- •Оглавление
- •1. Общий вопрос (General question).
- •2.Специальный вопрос (Special question).
- •3.Альтернативный вопрос (Alternative question).
- •4. Разделительный вопрос (Disjunctive question).
- •1. Read and translate the text
- •2. Try to guess the meaning of the following words. Use the dictionary if you need:
- •Read the text and find new words from the text.
- •Read the text again and translate the first paragraph:
- •3. Read the text again and find the main idea of each paragraph.
- •5. Read the text again and complete the following sentences:
- •6. Read the following statements and say whether they are true or false. Correct the false statements:
- •1. Discuss the following:
- •2. Try to guess the meaning of the following words. Use the dictionary if you need:
- •3. Match the following words with their Russian equivalents:
- •1. Reading for general understanding. Skim read the text. Think of a good title for it. Compare it with other students' titles.
- •V. I. Bazhenov (1737 - 1799)
- •1. Discuss the following:
- •2. Try to guess the meaning of the following words. Use the dictionary if you need:
- •3 Match the following words with their Russian equivalents:
- •Read the text and find new words from the text.
- •Reading for general understanding. Skim read the Wet. Think of a good title for it. Compare it with other students' titles.
- •Read and translate the third paragraph from the text:
- •Read the text again and find the main idea of each paragraph.
- •6. Read the text again and complete the following sentences:
- •7. Read the following statements and say whether they are true or false. Correct the false statements:
- •III. Answer the questions.
- •1. Discuss the following:
- •2. Make up your own sentences with the following words:
- •1. Reading for general understanding. Skim read the text. Think of a good title for it.
- •Read the text again and translate it.
- •4. Read the following statements and say whether they are true or false. Correct the false statements:
- •5. Copy and complete this table by putting ticks in the boxes to show the functions of the components:
- •6. Read the text again and complete the following sentences:
- •Find all the sentences from the text in the Passive Voice. Copy them in your exercise-books.
- •Make the following sentences negative and put into the interrogative form:
- •Exercise 2. A few explanations to the text.
- •Exercise 3. Vocabulary. Learn by heart the following words and expressions.
- •Exercise 4.
- •Exercise 5. Learn to recognize international words. Give Russian equivalents to the following words without a dictionary
- •1. Discuss the following:
- •2. Try to guess the meaning of the following words. Use the dictionary if you need:
- •3. Match the following words with their Russian equivalents:
- •Read the text and find new words from the text.
- •Beading for specific information. Read the text, choose a right word.
- •Read and translate about reinforced concrete.
- •4. Read the text again and find the main idea of each paragraph.
- •5. Read the text once more. Recognize all the sentences, relating to a particular paragraph.
- •6. Reading for general meaning. Read the text and answer the following questions to the text:
- •Read the text again and find the main idea of each paragraph.
- •9. Read the following statements and say whether they are true or false. Correct the false statements:
- •1. Write all the following nouns in plural:
- •3. Make the following sentences negative and put into the interrogative form:
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Частью сказуемого:
- •1. Discuss the following:
- •2. Match the following words with their Russian equivalents:
- •3. Make up your own sentences with the following words:
- •6. Read the text again and complete the following sentences:
- •7. Read the following statements and say whether they are true or false. Correct the false statements:
- •8. Match the parts of the following sentences:
- •Write down all the nouns from the text in plural.
- •Make the following sentences negative and put into the interrogative form:
- •3. Write the following words in the correct order to make sentences and translate them into Russian:
- •Make up a plan to the text.
- •Imagine you are a future skilled engineer. Say some words about properties of materials. Your talk should include 15—20 phrases.
- •1. Write all the following nouns in plural:
- •4. Write all the complex sentences from the text and translate them.
- •Reinforced-concrete elements production Before-Reading
- •5. Read the text again and choose a right word:
- •6. Read the following statements and say whether they are true of false. Correct the false statements:
- •7. Read the text again and complete the following sentences:
- •4. Read the following statements and say whether they are true or false, Correct the false statements:
- •5. Read the text again and complete the following sentences with the name of a building trade:
- •2. Write the following words in the correct order to make sentences and translate them into Russian:
- •3. Find and translate all the sentences containing the following words:
- •4. Read the text again and find the main idea of each paragraph.
- •5. Reading for general understanding. Read the text again and answer the following questions to the text:
- •6. Read the following statements and say whether they are true of false. Correct the false statements:
- •1. Choose suitable Russian words to English terms. Explain their meaning
- •2. Сhoose suitable English words to Russian terms. Make your own sentences.
- •3. Read the text. Mark which paragraphs devote to the title of the text
- •4. Find correct Russian translation of English words. Compose sentences with them on the topic of the text. Find unnecessary words
- •5. Define which of these statements contain the main idea of the text
- •6.Put these sentences in order according to the text
- •7. Find the correct answer to these questions. Prove your opinion
- •8. Which paragraphs deal with these questions? Give brief explanations to each of them
- •9. Which of these sentences explain the work of heating and which ones -ventilation?
- •10. Prove these statements, add some more information from the text
- •11. Compose pairs of words from English and Russian synonyms. Explain their meaning
- •12. Read the text. Mark which paragraphs devote to the title of the text
- •14. Mark which paragraphs these titles belong to. Place them in order according to the text
- •15. Finish these sentences
- •16.Divide these sentences into three groups
- •18.Change these words into another part of speech
- •Причастие (theparticiple)
- •1.Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на причастия.
- •2. Translate the following word-combinations in accord to the given models:
- •3.Замените придаточные предложения причины причастными оборотами.
- •4.Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present Participle или Perfect Participle.
- •1. Choose suitable translation of English words from Russian ones. Compose sentences with them on the topic of the text
- •2. Chose the translation of bold type (выделенных) words.
- •3.Point which of these sentences have the main idea of the text. Explain your point of view
- •4. Which of these statements contain the basic of the text. Put them in accordance with the context
- •5. Add these sentences with correct variant according to the text. Using as a plan speak briefly about Water Supply
- •6. Fill this table due to points of the topic Sanitary engineering
- •7.Using information from the texts and this table compose a dialogue "Service engineers " for three persons. Discuss process of equipment of any new-built structure with all modern conveniences
- •Список литературы
5. Read the text again and choose a right word:
contribution 1. контрибуция; 2. содействие; 3. вклад
consideration 1. рассмотрение; 2. соображение; 3. обсуждение
grade 1. покатость (уклон); 2. сорт; 3. градус
lay-out 1. разбивка; 2. трасса; 3. планировка
arrangement 1. аранжировка; 2. расположение; 3. соглашение
plant 1. растение; 2. оборудование; 3. завод
to maintain 1. содержать; 2. поддерживать; 3. ремонтировать.
6. Read the following statements and say whether they are true of false. Correct the false statements:
At present in our country there are but a small number of plants producing precast elements.
Ordinary brick is an artificial stone made of clay by moulding and burning.
Hi is recommended to store aggregates and cement as close to the mixer as possible.
When designing a plant it is necessary to anticipate the future installation of additional equipment.
It is not economic to elevate all raw materials into storage bins over the mixers.
The yard should slope to the main building of the plant from all directions.
Materials can not be handled more cheaply with machinery than with manpower.
.* Particularly they are wall panels, slabs, beams to serve a multitude of building needs.
A well-designed plant must be established in a given area.
The plant floor level should be not 10 inches above the general grade of the yard to assure.
7. Read the text again and complete the following sentences:
...have made important contributions...
...without disrupting the original lay-out.
First of all, ...
...should be allowed at sides and in front of...
It is axiomatic...
A lot of excellent work...
...a particular attention.
...producing precast-concrete elements....
Then, a well-designed plant...
...the main building in all directions if possible.
After-Reading
Write down all the nouns from the text in plural.
Find all the sentences from the text in the Passive Voice. Copy them in your exercise-books.
Find all the sentences from the text with modal verbs. Copy them in your exercise-books.
Get talking
Make up a plan to the text.
Work in pairs. Discuss:
Producing reinforced concrete elements.
General aspects in designing.
Your talk should last a minute and include between 10—20 phrases.
Give a summary of the text in 150 words.
CONCRETE
Before-Reading
1. Discuss the following:
It is axiomatic now that materials can be handled more cheaply with machinery than with manpower, is not it? Try to prove your own idea.
A great number of plants producing recast reinforced-concrete elements is now in operation in our country and abroad, is not it? Try to prove your own idea.
What reinforced-concrete elements do you know?
2. Make up your own sentences with the following words:
The maximum size(максимальный размер), small concrete sections(небольшие секции из цемента), the minimum thickness of the finished concrete(минимальная толщина залитого бетона), cement(цемент).
While-Reading
Read the text and find new words from the text.
Reading for general understanding. Skim read the text. Think of a good title for it. Compare it with other students' titles.
3. Reading for specific information. Read the text, choose a right word.
Concrete is made from {cement, nylon) coarse aggregate (stones), fine aggregate (sand or crushed stone) and water. Coarse aggregate ranging from 5 mm to 40 mm may be used for {normal, class) work. The maximum {size, piece) of the aggregate should not be greater than one quarter of the minimum thickness of the finished concrete. The {normal maximum sizes, large parts) are 20 mm and 40 mm (20 mm being more common). The maximum size of aggregate which should be used in small {concrete sections, window frames) or, where reinforcement is close together, is 10 mm.
In {concrete, room) with widely spaced reinforcement, such as solid slabs, the size of the coarse aggregate should not be greater than the minimum cover to the reinforcement otherwise spilling will occur, i.e. the breaking off concrete's pieces of below the reinforcement. For AAyuYj5inforced {sections, boxes) e.g. the ribs of main beams, the maximum size of the coarse aggregate should be either:
(i) 5 mm less than the minimum horizontal distance between the
Reinforcing rods, or.
(ii) 5 mm less than the minimum cover to the reinforcement, Which is smaller?