- •Предисловие
- •Youth Problems
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •V. Fill in the gaps.
- •VI. Translate from Russian into English.
- •VII. Retell the text. The problems of teen-agers
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •V. Fill in the gaps.
- •VI. Translate from Russian into English.
- •VII. Retell the text. Unit 2. The problem of environmental protection clean air, fresh water - only a dream?
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •VI. Answer the questions based on the text:
- •VII. Retell the text. Toxic wasteland
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •VII. Translate the following sentences into English:
- •VIII. Retell the text. Additional texts for reading, translating and rendering.
- •If You Do Not Litter, Our Town Will Glitter
- •Global Climate Change
- •A Time-bomb in the Earth's Atmosphere
- •Acid Rains
- •Unit 3. Science The concept of science
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •VIII. Retell the text. Structure of a science.
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •The basic stages of development of a science.
- •The achievement of science and technical revolution and our day-to-day life
- •Additional texts for reading, translating and rendering Science
- •Michael Lomonosov
- •Unit 4. Mass media the modern broadcasting industry
- •Exercises
- •Television
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •Newspaper
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •VII. Tell your group mates the most interesting article you’ve
- •VIII. Retell the text. Radio
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •VI. Answer the following questions:
- •VII. Imagine that you are a disc jockey in one of the most famous
- •VIII. Retell the text. Magazine
- •Vocabulary
- •Exercises
- •VII. Combine the sentences.
- •VIII. Retell the text. Additional texts for reading, translating and rendering tv in britain
- •Грамматический справочник Неличные формы глагола. The Verbals
- •§1. Инфинитив. The Infinitive
- •§2. Причастия настоящего и прошедшего времени, Participle I and Participle II.
- •Формы причастия от переходных глаголов
- •§3. Герундий (gerund)
- •§4. Наклонение (the mood)
- •§ 5. Условные предложения (Conditional Sentences)
- •§6. Страдательный залог (The passive voice)
- •§7. Предложение (The Sentence)
- •Сложное предложение
- •Придаточные предложения подлежащие (Subject Clauses)
- •Дополнительные придаточные предложения (Object Clauses)
- •Определительные придаточные предложения (Attributive Clauses)
- •Придаточные предложения цели (Adverbial Clauses of Purpose)
- •Придаточные предложения условия (Adverbial Clauses of Condition)
- •§8. Согласование времен (The Sequence of Tenses)
- •Косвенная речь (inderect speech)
- •Grammar exercises Exercises to §1
- •1. Point out what part of the sentence the infinitive is and whether it has a noun or a verb function:
- •2. Fill the gaps with the particle to wherever necessary:
- •3. Use Infinitive Constructions instead of the italicized subordinate clauses.
- •4. Use the required form of the infinitive in brackets. Insert the particle to where necessary.
- •5. Combine each of the following pairs of sentences into one, using an infinitive or an infinitive phrase in the function of an adverbial modifier of purpose instead of the second sentence.
- •Exercises to §2
- •5. Replace the attributive clauses by phrases with the participle II.
- •Exercises to §3
- •1. Use the right form of the Gerund instead of the verbs in brackets and add the preposition:
- •2. Use a Gerund instead of the subordinate clause, add the preposition if necessary:
- •3. Translate into English, using the Gerund:
- •4. Complete the sentences with the Gerund of the following verbs: eat, follow, increase, lend, meet, restrain, smoke, speak, stay, travel.
- •5. Translate into Russian:
- •Exercises to §4
- •1. Read the sentences and translate them.
- •2. Open the brackets, using the subjunctive mood and translate the sentences into Russian.
- •3. Put the verbs in brackets in the right form of the Subjunctive Mood.
- •1. Change the sentences from real condition into two forms of unreal condition.
- •2. Use the right form of the verbs in brackets.
- •3. Translate into English.
- •Exercises to §6
- •1. Change the sentences from active to passive.
- •2. Change the sentences from active to passive, paying attention on the preposition.
- •3. Use the right form of the verbs in brackets.
- •4. Translate the following sentences into Russian.
- •5. Translate the following sentences into English, using Passive Voice.
- •Exercises to §7
- •1. Analyze the following sentences.
- •2. State the type of the subordinate clause (subject, predicative and object).
- •3. State the type of the subordinate clause.
- •4. Choose the conjunction which fits the meaning of the sentence.
- •5. Translate into English.
- •Exercises to §8
- •1. Change the sentences into past, using Sequence of Tenses.
- •2. Use the right form of the verbs in brackets.
- •3. Translate from Russian into English.
- •4. Change the sentences into indirect speech:
- •5. Translate into English:
- •Формулы речевого общения, сгруппированные по коммуникативным намерениям
Additional texts for reading, translating and rendering Science
Science is important to most people living in the modern world for a number of reasons. In particular, science is important to world peace and understanding, to the understanding of technology, and to our understanding of the world.
Science is important to world peace in many ways. On one hand, scientists have helped to develop many of the modern tools of war. On the other hand, they have also helped to keep the peace through research which has improved life for people. Scientists have helped us to understand the problem of supplying the world with enough energy; they have begun to develop a number of solutions to the energy problem – for example, using energy from the sun and from the atom. Scientists have also analyzed the world’s resources. We can begin to learn to share the resources with the knowledge provided to us by science. Science studies the Universe and how to use its possibilities for the benefit of men.
Science is also important to everyone who is affected by modern technology. Many of the things that make our lives easier and better are the results of advances in technology and, if the present patterns continue, technology will affect us even more in the future than it does now. In some cases, such as technology for taking salt out of ocean water, technology may be essential for our lives on Earth.
The study of science also provides people with an understanding of natural worlds. Scientists are learning to predict earthquakes, are continuing to study many other natural events such as storms. Scientists are also studying various aspects of human biology and the origin and developments of the human race. The study of the natural world may help to improve life for many people all over the world.
A basic knowledge of science is essential for everyone. It helps people to find their way in the changing world.
Answer the following questions:
1. Why is science so important in the modern world?
2. How does science help to keep peace in the world?
3. How does science help to solve the energy program?
4. What proves that the study of science is important for
understanding of the natural world?
Michael Lomonosov
M. V. Lomonosov is just considered to be the father of Russian science. Many of his scientific discoveries proved to be invaluable contributions to the world science, which profoundly influenced the work of the progressive scientists of his time. It is difficult to enumerate his many-sided scientific activities.
In 1986 the 275 anniversary of his birth was widely celebrated throughout the world.
Lomonosov was a complete master of natural sciences especially in chemistry and physics, and it was with Lomonosov that geology, mineralogy, geochemistry, physical chemistry, mining and many other branches of science began. He took great interest in history and mathematics and he is considered to the founder of Russian materialistic philosophy. Besides all this Lomonosov is known to have been a poet. His literary works remain the most significant pages of Russian literature, which profoundly influenced the development of Russian poetry.
Lomonosov’s life was full of difficulties. The son of the peasant he was born in 1711 in the northern coastal village of Denisovka not far from Archangel. His father wanted Michael to become a fisherman and when he was ten years of age, he began to take him to see fishing. The dangerous of fisherman taught Lomonosov to observe the phenomena of nature.
But he was refused admission to the town school for it was almost impossible for a peasant’s son to receive an education at that time. Nevertheless Lomonosov’s desire to study was so great that at the age of 19 he started to Moscow on foot to enter the Slavonic-Greek-Latin Academy. To be accepted to the Academy he had to hide his peasant origin. At the academy Lomonosov began learning Latin - the language of science of his days and mastered it in a short period of time.
Lomonosov spent no more than ten years at school and became a prominent scientist. His scientific career which lasted but 25 years was marked by a striking capacity for work and desire to serve his people and his country. In these 25 years he carried out a gigantic amount of work in various branches of science, engineering and art.
By the end of his life Lomonosov had been elected honorary member of a number of foreign academies. Lomonosov died at the age of 54, on April 15, 1765. He is widely known and greatly honoured in our country.
Answer the following questions:
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What is Lomonosov?
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Were his scientific activities many-sided?
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Was his life full of difficulties?
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What did his father want him to be?
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What did Lomonosov have to do to enter the Academy?
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Why can one say that Lomonosov is highly honoured in our
country?