- •Оглавление
- •1. Общий вопрос (General question).
- •2.Специальный вопрос (Special question).
- •3.Альтернативный вопрос (Alternative question).
- •4. Разделительный вопрос (Disjunctive question).
- •1. Read and translate the text
- •2. Try to guess the meaning of the following words. Use the dictionary if you need:
- •Read the text and find new words from the text.
- •Read the text again and translate the first paragraph:
- •3. Read the text again and find the main idea of each paragraph.
- •5. Read the text again and complete the following sentences:
- •6. Read the following statements and say whether they are true or false. Correct the false statements:
- •1. Discuss the following:
- •2. Try to guess the meaning of the following words. Use the dictionary if you need:
- •3. Match the following words with their Russian equivalents:
- •1. Reading for general understanding. Skim read the text. Think of a good title for it. Compare it with other students' titles.
- •V. I. Bazhenov (1737 - 1799)
- •1. Discuss the following:
- •2. Try to guess the meaning of the following words. Use the dictionary if you need:
- •3 Match the following words with their Russian equivalents:
- •Read the text and find new words from the text.
- •Reading for general understanding. Skim read the Wet. Think of a good title for it. Compare it with other students' titles.
- •Read and translate the third paragraph from the text:
- •Read the text again and find the main idea of each paragraph.
- •6. Read the text again and complete the following sentences:
- •7. Read the following statements and say whether they are true or false. Correct the false statements:
- •III. Answer the questions.
- •1. Discuss the following:
- •2. Make up your own sentences with the following words:
- •1. Reading for general understanding. Skim read the text. Think of a good title for it.
- •Read the text again and translate it.
- •4. Read the following statements and say whether they are true or false. Correct the false statements:
- •5. Copy and complete this table by putting ticks in the boxes to show the functions of the components:
- •6. Read the text again and complete the following sentences:
- •Find all the sentences from the text in the Passive Voice. Copy them in your exercise-books.
- •Make the following sentences negative and put into the interrogative form:
- •Exercise 2. A few explanations to the text.
- •Exercise 3. Vocabulary. Learn by heart the following words and expressions.
- •Exercise 4.
- •Exercise 5. Learn to recognize international words. Give Russian equivalents to the following words without a dictionary
- •1. Discuss the following:
- •2. Try to guess the meaning of the following words. Use the dictionary if you need:
- •3. Match the following words with their Russian equivalents:
- •Read the text and find new words from the text.
- •Beading for specific information. Read the text, choose a right word.
- •Read and translate about reinforced concrete.
- •4. Read the text again and find the main idea of each paragraph.
- •5. Read the text once more. Recognize all the sentences, relating to a particular paragraph.
- •6. Reading for general meaning. Read the text and answer the following questions to the text:
- •Read the text again and find the main idea of each paragraph.
- •9. Read the following statements and say whether they are true or false. Correct the false statements:
- •1. Write all the following nouns in plural:
- •3. Make the following sentences negative and put into the interrogative form:
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Частью сказуемого:
- •1. Discuss the following:
- •2. Match the following words with their Russian equivalents:
- •3. Make up your own sentences with the following words:
- •6. Read the text again and complete the following sentences:
- •7. Read the following statements and say whether they are true or false. Correct the false statements:
- •8. Match the parts of the following sentences:
- •Write down all the nouns from the text in plural.
- •Make the following sentences negative and put into the interrogative form:
- •3. Write the following words in the correct order to make sentences and translate them into Russian:
- •Make up a plan to the text.
- •Imagine you are a future skilled engineer. Say some words about properties of materials. Your talk should include 15—20 phrases.
- •1. Write all the following nouns in plural:
- •4. Write all the complex sentences from the text and translate them.
- •Reinforced-concrete elements production Before-Reading
- •5. Read the text again and choose a right word:
- •6. Read the following statements and say whether they are true of false. Correct the false statements:
- •7. Read the text again and complete the following sentences:
- •4. Read the following statements and say whether they are true or false, Correct the false statements:
- •5. Read the text again and complete the following sentences with the name of a building trade:
- •2. Write the following words in the correct order to make sentences and translate them into Russian:
- •3. Find and translate all the sentences containing the following words:
- •4. Read the text again and find the main idea of each paragraph.
- •5. Reading for general understanding. Read the text again and answer the following questions to the text:
- •6. Read the following statements and say whether they are true of false. Correct the false statements:
- •1. Choose suitable Russian words to English terms. Explain their meaning
- •2. Сhoose suitable English words to Russian terms. Make your own sentences.
- •3. Read the text. Mark which paragraphs devote to the title of the text
- •4. Find correct Russian translation of English words. Compose sentences with them on the topic of the text. Find unnecessary words
- •5. Define which of these statements contain the main idea of the text
- •6.Put these sentences in order according to the text
- •7. Find the correct answer to these questions. Prove your opinion
- •8. Which paragraphs deal with these questions? Give brief explanations to each of them
- •9. Which of these sentences explain the work of heating and which ones -ventilation?
- •10. Prove these statements, add some more information from the text
- •11. Compose pairs of words from English and Russian synonyms. Explain their meaning
- •12. Read the text. Mark which paragraphs devote to the title of the text
- •14. Mark which paragraphs these titles belong to. Place them in order according to the text
- •15. Finish these sentences
- •16.Divide these sentences into three groups
- •18.Change these words into another part of speech
- •Причастие (theparticiple)
- •1.Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на причастия.
- •2. Translate the following word-combinations in accord to the given models:
- •3.Замените придаточные предложения причины причастными оборотами.
- •4.Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Participle или Perfect Participle.
- •1. Choose suitable translation of English words from Russian ones. Compose sentences with them on the topic of the text
- •2. Chose the translation of bold type (выделенных) words.
- •3.Point which of these sentences have the main idea of the text. Explain your point of view
- •4. Which of these statements contain the basic of the text. Put them in accordance with the context
- •5. Add these sentences with correct variant according to the text. Using as a plan speak briefly about Water Supply
- •6. Fill this table due to points of the topic Sanitary engineering
- •7.Using information from the texts and this table compose a dialogue "Service engineers " for three persons. Discuss process of equipment of any new-built structure with all modern conveniences
- •Список литературы
1. Discuss the following:
What types of material do you know?
What kind of material is used in Russia?
2. Try to guess the meaning of the following words. Use the dictionary if you need:
ordinary brick
mechanical properties
mass production
• reinforced concrete elements
• volume weight
properties of the materials
diverse properties
3. Match the following words with their Russian equivalents:
mass production •растягивающее напряжение
reinforced concrete elements • хрупкий
compressive loads • теплопроводность
bending loads • жесткий
brittle • смола
• thermal conductivity • сжимающие нагрузки
volume weight • изгибающие нагрузки
rigid • железобетонные элементы
wide application • приятный внешний вид
construction site • широкое применение
mechanical properties • строительная площадка
While-Reading
Read the text and find new words from the text.
Beading for specific information. Read the text, choose a right word.
Read and translate about reinforced concrete.
Which (material, part) can be used to the best advantage for a particular part of the (building, hospital) depends on the kind of load to which it is subjected and on the shape of the part. The (development, increase) of the metallurgical and machine-building industries made possible (mass, water) production of prefabricated large-size concrete and reinforced concrete structural elements. It is the most advantageous to employ reinforced (concrete, floor) in such structural elements. Using prefabricated or precast elements, (builders, teachers) perform a considerable amount of building work at a factory where highly organized and mechanized (technological, mechanical) processes of production are practiced.
Reinforced concrete is a building (material, window) in which the joint functions of concrete and steel are advantageously utilized. Being brittle, concrete cannot withstand pensile stresses, and it cannot therefore be (used, cleaned) in structures subjected to tensile stresses under load. But if steel is introduced into concrete it changes the property of the (monolith, desk). Like any other (stone, light) material, concrete offers a good resistance to compressive loads.
In service two oppositely directed stresses appear in (reinforced, difficult) elements fully withstand bending loads. There are two kinds of reinforced concrete: with ordinary reinforcement and (concrete, paper) with pressed reinforcement. To reinforce ordinary concrete (structures, ideas) is to introduce steel rods in stretched zones of concrete elements. (Reinforced-concrete, easy) structures and elements are widely used both for residential houses and industrial (buildings, machines). Depending on the application of reinforced-concrete structures all kinds of (concrete, flag) such as heavy, light and heat insulating may be employed.
In many cases bricks are very satisfactory for using in the (construction, school). (Bricks, doors) generally present a pleasing appearance and can be obtained with various qualities, (colours, meters) and textures. Being of a high volume weight and high thermal conductivity, ordinary brick is not always satisfactory in a (building, medicine) practice. There are other kinds of bricks which are more effective, they are (light-weight, high volume weight) building bricks, hollow or porous bricks. Light-weight building bricks differ from ordinary clay bricks in a lower (volume weight, cost) and lower thermal conductivity, and are more economical than ordinary bricks.
One of the most significant (facts, children), dealing with both industries of synthetics and plastics. (Plastics, water) has appeared comparatively recently but, owing to their inherent valuable and diverse properties, has found a wide application in many industrial (fields, boxes) (machine-building, radiation, textile industry, etc.). (Application, force) of plastics in the building field widens from year to year. In respect to physical and mechanical properties at a normal temperature of 20 °C all (plastics, bricks) are divided into rigid, semi-rigid, soft. In respect to the number of constituents plastics may be classified as simple and complex. (Plastics, things) consisting of one polymer are referred to as simple. Thus, organic glass (plexiglass) consists of one synthetic resin. But in the building field we usually deal with (complex, metal) plastics, e.g. plastics consisting of a polymer and other components.