Добавил:
Upload Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз: Предмет: Файл:
History.doc
Скачиваний:
8
Добавлен:
06.08.2019
Размер:
330.24 Кб
Скачать
  1. The February bourgeois-democratic revolution of 1917 in Russian and its influence on Kazakhstan.

The February revolution was greeted with delight in Kazakhstan. The Interim Government, instead of the previous power structures began to create regional and county commissioners. Commissioner Torgays oblast became Alikhan Bokeikhan, Semirechje - Muhamedzhan Tynyshpaev, Uralsk - Halel Dosmuhameduly, Kostanay county-Ahmed Birimzhanuly. On 6 March of 1917 all participants in the rebellion 1916 Amnesty has been declared. The spring of 1917 in all areas of the Kazakh were held congresses to discuss the future of Kazakhstan. Already in March, the newspaper group «Cossack» became registered in the political party. After a long training in July at the Congress in Orenburg, it was decided on the formation of the party, producing programs and nominate candidates for the Constituent meeting, October 5, got the name «Alash» - the name of legend progenitor of Kazakhs. Alash Party led leaders of the national liberation moving of Alikhan Bokeikhan, Ahmet Baytursun, Myrzhakyp Dulatuly, Halel and Zhahansha Dosmuhameduly, Muhamedzhan Tynyshpaev, Eldos Omirov, Abdulhamit Zhuzhdybay, Magzhan Zhumabay. Party Program adopted at the congress in December 1917. Includes the claims of autonomy Kazakhstan universal selective of law, freedom of speech, press, unions, personal integrity, changes in agricultural policy in favor of Kazakhs. Regional conference in Tashkent in August, 1917 has developed more radical project of an autonomy of Kazakhs and has suggested to make national body the newspaper «Бiрлiк туы» Mustafa Shokaj was which editor.

  1. Kazakhstan during the civil war in 1918-1920 years and establishment of Soviet power.

Using the Czechoslovak uprising ataman Dutov took Orenburg in July 1918. against the Soviet authorities, together with the Government Alash Horde. Most whites have had foreign help interveners. Night March 29, 1918 belokazaki mastered the Urals. In Kazakhstan, formed part of the local population, called «Muslim» .29 in May 1918 released a decree ARCEC Kremlin on the mobilization of workers on the basis of universal conscription. In autumn 1918, in Bukeevskoy Horde was the first exemplary Kazakh Soviet cavalry regiment. In 1920 in Turkestan was proclaimed the first forced recruitment of indigenous people. In May 1920, by decision of the Council of Labor and Defense of the Russian Federation were called to the army of 25 thousand workers of non-Russian National children aged 19-35 years. Much organizational work was carried out by an extraordinary Commissioner steppe edges Dzhangildin, voenkom Turgai county Imanov, as well as Argancheev Aliev, Rozybakiev and others help Aktyubinsk Front expedition was sent Dzhangildin transmitted fighters ammunition and weapons. In January. 1919, the spacecraft was liberated Orenburg and Uralsk. Politics «military communism» in the years of civil war in Kazakhstan. (1918-1920gg). «Military Communism» - a system of temporary, emergency, civil war also forced up. Measures that amount is the peculiarity of the economic policy of the Soviet State in 1918-1920. In other words - it Superfast conversion to communism with the help of emergency measures. The main features of policy of military communism were: Nationalization of the entire industry. The transition in ownership of all former Soviet state of private enterprises. Centralization of economy, when the economy is subject to all necessary fronts. The prohibition of private trade. Food allotment, ie, must surrender all peasants State fixed price all «surplus» of bread, except required needs to families. Countervailing wage workers and employees. Politics «Military Communism» not only withdraw Soviet state of economic ruin in the years of civil war, but also greatly exacerbated it. By the end of civil war, the livestock population has declined by 11 million. A gross yield of grain decreased by 3 times. The situation in the economy has affected the lives of people. Especially farmers - the main producers of food. Evidence of dissatisfaction with the peasants have become widespread unrest in the villages. Go to the NEP has helped to redress the situation.

Соседние файлы в предмете [НЕСОРТИРОВАННОЕ]