Микросхемотехника / amelina_m_a_amelin_s_a_programma_shemotehnicheskogo_modeliro
.pdf
5. Ɇɨɞɟɥɢ ɧ ɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ |
191 |
ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɦɵɫɥ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚ <ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ> ɞɥɹ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɨɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɤɚɬɭɲɟɤ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ Lxxx, ɩɟɪɟ- ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɩɨɥɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚ INDUCTORS. Ɍɟɩɟɪɶ ɩɪɢ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɢ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɨɛ- ɦɨɬɤɢ Lxxx ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ, ɡɚɞɚɜɚɟɦɨɟ ɜ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ INDUCTANCE ɨɤɧɚ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɤɚɬɭɲɤɢ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɧɟ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ, ɚ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɜɢɬɤɨɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɨɛɦɨɬɤɢ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɢɤɚ.
Ɋɢɫ. 5.13. Ɉɤɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɢɤɚ
ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɪɞɟɱ- ɧɢɤɚ, ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ, ɡɚɞɚɜɚɟɦɚɹ ɜ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ INDUCTANCE ɤɚɬɭɲɤɢ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ, ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɦ, ɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɰɟɥɵɦ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɱɢɫɥɨɦ.
ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɢɤɚ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥ. 5.4.
Ɍ ɚ ɛ ɥ ɢ ɰ ɚ 5 . 4 . ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɢɤɚ
Ɉɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ |
|
ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ |
Ɋɚɡɦɟɪ |
Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨ |
|
|
ɧɨɫɬɶ |
ɭɦɨɥɱɚɧɢɸ |
|||
|
|
|
|||
AREA |
ɉɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɚ |
ɫɦ2 |
1 |
||
PATH |
ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɞɥɢɧɚ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɣ ɫɢɥɨɜɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ |
ɫɦ |
1 |
||
GAP |
ɒɢɪɢɧɚ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɡɨɪɚ |
ɫɦ |
0 |
||
MS |
ɇɚɦɚɝɧɢɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɢɹ |
/ɦ |
400 103 |
||
A |
ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɛɟɡɝɢɫɬɟɪɟɡɢɫɧɨɣ ɤɪɢɜɨɣ |
/ɦ |
25 |
||
ɧɚɦɚɝɧɢɱɢɜɚɧɢɹ |
|||||
|
|
|
|||
ɋ |
ɉɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɚɹ |
ɭɩɪɭɝɨɝɨ ɫɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɦɟɧɧɵɯ |
|
0.001 |
|
ɝɪɚɧɢɰ |
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
||
Ʉ |
ɉɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɚɹ |
ɧɟɨɛɪɚɬɢɦɨɣ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɞɨ- |
/ɦ |
25 |
|
ɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɟɧɨɤ |
|||||
|
|
|
|||
ɋɩɢɫɨɤ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɜ ɨɤɧɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɢ- ɤɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɬɶ ɞɚɠɟ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɤɚɬɭɲɤɭ.
192 |
ɉɪɨɝɪ ɦɦ ɫɯɟɦɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜ ɧɢɹ Micro-Cap. ȼɟɪɫɢɢ 9, 10 |
ɉɪɢɦɟɪ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɨɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɤɚɬɭɲɟɤ ɫ ɥɢɧɟɣ- ɧɵɦ ɢ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɦ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɫɦ. ɜ ɫɯɟɦɧɨɦ ɮɚɣɥɟ Core3.cir ɢɡ ɤɚɬɚɥɨɝɚ
Components\Passive Comp (book-mc.rar).
Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɣ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɢɤɚ:
.MODEL <ɢɦɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ> CORE (ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ)
ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ:
.MODEL K1 CORE (Area=2.54 Path=.54 MS=2E5)
.MODEL K2 CORE (MS=2E5 LOT=25% GAP=.001)
Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɢɤɚ
ȼ Micro-Cap ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɢɤɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɦɨ- ɞɟɥɶ Ⱦɠɢɥɫɚ- ɬɟɪɬɨɧɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɧɟ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɦɚɝɧɢɬ- ɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɢɤɚ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ (ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨ ɫɦ. ɜ 11.1). ȼ ɷɬɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɩɟɬɥɢ ɝɢɫɬɟɪɟɡɢɫɚ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ ɩɟɪɟɦɚɝɧɢɱɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɚɝ- ɧɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ (ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ Hm), ɛɚɡɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɛɟɡɝɢɫɬɟɪɟɡɢɫɧɨɣ ɤɪɢɜɨɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɨɜ ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɜɪɚ- ɳɟɧɢɹ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɧɚɦɚɝɧɢɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ ɮɟɪɪɨɦɚɝɧɟɬɢɤɚ. ɋɚɦɢ ɠɟ ɝɢɫɬɟɪɟɡɢɫɧɵɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ M(H) ɢɥɢ B(H), ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɷɬɨɣ ɤɪɢɜɨɣ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ (ɚɧɚɥɨ- ɝɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɭɯɨɦɭ ɬɪɟɧɢɸ ɜ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɤɟ), ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɷɪɰɢ- ɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɫɢɥɵ K.
ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɢɤɚ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɫɥɨɠɧɭɸ ɢ ɞɚɥɟɤɨ ɧɟ ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɭɸ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɫɨ ɫɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɵɦɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟ- ɪɢɚɥɨɜ. Ⱦɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɭɧɤɬ ɦɟɧɸ MODEL.
Ⱦɥɹ ɜɵɹɫɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɢɤɚ A, K, C ɧɚ ɤɪɢɜɭɸ ɩɟɬɥɢ ɝɢɫɬɟɪɟɡɢɫɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɡɚɝɪɭɡɢɬɶ ɩɪɢɦɟɪ core.cir ɢɡ ɤɚɬɚɥɨɝɚ Components\Passive Comp (book-mc.rar) ɢ ɡɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨ- ɰɟɫɫɨɜ. Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɦɧɨɝɨɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɪɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ. ȼɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɜ ɬɚɛɥ. 5.5:
Ɍ ɚ ɛ ɥ ɢ ɰ ɚ 5 . 5 . Ʉɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɚ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ
ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ
ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪ |
µ |
HC |
BR |
A |
– |
+ |
+ |
K |
|
+ |
+ |
C |
+ |
– |
– |
ȼ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ µ — ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɧɢɰɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ; HC — ɜɟɥɢɱɢ- ɧɚ ɤɨɷɪɰɢɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɫɢɥɵ; BR — ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɢɧɞɭɤɰɢɢ.
ɉɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɜ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɥɹ H ɢ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɣ ɢɧɞɭɤɰɢɢ B
ȼ ɨɤɧɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ (Transient Analysis Limits) ɜ ɝɪɚɮɟ Y expression ɦɨɠɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɜ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɵɯ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ ɜ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɢɤɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ:
B(L1) — ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɢɧɞɭɤɰɢɢ B ɜ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɢɤɟ ɤɚ- ɬɭɲɤɢ L1 ɜ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɋȽɋ (ɝɚɭɫɫ);
5. Ɇɨɞɟɥɢ ɧ ɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ |
193 |
H(L1) — ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨ- ɥɹ H ɜ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɢɤɟ ɤɚɬɭɲɤɢ L1 ɜ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɋȽɋ (ɷɪɫɬɟɞ);
BSI(L1) — ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɢɧɞɭɤɰɢɢ B ɜ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɢɤɟ ɤɚ- ɬɭɲɤɢ L1 ɜ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɋɂ (ɬɟɫɥɚ);
HSI(L1) — ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ H ɜ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɢɤɟ ɤɚɬɭɲɤɢ L1 ɜ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɋɂ (A/ɦ).
5.2.5. Ɍɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪ (Transformer)
Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ ɫɯɟɦ Micro-Cap
xɬɪɢɛɭɬ PART: <ɢɦɹ>
ɉɪɢɦɟɪ: T1
x ɬɪɢɛɭɬ VALUE: <ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɨɣ ɨɛɦɨɬɤɢ>,<ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɨɣ ɨɛɦɨɬɤɢ>, <ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɫɜɹɡɢ>
ɉɪɢɦɟɪ: .01,.0001,.98
Transformer
K1
1m, 10m, 0.99
Ɋɢɫ. 5.14. Ɍɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪ
Ɏɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɞɜɟ ɤɚɬɭɲɤɢ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɛɨɣ (ɩɪɨɧɢɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɦ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɵɦ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɦ). ȿɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɚ ɞɜɭɦ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɤɚɬɭɲɤɚɦ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɦ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɨɛɳɢɣ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɣ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɢɤ (ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ Ʉ ɛɟɡ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɢɦɟɧɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ, ɫɦ. 5.2.4), ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸ- ɳɢɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ ɜɡɚɢɦɧɨɣ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɤɚɬɭɲɟɤ. Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɫɜɹɡɢ Ʉ ɫɜɹɡɚɧ ɫ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɜɡɚɢɦɧɨɣ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɚɬɭɲɟɤ M ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ
ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɦ: |
M |
|
K |
|
, |
|
||
|
LPLS |
|
ɝɞɟ LP, LS — ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɨɣ ɢ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɨɣ ɨɛɦɨɬɨɤ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ.
ɉɪɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɦ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɵɦ ɩɥɸɫɨɜɵɦ ɜɵɜɨɞɨɦ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɨɣ 1/GMIN, ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɧɟ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɥɢ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɫɨ ɫɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬ- ɦɨɜ (ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɝɚɥɶɜɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɫ «ɡɟɦɥɟɣ»).
ȿɳɟ ɨɞɢɧ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɚ — ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɫɯɟɦɧɨɣ ɦɚɤɪɨɦɨ- ɞɟɥɢ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɣ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɨɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɍɚɤ Micro-Cap ɢɦɟɟɬ
ɜɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɭɸ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɞɜɭɯɨɛɦɨɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɚ ɫɨ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɬɨɱɤɨɣ
Component>Analog Primitives>Macros>Centap.
ȼɫɟ 3 ɫɩɨɫɨɛa ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɚ ɜ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɞɥɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɥ-
ɥɸɫɬɪɢɪɭɟɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɪ transformer.cir ɢɡ ɤɚɬɚɥɨɝɚ Components\Passive Comp
(book-mc.rar).
ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɜ Micro-Cap ɢɦɟɸɬɫɹ ɜɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɟ ɦɚɤɪɨɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɨɜ, ɧɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ. Ɉɧɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɯ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɬɨɤɚ, ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ. ɗɬɨ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧ-
ɬɵ ɢɡ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ Component>Analog Primitives>Macros: Ideal_Trans2, Ideal_Trans3, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɜɭɯɨɛɦɨɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɬɪɟɯɨɛɦɨɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɨɜ. Ɉɧɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɩɪɢ ɦɨɞɟ- ɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɧɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ, ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɢɟ ɜ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɯ (ɜ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɹɯ ɧɚɦɚɝɧɢɱɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɚɫɫɟɢɜɚɧɢɹ).
194 |
ɉɪɨɝɪ ɦɦ ɫɯɟɦɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜ ɧɢɹ Micro-Cap. ȼɟɪɫɢɢ 9, 10 |
ɉɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɞɨɩɨɥ- ɧɟɧɚ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɧɚɦɚɝɧɢɱɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɪɚɧɫ- ɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɫɨ 100%-ɣ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɶɸ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɨɛɦɨɬɤɚɦɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨ- ɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɚ ɫ ɧɟɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɶɸ ɜ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɢɧ- ɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɦɚɝɧɢɱɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɢ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɫɫɟɹɧɢɹ ɨɛɦɨ- ɬɨɤ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ, ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɚɹ ɬɪɟɦ ɜɵɲɟɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɦ, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɧɟɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɚɹ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɡɚɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɨɷɮɮɢ- ɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɫɜɹɡɢ K<1, ɚ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɦ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɪɚɫɫɟɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ (ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɧɚ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɨɜ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɦɚɝ- ɧɢɱɢɜɚɧɢɹ).
5.2.6. Ⱦɥɢɧɧɚɹ ɥɢɧɢɹ (Tline)
Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ SPICE
ɂɞɟɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɥɢɧɢɹ ɛɟɡ ɩɨɬɟɪɶ
T<ɢɦɹ> <A ɩɨɪɬ+> <A ɩɨɪɬ –> <B ɩɨɪɬ+> <B ɩɨɪɬ–> [ɢɦɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ] +[Z0=<ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ> [TD=<ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ>] | [F=<ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ> [NL=<ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ>]]]
ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ:
T1 10 20 30 40 Z0=50 TD=3.5ns
T1 10 20 30 40 Z0=150 F=125Meg NL=0.5
T1 20 30 40 50 TLMODEL
Ʌɢɧɢɹ ɫ ɩɨɬɟɪɹɦɢ
T<ɢɦɹ> <A ɩɨɪɬ +> <A ɩɨɪɬ–> <B ɩɨɪɬ+> <B ɩɨɪɬ–>
+[<ɢɦɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ> [ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɞɥɢɧɚ]]
+[LEN=<ɞɥɢɧɚ>
+R=<ɩɨɝɨɧɧɨɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ> L=<ɩɨɝɨɧɧɚɹ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ>
+G=<ɩɨɝɨɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ> C=<ɩɨɝɨɧɧɚɹ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ>]
|
ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ: |
|
|
Tline |
||||
|
T1 |
20 30 40 50 LEN=1 R=.5 L=.8U C=56PF |
|
|
||||
|
LEN =100 R=3m C =1p L=1n |
|||||||
|
T3 |
1 2 3 4 TMODEL 12.0 |
||||||
|
A+ |
|
|
B+ |
||||
|
Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ ɫɯɟɦ Micro-Cap (ɪɢɫ. 5.16) |
|
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
x |
ɬɪɢɛɭɬ PART: <ɢɦɹ> |
|
|
T1 |
|
|||
|
ɉɪɢɦɟɪ: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
T1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A- |
|
|
B- |
|||
|
Ⱦɥɹ ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɥɢɧɧɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɛɟɡ ɩɨɬɟɪɶ |
|
|
|||||
|
Ɋɢɫ. 5.15. Ⱦɥɢɧɧɚɹ ɥɢɧɢɹ |
|||||||
x |
ɬɪɢɛɭɬ VALUE: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Z0=<ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ> [ɌD=<ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ>] | [F=<ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ> [NL=<ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ>]];
Ɂɞɟɫɶ Z0 — ɜɨɥɧɨɜɨɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɥɢɧɢɢ (Ɉɦ); TD — ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɜ ɥɢɧɢɢ (ɫ); NL — ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɞɥɢɧɚ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɧɚ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɟ F (NL=L/ , ɝɞɟ L — ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɞɥɢɧɚ ɥɢɧɢɢ, — ɞɥɢɧɚ ɜɨɥɧɵ ɜ ɥɢɧɢɢ, ɩɨ ɭɦɨɥɱɚɧɢɸ
NL=0.25).
ɉɪɢ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɢ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɡɚɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪ TD ɥɢɛɨ F ɢ NL. ɉɪɢɦɟɪ:
Z0=50 TD=3.5ns
Ⱦɥɹ ɞɥɢɧɧɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɫ ɩɨɬɟɪɹɦɢ:
xɬɪɢɛɭɬ VALUE: <ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɞɥɢɧɚ> LEN=<ɞɥɢɧɚ>
5. Ɇɨɞɟɥɢ ɧ ɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ |
195 |
R=<ɩɨɝɨɧɧɨɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ> L=<ɩɨɝɨɧɧɚɹ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ> G=<ɩɨɝɨɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ> C=<ɩɨɝɨɧɧɚɹ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ>
ɉɪɢɦɟɪ:
LEN=1 R=.5 L=.8U C=56PF
R=.5 L=.8U C=56PF
x ɬɪɢɛɭɬ MODEL: [ɢɦɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ]
ɉɪɢɦɟɪ: RELAY
Ɋɢɫ. 5.16. Ɉɤɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɞɥɢɧɧɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ
Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɣ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɞɥɢɧɧɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ:
.MODEL <ɢɦɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ> TRN(ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ)
ɍɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɞɥɢɧɧɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ
ɗɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɡɚɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɢɧɧɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɛɟɡ ɩɨɬɟɪɶ ɢ ɫ ɩɨɬɟɪɹɦɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 5.17. ɉɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɞɜɭɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ — ɪɟɚɥɢ- ɡɚɰɢɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ (delay). ȼ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɛɟɡ ɩɨ- ɬɟɪɶ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɟɣ, ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɩɢɫɤɨɦ ɩɚɪ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ (ɜɪɟɦɹ, ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ) ɫɨ ɫɞɜɢɝɨɦ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ.
ȼ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɫ ɩɨɬɟɪɹɦɢ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɦ ɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɚ ɫɜɟɪɬɤɢ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɧɨɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɫ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɦ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɜɵ- ɯɨɞɟ. ɂɦɩɭɥɶɫɧɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɵ. ɉɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɧɚ-
ɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɧɨɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɛɵɫɬɪɵɦ ɢ ɬɨɱɧɵɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɵɦ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ Ɏɭɪɶɟ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɜ S-ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ. ɋɜɟɪɬɤɚ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɭɦɟɜɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨ- ɜɚɧɢɹ ɥɸɛɨɝɨ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ.
196 |
ɉɪɨɝɪ ɦɦ ɫɯɟɦɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜ ɧɢɹ Micro-Cap. ȼɟɪɫɢɢ 9, 10 |
Ɋɢɫ. 5.17. ɋɯɟɦɚ ɡɚɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɢɧɧɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ
Ɍ ɚ ɛ ɥ ɢ ɰ ɚ 5 . 6 . ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɞɥɢɧɧɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ
Ɉɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ |
ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ |
Ɋɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ |
Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨ |
|
ɭɦɨɥɱɚɧɢɸ |
||||
|
|
|
||
|
ɂɞɟɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɥɢɧɢɹ ɛɟɡ ɩɨɬɟɪɶ |
|
||
Z0 |
ȼɨɥɧɨɜɨɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ |
Ɉɦ |
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
TD |
ȼɪɟɦɹ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ |
ɫ |
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
F |
ɑɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ NL |
Ƚɰ |
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
NL |
ɗɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɞɥɢɧɚ ɧɚ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɟ F |
|
0,25 |
|
(ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɥɢɧɵ ɜɨɥɧɵ) |
|
|||
|
|
|
||
|
Ʌɢɧɢɹ ɫ ɩɨɬɟɪɹɦɢ |
|
|
|
R |
ɉɨɝɨɧɧɨɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ |
Ɉɦ/ɦ |
— |
|
L |
ɉɨɝɨɧɧɚɹ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ |
Ƚɧ/ɦ |
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
G |
ɉɨɝɨɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ |
ɋɦ/ɦ |
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
ɋ |
ɉɨɝɨɧɧɚɹ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ |
Ɏ/ɦ |
— |
|
LEN |
Ⱦɥɢɧɚ ɥɢɧɢɢ |
ɦ |
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɬɢɩɵ ɞɥɢɧɧɵɯ ɥɢɧɢɣ — RLC, RC, RG, ɢ LC. ɇɟɧɭɥɟɜɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬ- ɪɨɜ R, L, C, ɢ G, ɡɚɞɚɸɳɢɟ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɬɢɩ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ, ɜɵɡɨɜɭɬ ɫɨɨɛ- ɳɟɧɢɟ ɨɛ ɨɲɢɛɤɟ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɨɛɨɢɯ ɬɢɩɨɜ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɬɪɨɤɟ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɚ VALUE ɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɫɬɪɨɤɢ VALUE ɢɦɟɸɬ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬ ɢ ɡɚɦɟɳɚɸɬ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚɯ. ȿɫɥɢ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɬɨɪ ɞɥɢɧɵ <ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɞɥɢɧɚ> ɡɚɞɚɧ, ɬɨ ɨɧ ɡɚɦɟɳɚɟɬ ɩɚɪɚ- ɦɟɬɪ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ LEN.
Ʌɢɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɛɟɡ ɩɨɬɟɪɶ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɟ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɜɵɩɨɥ- ɧɹɟɬ ɪɨɥɶ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɢ, ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɟ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɨɧɚ ɩɪɟɞ- ɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɛɟɡɵɧɟɪɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɡɜɟɧɨ ɫ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɣ Ɏɑɏ.
ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɥɢɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɛɟɡ ɩɨɬɟɪɶ — tline_01.cir, tline_02.cir, tline_03.cir; ɥɢɧɢɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɫ ɩɨɬɟɪɹɦɢ — tline_L_3.cir. ɋɯɟɦɵ ɧɚ- ɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɚɬɚɥɨɝɟ Components\Passive Comp (book-mc.rar).
5. Ɇɨɞɟɥɢ ɧ ɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ |
197 |
5.3. ɂɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ
ȼɵɛɢɪɚɸɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚ ɦɟɧɸ Component>Analog Primitives>Waveform sources.
5.3.1. ɇɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɬɨɤɚ
Ɍɨɱɤɚ ɧɭɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ ɢɥɢ ɨɛɳɢɣ ɩɪɨɜɨɞ (Ground)
— ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ Ground. ȼɵɛɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚ Component>Analog primitives>Connectors. ȿɝɨ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɡɟɦɥɹ, ɨɛɳɢɣ ɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɢɥɢ ɬɨɱɤɚ ɧɭɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ. ɗɬɨɬ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɫɯɟɦɟ, ɩɪɢ ɟɝɨ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ.
ɂɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ (Battery)
|
Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ ɫɯɟɦ Micro-Cap |
|
Battery |
|||||
x |
ɬɪɢɛɭɬ PART: <ɢɦɹ> |
|
V1 |
|||||
x |
ɬɪɢɛɭɬ VALUE: <ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ> |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- 5V + |
||||||||
x |
ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ: |
|||||||
x |
5V |
Ɋɢɫ. 5.18. ɂɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ |
||||||
x |
15V |
ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ |
||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Ȼɚɬɚɪɟɹ (Battery) ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ. ɇɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɟɟ ɜɵɜɨɞɚɯ ɪɚɜɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɦɭ <ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸ>, ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ ɨɬ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɤ ɧɟɣ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɰɟɩɢ.
Ɏɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɫɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɰɟɩɟɣ (Fixed Analog)
|
Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ ɫɯɟɦ Micro-Cap |
Fixed Analog |
||
x |
ɬɪɢɛɭɬ PART: <ɢɦɹ> |
12V |
|
|
x |
ɬɪɢɛɭɬ VALUE <ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ> |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ: |
Ɋɢɫ. 5.19. ɂɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ |
||
|
15V |
|||
|
ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ |
|||
|
12.5 |
|||
|
|
|
|
|
Ʉɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ Fixed Analog ɧɚ ɫɜɨɟɦ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɨ- ɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ, ɪɚɜɧɵɣ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɦɭ <ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸ>, ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ ɨɬ ɩɨɞɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɰɟɩɢ. ɉɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ ɜ ɫɯɟɦɭ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɸ ɛɚɬɚɪɟɢ ɫ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ, ɨɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɜɵ-
ɜɨɞɨɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧ ɤ ɡɟɦɥɟ (Ground 
).
ɂɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ (Isource)
|
Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ ɫɯɟɦ Micro-Cap |
|
Isource |
|||
x |
ɬɪɢɛɭɬ PART: <ɢɦɹ> |
|
+ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
x |
ɬɪɢɛɭɬ VALUE: <ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ> |
|
|
|
|
I1 |
|
ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- |
|
|
100mA |
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
100mA |
Ɋɢɫ. 5.20. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
1E-6 |
ɂɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ |
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ʉɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ Isource ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ. Ɍɨɤ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɪɚɜɟɧ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɦɭ <ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸ>, ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ ɨɬ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɤ ɟɝɨ ɜɵɜɨɞɚɦ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɰɟɩɢ.
198 |
ɉɪɨɝɪ ɦɦ ɫɯɟɦɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜ ɧɢɹ Micro-Cap. ȼɟɪɫɢɢ 9, 10 |
5.3.2. ɂɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ, ɡɚɜɢɫɹɳɟɝɨ ɨɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ (ɜ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɟ Micro-Cap)
ɂɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ (Pulse source)
|
Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ ɫɯɟɦ Micro-Cap (ɪɢɫ. 5.23) |
Pulse source |
||||||||
x |
ɬɪɢɛɭɬ PART: <ɢɦɹ> |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
x |
ɬɪɢɛɭɬ MODEL: <ɢɦɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ> |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
V1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɣ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
M ODEL=PU LSE |
|||||||||
ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ |
Ɋɢɫ. 5.21. ɂɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ |
|||||||||
.MODEL <ɢɦɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ> PUL([ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ]) |
||||||||||
ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ |
||||||||||
ɉɪɢɦɟɪ:
.MODEL STEP PUL (VZERO=.5 VONE=4.5 P1=10n P2=20n P3=100n
P4=110n P5=500n)
ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥ. 5.7, ɝɪɚɮɢɤ ɟɝɨ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɟɦ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɯ ɬɨɱɟɤ — ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 5.22, ɨɤɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ — ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 5.23.
Ɍ ɚ ɛ ɥ ɢ ɰ ɚ 5 . 7 . ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ Micro-Cap
Ɉɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ |
ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ |
Ɋɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ |
Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨ |
|
ɭɦɨɥɱɚɧɢɸ |
||||
|
|
|
||
VZERO |
ɇɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ |
ȼ |
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
VONE |
Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ |
ȼ |
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ɋ1 |
ɇɚɱɚɥɨ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ |
ɫ |
1E-7 |
|
Ɋ2 |
ɇɚɱɚɥɨ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɣ ɜɟɪɲɢɧɵ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɚ |
ɫ |
1.1E-7 |
|
ɊɁ |
Ʉɨɧɟɰ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɣ ɜɟɪɲɢɧɵ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɚ |
ɫ |
5E-7 |
|
Ɋ4 |
Ɇɨɦɟɧɬ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ VZERO |
ɫ |
5.1E-7 |
|
Ɋ5 |
ɉɟɪɢɨɞ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɟɧɢɹ |
ɫ |
1E-6 |
ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ. ȼ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ AC ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ ɨɬ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɜɵɞɚɟɬ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɫ ɟɞɢɧɢɱɧɨɣ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɨɣ. Ɍ.ɟ. ɞɥɹ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɋ ɭɡɥɵ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɦɟɫɬɨɦ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɝɚɪ- ɦɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɳɟɣɫɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɢ ɟɞɢɧɢɱɧɨɣ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɵ.
Ɋɢɫ. 5.22. Ɉɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɟ Ɇicro-Cap
5. Ɇɨɞɟɥɢ ɧ ɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ |
199 |
ɇɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ (ɫɩɚɞɚ) ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɚ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɚ Micro-Cap (Pulse) ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɦɭ ɡɚɤɨɧɭ. ɉɪɢ ɧɟ-
ɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɮɪɨɧɬɨɜ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɚ SPICE (Voltage Source ɢɥɢ Current Source, ɫɦ. ɞɚɥɟɟ).
Ɋɢɫ. 5.23. Ɉɤɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ
Ƚɟɧɟɪɢɪɭɟɦɵɣ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ PULSE ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɜɪɟ- ɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ:
V |
|
, |
|
ɩɪɢ |
0 |
T |
P |
|
|
|
|
||
° |
|
ZERO |
|
|
VONE |
VZERO |
1 |
|
|
|
|
||
°V |
|
|
|
T |
P |
, ɩɪɢ |
P |
T P |
|||||
|
|
|
P |
P |
|||||||||
° |
|
ZERO |
|
|
|
1 |
1 |
2 |
|||||
° |
|
|
|
2 |
|
1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ɩɪɢ P2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
, |
||
V (t) ®VONE , |
|
|
T |
P3 |
|
|
|||||||
° |
|
|
|
VZERO |
VONE |
T |
P , ɩɪɢ P |
|
|
||||
°V |
|
|
T |
P |
|||||||||
|
|
|
P |
|
|||||||||
° |
ONE |
|
|
P |
|
|
|
3 |
3 |
|
4 |
||
° |
|
|
|
4 |
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ɩɪɢ |
P4 |
|
P5 |
|
|
|
|||
¯VZERO , |
|
T |
|
|
|
||||||||
ɝɞɟ 7 7 0( PRG 3 ɂɦɩɭɥɶɫ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɟɬɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɤɚɠɞɵɟ 3 ɫɟɤɭɧɞ ɋɥɟ- ɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ PULSE ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ
ɫɨɛɥɸɞɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɟɪɚɜɟɧɫɬɜɨ P5 P4 P3 |
P2 P1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ɂɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɫɢɧɭɫɨɢɞɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ |
Sine source |
||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
(Sine source) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
V2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ ɫɯɟɦ Micro-Cap (ɪɢɫ. 5.26) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
x |
ɬɪɢɛɭɬ PART: <ɢɦɹ> |
|
M ODEL=1M H Z |
|||||
|
Ɋɢɫ. 5.24. ɂɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ |
|||||||
x |
ɬɪɢɛɭɬ MODEL: <ɢɦɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ> |
|
||||||
|
|
|
ɫɢɧɭɫɨɢɞɵ |
|||||
200 |
ɉɪɨɝɪ ɦɦ ɫɯɟɦɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜ ɧɢɹ Micro-Cap. ȼɟɪɫɢɢ 9, 10 |
Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɣ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɫɢɧɭɫɨɢɞɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ
.MODEL <ɢɦɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ> SIN ([ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ])
ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɫɢɧɭɫɨɢɞɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥ. 5.8, ɚ ɟɝɨ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 5.25, ɨɤɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ — ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 5.26.
Ɍ ɚ ɛ ɥ ɢ ɰ ɚ 5 . 8 . ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ
Micro-Cap
Ɉɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ |
ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ |
|
Ɋɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ |
Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨ |
|
|
|
|
|
ɭɦɨɥɱɚɧɢɸ |
|
F |
ɑɚɫɬɨɬɚ |
|
Ƚɰ |
1E6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ⱥ |
ɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɚ |
|
ȼ |
1 |
|
DC |
ɉɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɚɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɚɹ |
|
ȼ |
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ɋɇ |
ɇɚɱɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɮɚɡɚ |
|
ɪɚɞɢɚɧ |
0 |
|
RS |
ȼɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ |
|
Ɉɦ |
1E-3 |
|
|
|
|
|
||
RP |
ɉɟɪɢɨɞ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɷɤɫɩɨɧɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ |
ɫ |
0 |
||
ɡɚɬɭɯɚɧɢɹ |
|
||||
|
|
|
|
||
TAU |
ɉɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɚɹ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭ- |
ɫ |
0 |
||
ɞɵ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɩɨ ɷɤɫɩɨɧɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɡɚɤɨɧɭ |
|||||
|
|
|
|||
ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ. |
ɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɚ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ |
ɋ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɜɧɨɣ 1 ȼ |
|
||
ɍɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ: |
|
A sin>2 F TIME PH@. |
||
ȿɫɥɢ TAU=0, ɬɨ Vsin |
DC |
|||
|
|
|
T |
|
ȿɫɥɢ TAU 0, ɬɨ V |
|
A e |
|
sin>2 F TIME PH@, |
DC |
TAU |
|||
sin |
|
|
|
|
ɝɞɟ T=TIME mod RP. |
|
|
|
|
Ɋɢɫ. 5.25. ɋɢɧɭɫɨɢɞɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɫ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɷɤɫɩɨɧɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɡɚɬɭɯɚɧɢɟɦ