35. The national movement of a Kazakh people for independence under the leadership of Kenesary Khasym uli (1837-1847 years).

Belonging to a top of the steppe nobility, Kenesary achieved restoration of the Kazakh statehood and the liquidated Russia by khans power. The khan Kene has continued struggle of his father, the Kasym-sultan, against imperial colonization, building of the Russian fortresses and oppression by colonizers of the Kazakh population. Struggle of Kenesary has become complicated that the Russian government operating from a principle "divide and dominate" has entered in under control territories an imperial post aga-sultans. Thus, the imperial government has yielded the power to certain group submitting to them of people and has pitted them against Kenesary. In a current about ten years Kenesary struggled against regular imperial armies and grouping aga-sultans. First half of revolt has been marked by set of victories, including a brilliant capture of an imperial Akmolinsk fortress. Part of revolt of Kenesary in Younger zhuz hardly was Isatai and Mahambet who with might and main flared in the meantime on the western boundaries Younger zhuz, in the Bukeis Horde was not closed with revolt of "two fierce wolves". On peak of the liberation movement of Kenesary supervised all Kazakhstan.

B 1841 on kurultai of all Kazakh zhuz’s Kenesary has been selected the Supreme khan.

Kenesary successfully was at war not only with the Russian armies, but also and with southern aggressors - Kokands and Khivan khanates. He almost has completely recreated the state of his grandfather Abylai. The Russian armies, the Cossacks could not mock with impunity at the Kazakh population any more. The khan Kene became protection and a support for Kazakh people. Those days its army totaled 20 000 soldiers, they had fire-arms and some guns. Requirements of Kenesary about restoration of territorial integrity of Kazakhstan, preservation of its independence have been stated in its correspondence addressed to tsar Nikolay I, the Orenburg governors V.Perovskomu, V.Obruchevu, the Siberian governor P.Gorchakovu, the chairman of the Orenburg boundary commission A.Gensu.

In 1845 the Russian authorities, being afraid of scope of movement of Kenesary against Russia and wishing to supersede it from limits Younger and Middle zhuz, have urgently constructed fortresses of Yrgyz and Turgaj. In 1846 Kenesary was necessary to wander on the south, in limits of the Ulu zhuz. Expecting it, the large group of imperial artillery there has been directed. Under the pressure of superior forces, having left half of subordinates in steppes of the Sary-arch, Kenesary has passed to the right river bank Or and has approached to the Kirghiz possession.

Kenesary has called Kirghiz manaps will unite with it together to resist Kokans and Russians to expansion. However Kirghiz manaps, being in correspondence with the Russian government, have rejected his offer. At Kirghizs there were weighty reasons for refusal of the union with Kenesary. From the khan-rebel then have started to turn away and the majority of the Kazakh nobility which were afraid of anger of Russia. Besides, between Kirghizs and forces of Kenesary there were some skirmishes and attacks which as a result have poured out in the military conflict. Last fight of last khan of Kazakhs has occurred in a valley of Almaly, near Tokmaka against Kirghiz manaps. Kazakhs have been taken by surprise and surrounded Kirghiz and kokans by groups. Kenesary battled c 500 warriors against numerically surpassing opponent who by a ridiculous error had appeared Kirghizs, related to Kazakhs the people. Before fight associates of the khan have suggested it to be pulled out by small easy group of an environment, on what he has answered:" If I leading an army, I will leave, I can’t be anymore khan of the people". Kenesary remained together with the devoted soldiers.

At the height of hopeless fight the brother of the khan - batyr Nauryzbaj was lost, Kenesary was taken prisoner and has soon been painfully killed. Under the legend when Kenesary have surrounded and have lifted it on the spears, pierced with them, dying, the khan has exclaimed: "I’m, all the same, above you on spear height!”

Revolt of Kazakhs of 1837-1847 under leadership of khan Kenesary was the fair certificate - the protest directed against aggressive colonial expansion of the Russian empire, Kokans and Khivan khanates. It had national-liberation character for the purpose of a reconstruction of statehood and preservation of territorial integrity of the primordial earth of Kazakhs. Being the leader of movement and the hot patriot of the fatherland, Kenesary Kasymuly at difficult o'clock of tests for the people has proved as the outstanding statesman, the uncommon commander and the presented diplomat of the epoch who have devoted the life to business of struggle for freedom and independence.