Микросхемотехника / amelina_m_a_amelin_s_a_programma_shemotehnicheskogo_modeliro

Ⱦɥɹ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɬɢɩɚ LTIofV, LTIofl, LTVofV ɢ LTVofl ɡɚɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ, ɜɡɹɬɵɯ ɜ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɸɳɟɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ. Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɡɚɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɝɟɪɰɚɯ, ɦɨɞɭɥɶ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɜ ɞɟɰɢɛɟɥɚɯ ɢɥɢ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɵɯ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚɯ, ɮɚɡɚ ɜ ɝɪɚɞɭɫɚɯ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɞɢɚ- ɧɚɯ.

ɉɪɢ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɢ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ R_I ɜɦɟɫɬɨ ɦɨɞɭɥɹ ɢ ɮɚɡɵ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɡɚɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɟɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ ɦɧɢɦɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ. Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ. Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɨɥɟ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɚ FREQ. ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɟɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɩɨɥɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɚ ɢ ɢɦɟɧɟɦ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ, ɤɨɬɨ-

ɪɚɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɚ ɬɪɢɩɥɟɬɚɦɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɵ

.DEFINE (ɧɚ ɩɨɥɟ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɢɥɢ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ, ɫɦ. Laplace_06.cir).

Ⱦɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɨɩɨɪɧɵɦɢ ɬɨɱɤɚɦɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹ- ɟɬɫɹ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɚɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɨɥɹɰɢɹ ɜ ɥɨɝɚɪɢɮɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɟ. Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟ-

ɞɚɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɜɧɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɚ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ ɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɜɧɵɦɢ ɢɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦ ɜ ɤɪɚɣɧɢɯ ɬɨɱɤɚɯ.

ɉɪɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɟ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ (ɪɟɠɢɦ ɋ) ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ S ɡɚɦɟɧɹ-

ɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ 2 j F. ɉɪɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɟ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɩɨ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɦɭ ɬɨɤɭ (ɪɟɠɢɦ DC) ɩɨɥɚɝɚ- ɟɬɫɹ S=0. ɉɪɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɟ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ (ɪɟɠɢɦ Transient analysis) ɨɬɵ-

ɫɤɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɧɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯɩɨɥɸɫɧɢɤɚ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ɏɭɪɶɟ ɟɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɜ s-ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ, ɡɚɬɟɦ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɚ ɫɜɟɪɬɤɢ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɧɨɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɫ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɦ ɫɢɝɧɚ- ɥɨɦ ɨɬɵɫɤɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬɤɥɢɤ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ.

Ɍɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɵ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɚ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɬɨɱɟɤ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫ- ɧɨɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɢɥɢ ɩɨ-ɞɪɭɝɨɦɭ ɲɢɪɢɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɫɵ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ. Ʉɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɧɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɟɦ 8192 ɬɨɱɟɤ ɩɨ ɨɫɢ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɩɨ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɧɨɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɟ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥ ɫɜɟɪɬɤɢ. ȼɨɨɛɳɟ ɠɟ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɬɨɱɟɤ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ N ɨɩ- ɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚ RELTOL:

N =26 log10 (RELTOL)

ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɞɥɹ RELTOL=.001, ɛɭɞɭɬ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶɫɹ 512 ɬɨɱɟɤ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ.

Ɉɛɳɟɣ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɭɡɤɨɩɨɥɨɫɧɵɯ ɥɚɩɥɚɫɨɜɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤ- ɰɢɣ. ɒɢɪɨɤɨɩɨɥɨɫɧɵɟ ɛɥɨɤɢ, ɬɚɤɢɟ, ɤɚɤ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɬɨɪ f(s)=s, ɢ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɬɨɪ f(s)=1/s, ɥɭɱɲɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ. ɋɦ. ɩɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɦɚɤɪɨɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɬɨɪɚ DIF.mac ɢ ɢɧɬɟ- ɝɪɚɬɨɪɚ INT.mac ɢɡ ɤɚɬɚɥɨɝɚ LIBRARY.

Ⱦɥɹ ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɥɚɩɥɚɫɨɜɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɫɦ. ɩɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɫɯɟɦɧɵɯ ɮɚɣɥɨɜ Laplace_01.cir, Laplace_02.cir, Laplace_03.cir, Laplace_04.cir, Laplace_05.cir ɢ Laplace_06.cir ɢɡ ɤɚɬɚɥɨɝɚ Components\Sources.

Ʌɢɧɟɣɧɵɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ, ɡɚɞɚɜɚɟɦɵɟ Z-ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ

(Z Transform Sources)

Ƚɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ. 5.41).

Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ ɫɯɟɦ Micro-Cap (ɪɢɫ. 5.43)

xɬɪɢɛɭɬ PART: <ɢɦɹ>

xɬɪɢɛɭɬ ZEXP: <Z-ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ>

ɉɪɢɦɟɪ:

(.10*(Z+1)*(POW(Z,2)-.70*Z+1))/((Z-.56)*(POW(Z,2)-1.16*Z+.765))

x ɬɪɢɛɭɬ CLOCK FREQUENCY: <ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ z- ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ>

Ɂɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɣ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ, ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɟɣ ɜ Z-ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɜɟ- ɞɟɬ ɫɟɛɹ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɨ ɥɚɩɥɚɫɨɜɭ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɦɭ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɭ ɫ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢ-

ɡɚɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ȿ1 (ɪɢɫ. 5.43).

Ɋɢɫ. 5.43. Ɂɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ Z-TRANSFORM

ɉɪɢ ɫɯɟɦɧɨɦ ɜɜɨɞɟ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɭ ZEXP ɩɪɢɫɜɚɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɩɟɪɟ- ɦɟɧɧɨɣ ZFILTER, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɜ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɢ-

ɜɵ .DEFINE:

.DEFINE ZFILTER .10285*(Z+1)*(Z*Z–.070621*Z+1)/((Z–.55889)*(Z*Z–

–1.1579*Z+.76494))

ɑɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɢɡɚɰɢɢ 24 ɤȽɰ ɡɚɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɚ CLOCK

FREQUENCY=24k.

ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɯ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɫɯɟɦɧɵɯ ɮɚɣɥɚɯ z-transform source_01.cir… z-transform source_04.cir ɢɡ ɤɚɬɚɥɨɝɚ Com-

ponents\Sources (book-mc.rar).

5.4.3. Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ

ɍɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ Function sources, ɢɦɟɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɸɬɫɹ ɫ N, ɡɚɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ

(ɪɢɫ. 5.44).

Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ ɫɯɟɦ Micro-Cap

xɬɪɢɛɭɬ PART: <ɢɦɹ>

xɬɪɢɛɭɬ VALUE: <ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚ> (ɞɥɹ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ NFV ɢ NFI)

ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ: 10*Sin(2*PI*1E6*T)*V(3)*I(L1)*EXP(-V(IN)/100NS)

K*POW((V(Plate)-V(Cathode)+Mu*(V(Grid) – V(Cathode))),1.5) x ɬɪɢɛɭɬ FREQ: [<F-ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ>] (ɞɥɹ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ NFV ɢ NFI)

ɉɪɢɦɟɪ: 1200*(1+sqrt(F/1e6))

x ɬɪɢɛɭɬ DERIVATIVE: [<Algebraic> | <Numeric> | <Default>] (ɞɥɹ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢ-

ɤɨɜ NFV ɢ NFI)

ɉɪɢɦɟɪ: Algebraic

xɬɪɢɛɭɬ NOISE EXPRESSION: [<N-ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ>] (ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ

NFI)

ɉɪɢɦɟɪ:

1200*(1+sqrt(F/1e6))

x ɬɪɢɛɭɬ TABLE: (<x1>,<y1>) (<x2>,<y2>) ... (<xk>,<yk>) (ɞɥɹ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ NTIofl, NTIofV, NTVofV, NTVofl)

ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ:

(–1m,25) (1m,25) (2m,30)

({start–1m}, {25*level}) (end,level) ({end+3m}, level2)

Ɋɢɫ. 5.44. Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ

Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɹɸɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɟ- ɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɜ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɯɟɦɚɯ. Ɉɧɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɡɚɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɢɫɬɨɱ- ɧɢɤɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɬɨɤɚ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɭɸ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɨɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɩɭɬɟɦ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɵ ɢɥɢ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ (ɪɢɫ. 5.44).

Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ, ɡɚɞɚɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɨɣ (NFI, NFV)

ɗɬɨɬ ɬɢɩ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɩɨɞɨɛɟɧ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ SPICE3 B ɢ ɡɚɞɚɟɬ- ɫɹ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɦ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɦ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ, ɡɚɜɢɫɹɳɢɟ ɨɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ. ȼ ɡɚɜɢɫɢ- ɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ 2 ɬɢɩɚ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ: NFI —

ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɬɨɤɚ, NFV — ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟ- ɧɢɹ.

ɇɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ NFV ɢ ɬɨɤɚ NFI ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚ-

ɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɬ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɬɨɤɨɜ ɫɯɟɦɵ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ NFI ɞɥɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɚɧɨɞɧɨ- ɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ ɜɚɤɭɭɦɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɢɨɞɚ ɡɚɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ:

K*pow((V(Plate)-V(Cathode)+Mu*(V(Grid)-V(Cathode))),1.5)

ȼ ɜɟɪɫɢɢ MC10 ɜ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶ- ɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɵɟ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɢɤɚ: ɢɧɞɭɤɰɢɸ ȼ, ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɥɹ H ɢ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɵɣ ɩɨɬɨɤ X.

ȿɫɥɢ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɭɤɚɡɚɧ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬ FREQ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ <F-ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ>, ɬɨ ɨɧ ɡɚɦɟɧɹɟɬ ɨɛɵɱɧɵɣ ɦɚɥɨɫɢɝɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨ- ɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɩɨ ɩɨ- ɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɦɭ ɬɨɤɭ. <F-ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ> ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɱɢɫɥɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɦ, ɜɤɥɸ- ɱɚɸɳɢɦ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɨ-ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ. Ɉɧɨ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɨ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɥɢɲɶ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɦɚɥɨɫɢɝɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ (AC), ɤɨɝɞɚ ɧɟɡɚ- ɜɢɫɢɦɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɢɦ, ɱɬɨ ɜɵɪɚ- ɠɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɚ FREQ — 1+V(3)*(1+1e6/F). ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɢ F ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɚɥɨɫɢɝɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ — ɱɚɫɬɨɬɨɣ, ɚ V(3) — ɦɚɥɨɫɢɝɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ 3-ɝɨ ɭɡɥɚ. ɍɤɚɡɚɧɧɚɹ ɡɚɜɢ- ɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɚ ɥɢɲɶ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ, ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶ- ɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɚ VALUE.

ȿɫɥɢ ɡɚɞɚɧ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬ NOISE EXPRESSION, ɬɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢ- ɤɨɦ ɝɟɧɟɪɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɲɭɦɨɜɨɣ ɬɨɤ, ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɡɚɞɚɟɬɫɹ <N-ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɦ>. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɞɥɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɮɥɢɤɟɪ-ɲɭɦɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ: 1E-16 *pow(6.5ma,1.1)/F.

ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɚ NOISE EXPRESSION ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɡɚɜɢɫɟɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɬ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ F ɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɥɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ NFI.

x ɬɪɢɛɭɬ DERIVATIVE ɡɚɞɚɟɬ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɜ ɜɵɪɚɠɟ- ɧɢɹɯ. Ɉɧ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɬɪɟɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ:

Algebraic — ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɚɹ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɪɨ- ɜɚɧɢɹ ɚɥɝɟɛɪɚɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ. ɗɬɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɦɵɫɥɟ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɟ ɚɥɝɟɛɪɚɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ, ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬ ɤ ɝɪɨɦɨɡɞɤɢɦ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɦ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɯ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬ ɧɚ- ɦɧɨɝɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ, ɱɟɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɟ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɞɢɮɮɟ- ɪɟɧɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ.

Numeric — ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɣ ɩɟɪɬɭɪ- ɛɚɰɢɢ. ɉɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦɭɥ. Default — ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ

ɮɥɚɝɚ NUMERIC_DERIVATIVE ɜ Global Settings.

Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ, ɡɚɞɚɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟɣ

(NTVofl, NTIofl, NTIofV, NTVofV)

ɗɬɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ SPICE3 A, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɭɩɨɪɹɞɨɱɟɧɧɭɸ ɜ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɹ ɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɭ. Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚ

ɡɚɞɚɟɬ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ (ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ, ɬɨɤɚ) ɨɬ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ (ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ, ɬɨɤɚ). ȼ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɜɢɞɚ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɢɦɟɸɬɫɹ 4 ɬɢɩɚ ɬɚɛɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ

(ɬɚɛɥ. 5.17):

Ɍ ɚ ɛ ɥ ɢ ɰ ɚ 5 . 1 7 . Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ, ɡɚɞɚɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟɣ

Ɂɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ NTVofl, NTIofl, NTIofV ɢ NTVofV ɡɚɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɬɚɛɥɢ- ɰɟɣ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɟɣ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ Yk ɨɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝ- ɧɚɥɚ Xk. Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ Y ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɜɨɡ- ɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɹ ɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɚ X. Ⱦɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɨɩɨɪɧɵɦɢ ɬɨɱ- ɤɚɦɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɚɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɨɥɹɰɢɹ. Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ Y ɜɧɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨ-

ɝɨ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɚ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɚ ɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɜɧɵɦɢ ɢɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦ ɜ ɤɪɚɣɧɢɯ ɬɨɱɤɚɯ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɡɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɬɚɛɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɚɪ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ (-.01,-10) (.01,10) ɞɥɹ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ NTVOFV, ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬ ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶ ɫ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɦ

ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ 1000 ɢ ɫ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɦɢ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ r10ȼ. Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ –0.01ȼ, ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ –10ȼ, ɚ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɹ-

ɠɟɧɢɟ 0.01, ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ +10ȼ.

ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɫɯɟɦɧɵɯ ɮɚɣɥɚɯ function source_01.cir…function source_03.cir,

function (table) source.cir ɢɡ ɤɚɬɚɥɨɝɚ Components\Sources (book-mc.rar).

5.5.ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ

ȼɪɚɡɞɟɥ Special Purpose ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɵ ɤɥɸɱɢ ɪɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ (Switches), ɭɫɬ- ɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɜɵɛɨɪɤɢ-ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ (Sample and Hold), ɬɚɣɦɟɪ (Timer), ɫɬɪɟɥɤɢ (Arrow)

ɢɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɵ (bubble).

5.5.1. Ʉɥɸɱɢ ɬɢɩɚ Switch

Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ ɫɯɟɦ Micro-Cap

xɬɪɢɛɭɬ PART: <ɢɦɹ>

xɬɪɢɛɭɬ VALUE: <[V | Ɍ | I] <n1, n2>[,Ron>[,<Roff>]]

ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ: V,1,2 I,2ma,3ma

T,1ms,2ms,50,5Meg

l,2ma,3ma,0.01,1MEG

Ɋɚɡɧɨɜɢɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɥɸɱɟɣ ɬɢɩɚ Switch ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 5.45.

ɉɪɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɟ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɤɥɸɱɢ, ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɟ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɨɜ, ɬɨɤɨɦ (ɱɟɪɟɡ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ) ɢ ɤɨɦɦɭɬɢɪɭɟɦɵɟ ɜ ɨɩ-

ɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɵ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ. ɗɬɨ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɬɚɪɵɣ ɜɢɞ ɤɥɸɱɟɣ, ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟ- ɦɵɯ ɜ ɪɚɧɧɢɯ ɜɟɪɫɢɹɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ Ɇicro-CAP. ȼ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɯ ɜɟɪɫɢɹɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭ- ɸɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɤɥɸɱɢ ɬɢɩɚ S ɢ W (ɫɦ. ɧɢɠɟ), ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɥɚɜɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹɦɢ «ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɨ» ɢ «ɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɨ».

Ɋɢɫ. 5.45. Ʉɥɸɱɢ Switch ɬɢɩɚ V,T ɢ I

ȼ ɤɥɸɱɚɯ SWITCH ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ:

V — ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɨɜ; I — ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɬɨɤɨɦ;

Ɍ — ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɵ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ;

n1, n2— ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ, ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɬ ɩɟɪɟ- ɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ;

Ron, Roff — ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɥɸɱɚ ɜ ɡɚɦɤɧɭɬɨɦ ɢ ɪɚɡɨɦɤɧɭɬɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢ-

ɹɯ. ɉɨ ɭɦɨɥɱɚɧɢɸ Ron=1E-3 Ɉɦ, Roff=1E9 Ɉɦ

ȿɫɥɢ n1<n2, ɬɨ ɤɥɸɱ ɡɚɦɤɧɭɬ (ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ON) ɩɪɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸ- ɳɟɦ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɟ n1<ɏ<n2 ɢ ɪɚɡɨɦɤɧɭɬ (ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ OFF), ɤɨɝɞɚ ɏ<n1 ɢɥɢ ɏ>n2.

ȿɫɥɢ ɠɟ n1>n2, ɬɨ ɤɥɸɱ ɪɚɡɨɦɤɧɭɬ (OFF) ɩɪɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɦ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɟ n1>ɏ>n2 ɢ ɡɚɦɤɧɭɬ (OFF), ɤɨɝɞɚ ɏ>n1 ɢɥɢ ɏ<n2.

Ⱦɥɹ ɤɥɸɱɟɣ ɬɢɩɚ «V» ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ X ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɪɚɡ- ɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɨɜ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɦɢ ɜɵɜɨɞɚɦɢ ɤɥɸɱɚ.

Ⱦɥɹ ɤɥɸɱɟɣ ɬɢɩɚ «I» ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ X ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɬɨɤ ɱɟ- ɪɟɡ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ, ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɭɸ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɦɢ ɜɵɜɨɞɚɦɢ ɤɥɸɱɚ.

Ⱦɥɹ ɤɥɸɱɟɣ ɬɢɩɚ «Ɍ» ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ X ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɜɪɟɦɹ, ɩɪɢ

ɷɬɨɦ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ ɤɥɸɱɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɦɢɧɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɭɡɥɨɜ ɜ ɫɯɟɦɟ.

ɉɪɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɜɵ- ɛɨɪ ɲɚɝɚ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ. ȿɫɥɢ ɲɚɝ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ, ɤɥɸɱ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɧɟ ɩɟɪɟ- ɤɥɸɱɚɬɶɫɹ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɥɸɱɚ ɯɨɬɹ ɛɵ ɨɞɧɚ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɚɹ ɬɨɱɤɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɩɨɩɚɫɬɶ ɜɧɭɬɪɶ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ, ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɤɥɸɱ ɜ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɨɟ ɫɨ- ɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ.

ɉɪɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɢɥɢ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɩɨ ɩɨ- ɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɦɭ ɬɨɤɭ ɤɥɸɱ ɡɚɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɦ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ.

ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɜɫɟɯ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɤɥɸɱɟɣ Switch ɢ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɫ ɢɯ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟɦ ɫɦ. ɜ ɫɯɟɦɧɨɦ ɮɚɣɥɟ switch_01.cir ɢɡ ɤɚɬɚɥɨɝɚ Com-

ponents\Special Purpose (book-mc.rar).

5.5.2. S-ɤɥɸɱ (V-switch), ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɣ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟɦ

Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ SPICE

S<ɢɦɹ> <ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɭɡɟɥ+> <ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɭɡɟɥ –> +<ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɭɡɟɥ+> <ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɭɡɟɥ –> <ɢɦɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ>

ɉɪɢɦɟɪ

S1 10 20 30 40 RELAMOD

xɬɪɢɛɭɬ MODEL: <ɢɦɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ>

Ɋɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɤɥɸɱ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɜ ɞɜɭɯ ɪɟɠɢɦɚɯ: ɩɥɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟ- ɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɝɢɫɬɟɪɟɡɢɫɚ.

Ɋɟɠɢɦ ɩɥɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ. Ɋɟɠɢɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɧɟ ɧɭɠɟɧ ɝɢɫɬɟɪɟɡɢɫ ɞɥɹ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ. Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɫɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦɭ ɩɪɨɛɥɟ- ɦɭ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɟ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɵɯ ɫɯɟɦ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɡɚ- ɞɚɸɬɫɹ VON (ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɦɵɤɚɧɢɹ ɤɥɸɱɚ) ɢ VOFF (ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɦɵɤɚɧɢɹ ɤɥɸɱɚ). ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɝɢɫɬɟɪɟɡɢɫɚ VT ɢ VH ɢɝɧɨɪɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ.

ȿɫɥɢ VON>VOFF, ɬɨ ɤɥɸɱ ɡɚɦɤɧɭɬ ɩɪɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɦ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɢ

Vynp>VON ɢ ɪɚɡɨɦɤɧɭɬ ɩɪɢ Vyɩp<VOFF. ɇɚ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ VOFF<Vynp<VON ɫɨ-

ɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɥɸɱɚ ɩɥɚɜɧɨ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ROFF ɞɨ RON.

ȿɫɥɢ VON<VOFF, ɬɨ ɤɥɸɱ ɡɚɦɤɧɭɬ ɩɪɢ Vyɩp<VON ɢ ɪɚɡɨɦɤɧɭɬ ɩɪɢ Vɭɩɪ>VOFF. ɇɚ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ VON<Vynp<VOFF ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɥɸɱɚ ɩɥɚɜɧɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ RON ɞɨ ROFF.

Ƚɢɫɬɟɪɟɡɢɫɧɵɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ, ɟɫɥɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦ ɝɢɫɬɟɪɟɡɢɫ ɞɥɹ

ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɢ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɧɟ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɠɟɧɚ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɦ ɫɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɟ. ȼ ɝɢɫɬɟɪɟɡɢɫɧɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɡɚɞɚɧɵ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬ- ɪɵ VT ɢ VH. ȼɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ VON ɢ VOFF ɢɝɧɨɪɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ, ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɨ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ RON ɢ ROFF. ɉɪɢ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɧɚɪɚɫɬɚɸɳɢɦ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɦ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ VT+VH ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɥɸɱɚ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɡɤɢɦ ɫɤɚɱɤɨɦ ɨɬ ROFF ɞɨ RON, ɚ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɭɛɵɜɚɸɳɢɦ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸ- ɳɢɦ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ VT-VH ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɤɚɱɤɨɦ ɨɬ RON ɞɨ ROFF.

Ɋɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɤɥɸɱ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɜɯɨɞɧɵ- ɦɢ ɭɡɥɚɦɢ, ɚ ɦɟɧɹɸɳɟɟɫɹ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɥɸɱɚ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɨ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɜɵɯɨɞ- ɧɵɦɢ ɭɡɥɚɦɢ. Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ RON ɢ ROFF ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɜɟɥɢɱɢ- ɧɚɦɢ ɢ ɩɨ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɟ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ, ɱɟɦ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ 1/Gmin. ɇɟ ɩɵ- ɬɚɣɬɟɫɶ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ VON–VOFF ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ ɦɚɥɨɣ, ɷɬɨ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɬ ɤ ɭɜɟɥɢ- ɱɟɧɢɸ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɯ ɬɨɱɟɤ ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɫɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɦ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɦ ɩɪɨ- ɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ. Ɇɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɚɹ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɷɬɨɣ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɢ

(RELTOL•(max(VON,VOFF))+VNTOL).

ɉɪɢɦɟɪ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɤɥɸɱɚ ɫ ɝɢɫɬɟɪɟɡɢɫɨɦ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧ ɜ ɫɯɟɦɧɨɦ ɮɚɣɥɟ

Switch_Hyster.cir ɤɚɬɚɥɨɝɚ Components\Special Purpose.

ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɤɥɸɱɚ, ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟɦ, ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥ. 5.18.

ɍɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɤɥɸɱɚ, ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟɦ

VC — ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɦɢ ɭɡɥɚɦɢ. LM=ln[(RON•ROFF)1/2] – ɥɨɝɚɪɢɮɦ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ RON,

ROFF.

LR=ln(RON/ROFF).

VM=(VON+VOFF)/2.

VD=VON-VOFF.

k — ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɚɹ Ȼɨɥɶɰɦɚɧɚ. T — ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ.

RS — ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɥɸɱɚ.

Ɋɟɠɢɦ ɩɥɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ (ɩɪɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɢ VON ɢ VOFF) 1. ɉɪɢ VON>VOFF

ȿɫɥɢ VC VON, RS = RON; ɟɫɥɢ VC VOFF, RS=ROFF.

Ƚɢɫɬɟɪɟɡɢɫɧɵɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ (ɟɫɥɢ VON ɢ VOFF ɧɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ)

ȿɫɥɢ VC VT+VH, RS=RON

ȿɫɥɢ VC VT–VH, RS=ROFF

ɂɧɚɱɟ RS ɧɟ ɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ

ɒɭɦɨɜɵɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɵ

ɒɭɦ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɲɭɦ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ, ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɪɚɜɧɨ ɧɚɣ- ɞɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɩɨ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɦɭ ɬɨɤɭ. ȿɝɨ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɲɭɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ:

5.5.3. W-ɤɥɸɱ (I-switch), ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɣ ɬɨɤɨɦ

Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ SPICE

W<ɢɦɹ> <ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɭɡɟɥ+> <ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɭɡɟɥ–>

+<ɢɦɹ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɜɟɬɜɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ> <ɢɦɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ>

ɉɪɢɦɟɪ:

W1 10 20 V1 IREF

xɬɪɢɛɭɬ PART: <ɢɦɹ>

Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɣ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɤɥɸɱɚ, ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɨɦ:

.MODEL <ɢɦɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ> ISWITCH ([ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ])

ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ:

.MODEL W1 ISWITCH (RON=1 ROFF=1K ION=1 IOFF=1.5)

.MODEL W2 ISWITCH (RON=1 ROFF=1K IT=1 IH=1.5)

W ɤɥɸɱ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ ɜ ɞɜɭɯ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɪɟɠɢɦɚɯ: ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɩɥɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ (ɪɢɫ. 5.48) ɢ ɜ ɝɢɫɬɟɪɟɡɢɫɧɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ. Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ ɜ ɷɬɢɯ ɞɜɭɯ ɪɟ- ɠɢɦɚɯ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɥɸɱɚ, ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟ- ɧɢɟɦ (ɫɦ. 5.5.2), ɡɚ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɤ. ɋɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɫ VON, VOFF, VT, VH ɧɚ ION, IOFF, IT, IH. ɋɦɵɫɥ ɷɬɢɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɠɟ, ɤɚɤ ɞɥɹ ɤɥɸɱɚ, ɭɩɪɚɜ- ɥɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟɦ, ɧɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɟ ɤ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɸ, ɚ ɤ ɬɨɤɭ. ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪ ION ɩɨ ɭɦɨɥɱɚɧɢɸ ɪɚɜɟɧ 1 ɦ .

ɍɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɤɥɸɱɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɨɦ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɢɡ ɭɪɚɜɧɟ- ɧɢɣ ɤɥɸɱɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɢ ɡɚɦɟɧɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ VOFF ɧɚ

IOFF, VON ɧɚ ION, VC ɧɚ IC, VH ɧɚ IH.

Ɍ ɚ ɛ ɥ ɢ ɰ ɚ 5 . 1 9 . ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɤɥɸɱɚ, ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɨɦ

Ɋɢɫ. 5.48. Ɇɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɥɸɱɟɣ, ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɬɨɤɨɦ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟɦ

ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɥɸɱɟɣ, ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟɦ (S) ɢ ɬɨɤɨɦ

(W) ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɫɯɟɦɧɨɦ ɮɚɣɥɟ switch_02.cir ɢɡ ɤɚɬɚɥɨɝɚ Components\Special Purpose (ɫɦ. ɬɚɤɠɟ ɪɢɫ. 5.48).

5.5.4. ɍɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɜɵɛɨɪɤɢ-ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ (Sample and Hold)

ɧɢɟ>

ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ: V(1,2) V(10,20)*I(R1)

V(INPUT)

x ɬɪɢɛɭɬ SAMPLE EXPRESSION: [<ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ>]

ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ: V(1,2)>1.2

V(5)>1.1 AND V(4) >1.2

I(RL)>1e-3

x ɬɪɢɛɭɬ PERIOD: <ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ>

ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ: 100ns tmax/100 1U