words. Use the dictionary if you need:
- •Read the text and find new words from the text.
- •Read the text again and translate the first paragraph:
- •3. Read the text again and find the main idea of each paragraph.
- •5. Read the text again and complete the following sentences:
- •6. Read the following statements and say whether they are true or false. Correct the false statements:
- •1. Discuss the following:
- •2. Try to guess the meaning of the following words. Use the dictionary if you need:
- •3. Match the following words with their Russian equivalents:
- •1. Reading for general understanding. Skim read the text. Think of a good title for it. Compare it with other students' titles.
- •V. I. Bazhenov (1737 - 1799)
- •1. Discuss the following:
- •2. Try to guess the meaning of the following words. Use the dictionary if you need:
- •3 Match the following words with their Russian equivalents:
- •Read the text and find new words from the text.
- •Reading for general understanding. Skim read the Wet. Think of a good title for it. Compare it with other students' titles.
- •Read and translate the third paragraph from the text:
- •Read the text again and find the main idea of each paragraph.
- •6. Read the text again and complete the following sentences:
- •7. Read the following statements and say whether they are true or false. Correct the false statements:
- •III. Answer the questions.
- •1. Discuss the following:
- •2. Make up your own sentences with the following words:
- •1. Reading for general understanding. Skim read the text. Think of a good title for it.
- •Read the text again and translate it.
- •4. Read the following statements and say whether they are true or false. Correct the false statements:
- •5. Copy and complete this table by putting ticks in the boxes to show the functions of the components:
- •6. Read the text again and complete the following sentences:
- •Find all the sentences from the text in the Passive Voice. Copy them in your exercise-books.
- •Make the following sentences negative and put into the interrogative form:
- •Exercise 2. A few explanations to the text.
- •Exercise 3. Vocabulary. Learn by heart the following words and expressions.
- •Exercise 4.
- •Exercise 5. Learn to recognize international words. Give Russian equivalents to the following words without a dictionary
- •1. Discuss the following:
- •2. Try to guess the meaning of the following words. Use the dictionary if you need:
- •3. Match the following words with their Russian equivalents:
- •Read the text and find new words from the text.
- •Beading for specific information. Read the text, choose a right word.
- •Read and translate about reinforced concrete.
- •4. Read the text again and find the main idea of each paragraph.
- •5. Read the text once more. Recognize all the sentences, relating to a particular paragraph.
- •6. Reading for general meaning. Read the text and answer the following questions to the text:
- •Read the text again and find the main idea of each paragraph.
- •9. Read the following statements and say whether they are true or false. Correct the false statements:
- •1. Write all the following nouns in plural:
- •3. Make the following sentences negative and put into the interrogative form:
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Частью сказуемого:
- •1. Discuss the following:
- •2. Match the following words with their Russian equivalents:
- •3. Make up your own sentences with the following words:
- •6. Read the text again and complete the following sentences:
- •7. Read the following statements and say whether they are true or false. Correct the false statements:
- •8. Match the parts of the following sentences:
- •Write down all the nouns from the text in plural.
- •Make the following sentences negative and put into the interrogative form:
- •3. Write the following words in the correct order to make sentences and translate them into Russian:
- •Make up a plan to the text.
- •Imagine you are a future skilled engineer. Say some words about properties of materials. Your talk should include 15—20 phrases.
- •1. Write all the following nouns in plural:
- •4. Write all the complex sentences from the text and translate them.
- •Reinforced-concrete elements production Before-Reading
- •5. Read the text again and choose a right word:
- •6. Read the following statements and say whether they are true of false. Correct the false statements:
- •7. Read the text again and complete the following sentences:
- •4. Read the following statements and say whether they are true or false, Correct the false statements:
- •5. Read the text again and complete the following sentences with the name of a building trade:
- •2. Write the following words in the correct order to make sentences and translate them into Russian:
- •3. Find and translate all the sentences containing the following words:
- •4. Read the text again and find the main idea of each paragraph.
- •5. Reading for general understanding. Read the text again and answer the following questions to the text:
- •6. Read the following statements and say whether they are true of false. Correct the false statements:
- •1. Choose suitable Russian words to English terms. Explain their meaning
- •2. Сhoose suitable English words to Russian terms. Make your own sentences.
- •3. Read the text. Mark which paragraphs devote to the title of the text
- •4. Find correct Russian translation of English words. Compose sentences with them on the topic of the text. Find unnecessary words
- •5. Define which of these statements contain the main idea of the text
- •6.Put these sentences in order according to the text
- •7. Find the correct answer to these questions. Prove your opinion
- •8. Which paragraphs deal with these questions? Give brief explanations to each of them
- •9. Which of these sentences explain the work of heating and which ones -ventilation?
- •10. Prove these statements, add some more information from the text
- •11. Compose pairs of words from English and Russian synonyms. Explain their meaning
- •12. Read the text. Mark which paragraphs devote to the title of the text
- •14. Mark which paragraphs these titles belong to. Place them in order according to the text
- •15. Finish these sentences
- •16.Divide these sentences into three groups
- •18.Change these words into another part of speech
- •Причастие (theparticiple)
- •1.Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на причастия.
- •2. Translate the following word-combinations in accord to the given models:
- •3.Замените придаточные предложения причины причастными оборотами.
- •4.Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Participle или Perfect Participle.
- •1. Choose suitable translation of English words from Russian ones. Compose sentences with them on the topic of the text
- •2. Chose the translation of bold type (выделенных) words.
- •3.Point which of these sentences have the main idea of the text. Explain your point of view
- •4. Which of these statements contain the basic of the text. Put them in accordance with the context
- •5. Add these sentences with correct variant according to the text. Using as a plan speak briefly about Water Supply
- •6. Fill this table due to points of the topic Sanitary engineering
- •7.Using information from the texts and this table compose a dialogue "Service engineers " for three persons. Discuss process of equipment of any new-built structure with all modern conveniences
- •Список литературы
9. Which of these sentences explain the work of heating and which ones -ventilation?
1. This branch of engineering is concerned with supply and removal of air with emphasis on contamination of the latter. 2. This system consists of the boilers and a system of pipes connected with radiators located in rooms. 3. There is a certain method of introducing heat to rooms in which the emitting surfaces are usually completely concealed in the floor, walls or ceilings. 4. This branch of engineering has gradually come to be associated with cleaning of air.
10. Prove these statements, add some more information from the text
1. As for fuels we use for heating buildings, they include coal, oil, manufactured and natural gases. 2. Some time elapses between the moment the steam gives up its heat to the radiators and the time the cooling of the steam condenses it to water. 3. Industrial buildings often present special problems which the designers find most difficult to solve. 4. There are certain industrial processes we know to be accompanied by the production of air-born dust. 5. Were all-year air-conditioning systems set up, all the processes required for winter and summer air conditioning could be performed. 6. Floor panel heating we so often find in one-story and base-mentless structures is of great comfort and low installation cost. 7. Some old concepts of heating were gradually changed since engineers obtained more precise knowledge about the heat the human body loses.
11. Compose pairs of words from English and Russian synonyms. Explain their meaning
air conditioning 1. Жилые дома
environment 2. Тщательное регулирование
close control 3. Отопление помещения
provide 4. установки
supply fair 5. Окружающая среда
removal fair 6. Кондиционирование воздуха
contaminated air 7. обеспечивать
space heating 8. Вывод воздуха
residential buildings 9. Загрязненный воздух
installations 10. Подача воздуха
12. Read the text. Mark which paragraphs devote to the title of the text
ALL-YEAR AIR CONDITIONING, VENTILATION, GAS SUPPLY
(1) Air conditioning implies the control of temperature, humidity, purity and
motion of the air in an enclosure. In our modem world of science and highly developed technology air conditioning is of a great significance for industrial processes as well as for human comfort. As an example it must be mentioned that during the manufacture of extremely delicate equipment such as inertial guidance systems for rockets, airplanes or submarines both temperature and humidity must be closely controlled and air purity provided at an extremely high level.
(2) Air conditioning for human comfort is employed in both large and small installations, such as theatres, office buildings, department stores, residences, airplanes, railways, cars and submarines. According to their purpose air conditioning systems may be described as winter, summer and all year systems. Considering their basic design they are called unit or central air conditioners.
(3) All-year air-conditioning systems must provide means for performing all the processes required for winter and summer air conditioning. The basic pieces of equipment are the filters, preheat coils, humidifiers, dehumidifiers, reheat coils, additional cooling coils, fans and controls. The control of air purity can be achieved in various degrees. As a minimum control some sort of filtering must be done near the entrance of the air-conditioning system. Possibly the most efficient filtering device is the electrostatic precipitator.
(4) In order to establish the size and operational requirements of an air-conditioning system, the maximum probable heating and co-demands have to be calculated. The maximum probable heating demand is usually for winter air conditioning and it involves heating and humidifying. The maximum probable cooling demand is generally for summer applications and requires cooling and dehumidifying. The inside design conditions depend entirely upon the purpose for which air conditioning is used. Certain industrial process requirements and human comfort are the two major factors to be considered. With ever increasing tendencies to use air-conditioning a building engineer must have sound knowledge of the subject.
(5) As far as ventilation is concerned the modern theory to this effect can be summed up in the statement that for places of general assembly the purpose of ventilation is to carry away excess heat and odors and that normally 10 cu. ft per minute of outside air per person is sufficient to accomplish this objective. In buildings such as homes, the leakage of air through cracks in doors and windows is usually sufficient to meet this requirement. Although ventilation was formerly concerned with the supply of fresh air to and the removal of hot and contaminated air from the space it gradually came to be associated with cleaning of air.
(6) Industrial buildings often present special problems in ventilation. There are certain industrial processes that are accompanied by the production of air-born dust, fumes, toxic vapors and gases which are hazardous to the health of workers. Three types of ventilation are in use so that to control dangerous gases and dusts: exhaust systems, dilution systems and combinations of both. The contaminated air is exhausted at high velocity from hoods which have sufficient entrance velocity to pick up the contaminants.
(7) Another indispensable part of modem amenities is gas supply. It has come now to be of a very wide use. With an intensive exploration of finding natural gas it has gradually replaced the manufacture in its utilization. At the present time natural gas is put to large-scale economic use. The principal utilization of natural gas is as a clean, convenient, economical source of heat. In homes it is used for cooking, water heating, refrigeration for food as well as for space heating. Nowadays most of the homes are heated by natural gas and the number of gas-supplied homes was increasing at a rate limited chiefly by the ability of the steel industry to produce the pipe through which the gas is transported. Natural gas supply is used also as a heat source in commercial establishments such as restaurants and bakeries for cooking and in stores, offices and other commercial buildings for heating and comfort cooling.
Tasks after reading:
13. Find correct Russian translation of English terms. Compose sentences with them on the topic of the text
modern удобство
human скопление (людей)
technology особый
to manufacture современный
comfort человеческий
residence стремление
tendency связывать
assembly естественный
associate техника
specialпроизводить
naturalжилище