- •Оглавление
- •1. Общий вопрос (General question).
- •2.Специальный вопрос (Special question).
- •3.Альтернативный вопрос (Alternative question).
- •4. Разделительный вопрос (Disjunctive question).
- •1. Read and translate the text
- •2. Try to guess the meaning of the following words. Use the dictionary if you need:
- •Read the text and find new words from the text.
- •Read the text again and translate the first paragraph:
- •3. Read the text again and find the main idea of each paragraph.
- •5. Read the text again and complete the following sentences:
- •6. Read the following statements and say whether they are true or false. Correct the false statements:
- •1. Discuss the following:
- •2. Try to guess the meaning of the following words. Use the dictionary if you need:
- •3. Match the following words with their Russian equivalents:
- •1. Reading for general understanding. Skim read the text. Think of a good title for it. Compare it with other students' titles.
- •V. I. Bazhenov (1737 - 1799)
- •1. Discuss the following:
- •2. Try to guess the meaning of the following words. Use the dictionary if you need:
- •3 Match the following words with their Russian equivalents:
- •Read the text and find new words from the text.
- •Reading for general understanding. Skim read the Wet. Think of a good title for it. Compare it with other students' titles.
- •Read and translate the third paragraph from the text:
- •Read the text again and find the main idea of each paragraph.
- •6. Read the text again and complete the following sentences:
- •7. Read the following statements and say whether they are true or false. Correct the false statements:
- •III. Answer the questions.
- •1. Discuss the following:
- •2. Make up your own sentences with the following words:
- •1. Reading for general understanding. Skim read the text. Think of a good title for it.
- •Read the text again and translate it.
- •4. Read the following statements and say whether they are true or false. Correct the false statements:
- •5. Copy and complete this table by putting ticks in the boxes to show the functions of the components:
- •6. Read the text again and complete the following sentences:
- •Find all the sentences from the text in the Passive Voice. Copy them in your exercise-books.
- •Make the following sentences negative and put into the interrogative form:
- •Exercise 2. A few explanations to the text.
- •Exercise 3. Vocabulary. Learn by heart the following words and expressions.
- •Exercise 4.
- •Exercise 5. Learn to recognize international words. Give Russian equivalents to the following words without a dictionary
- •1. Discuss the following:
- •2. Try to guess the meaning of the following words. Use the dictionary if you need:
- •3. Match the following words with their Russian equivalents:
- •Read the text and find new words from the text.
- •Beading for specific information. Read the text, choose a right word.
- •Read and translate about reinforced concrete.
- •4. Read the text again and find the main idea of each paragraph.
- •5. Read the text once more. Recognize all the sentences, relating to a particular paragraph.
- •6. Reading for general meaning. Read the text and answer the following questions to the text:
- •Read the text again and find the main idea of each paragraph.
- •9. Read the following statements and say whether they are true or false. Correct the false statements:
- •1. Write all the following nouns in plural:
- •3. Make the following sentences negative and put into the interrogative form:
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Частью сказуемого:
- •1. Discuss the following:
- •2. Match the following words with their Russian equivalents:
- •3. Make up your own sentences with the following words:
- •6. Read the text again and complete the following sentences:
- •7. Read the following statements and say whether they are true or false. Correct the false statements:
- •8. Match the parts of the following sentences:
- •Write down all the nouns from the text in plural.
- •Make the following sentences negative and put into the interrogative form:
- •3. Write the following words in the correct order to make sentences and translate them into Russian:
- •Make up a plan to the text.
- •Imagine you are a future skilled engineer. Say some words about properties of materials. Your talk should include 15—20 phrases.
- •1. Write all the following nouns in plural:
- •4. Write all the complex sentences from the text and translate them.
- •Reinforced-concrete elements production Before-Reading
- •5. Read the text again and choose a right word:
- •6. Read the following statements and say whether they are true of false. Correct the false statements:
- •7. Read the text again and complete the following sentences:
- •4. Read the following statements and say whether they are true or false, Correct the false statements:
- •5. Read the text again and complete the following sentences with the name of a building trade:
- •2. Write the following words in the correct order to make sentences and translate them into Russian:
- •3. Find and translate all the sentences containing the following words:
- •4. Read the text again and find the main idea of each paragraph.
- •5. Reading for general understanding. Read the text again and answer the following questions to the text:
- •6. Read the following statements and say whether they are true of false. Correct the false statements:
- •1. Choose suitable Russian words to English terms. Explain their meaning
- •2. Сhoose suitable English words to Russian terms. Make your own sentences.
- •3. Read the text. Mark which paragraphs devote to the title of the text
- •4. Find correct Russian translation of English words. Compose sentences with them on the topic of the text. Find unnecessary words
- •5. Define which of these statements contain the main idea of the text
- •6.Put these sentences in order according to the text
- •7. Find the correct answer to these questions. Prove your opinion
- •8. Which paragraphs deal with these questions? Give brief explanations to each of them
- •9. Which of these sentences explain the work of heating and which ones -ventilation?
- •10. Prove these statements, add some more information from the text
- •11. Compose pairs of words from English and Russian synonyms. Explain their meaning
- •12. Read the text. Mark which paragraphs devote to the title of the text
- •14. Mark which paragraphs these titles belong to. Place them in order according to the text
- •15. Finish these sentences
- •16.Divide these sentences into three groups
- •18.Change these words into another part of speech
- •Причастие (theparticiple)
- •1.Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на причастия.
- •2. Translate the following word-combinations in accord to the given models:
- •3.Замените придаточные предложения причины причастными оборотами.
- •4.Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Participle или Perfect Participle.
- •1. Choose suitable translation of English words from Russian ones. Compose sentences with them on the topic of the text
- •2. Chose the translation of bold type (выделенных) words.
- •3.Point which of these sentences have the main idea of the text. Explain your point of view
- •4. Which of these statements contain the basic of the text. Put them in accordance with the context
- •5. Add these sentences with correct variant according to the text. Using as a plan speak briefly about Water Supply
- •6. Fill this table due to points of the topic Sanitary engineering
- •7.Using information from the texts and this table compose a dialogue "Service engineers " for three persons. Discuss process of equipment of any new-built structure with all modern conveniences
- •Список литературы
1. Discuss the following:
The development of the metallurgical and machine-building industry made possible mass production of materials, did not it? Prove your own point of view.
What advantages do all materials have?
2. Match the following words with their Russian equivalents:
Ensity • вес
weight • количество
a volume • объем
an amount • плотность
stiffness • жесткость
rigidity • твердость
a force • сила
strength • прочность
3. Make up your own sentences with the following words:
density (плотность), weight (пес), volume (объем), stiffness (жесткость), to yield strength (поддерживать опору,), fracture (предел текучести), break (перелом, излом), ductility (ковкость),
brittle (хрупкий), toughness (прочность), resistance (сопротивление), crack (трещина), creep resistance (устойчивость к ползучести), gradual (постепенный), permanent (постоянный), engine (двигатель).
While-Reading
Read the text and find new words from the text.
Read the text. Find and translate all the sentences, containing the following words:
engine
permanent
change
shape
crack
creep
resistance
gradual
toughness
brittle
ductility
3. Reading for specific information. Read the text, choose a right word.
4. Reading for. general meaning. Read the text and answer the following questions to the text:
• Is density (specific weight) the amount of mass in a unit volume?
• Is it measured in kilograms per cubic meter?
Is .density important in any application where the material must not be heavy?
Is stiffness (rigidity) a measure of the resistance to deformation such as stretching or bending?
Is strength the force per unit area (stress) that a material can support without failing?
Is toughness the resistance of a material to breaking when there is a crack in it?
Is creep resistance the resistance to a gradual permanent change of shape?
Density(specific weight) is the amount of {mass, quality) in a unit volume. It is measured in (kilograms, distances) per cubic meter. The density of water is 1000 kg/m3 but most {materials, kinds) have a higher density. Aluminium alloys, with typical densities around 2800 kg/m3 are considerably less dense than steels, which have typical densities around 7800 kg/m3. (Density, class) is important in any application where the material must not be heavy.
Stiffness(rigidity) is a (measure, glass) of the resistance to deformation such as stretching or bending. The Young modulus is a measure of the resistance to (simple, different) stretching or compression. It is the ratio of the applied force per unit area (stress) to the fractional elastic deformation (strain). (Stiffness, Density) is important when a rigid (structure, house) is to be made.
Strength is the (force, column) per unit area (stress) that a material can support without failing. The units are the same as those of stiffness, but in this case the (deformation, local) is irreversible. The yield strength is the (stress, point) at which a material first deforms plastically. For a (metal, water) the yield strength may be less than the fracture strength. It is the (stress, metal) at which it breaks. Many materials have a higher (strength, work) in compression than in tension.
Ductility is the ability of a (material, column) to deform without breaking. One of the great (advantages, styles) of metals is their ability to be formed into the (shape , part) that is needed, such as car body parts. Materials that are not ductile are brittle. Ductile materials can absorb energy by (deformation, assignation) but brittle materials cannot.
Toughness is the (resistance, deformation) of a material to breaking when there is a crack in it. For a material of given toughness, the stress at which it will fail is inversely proportional to the square root of the size of the largest (defect, form) present. (Toughness, importance) is different from strength. For example, the toughest steels are different from the ones with the highest tensile strength. (Brittle, easy) materials have low toughness. For example, glass can be broken along a chosen line by first scratching it with a diamond. Composites can be designed to have considerably greater (toughness, flexible) than their constituent materials. The example of a very tough composite is (fiberglass, idea) that is very flexible and strong.
Creep resistance is the (resistance, part) to a gradual permanent change of a shape, and it becomes .especially important at higher (temperatures, speeds). A successful research has been made iri (materials, classes) for machine parts that operate at high temperatures and under high tensile forces without gradually extending. For example, they can be the (parts, ways) of plane engines.