Микросхемотехника / amelina_m_a_amelin_s_a_programma_shemotehnicheskogo_modeliro
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5. Ɇɨɞɟɥɢ ɧ ɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ |
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Ɋɢɫ. 5.26. Ɉɤɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɫɢɧɭɫɨɢɞɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ |
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ɂɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ, ɡɚɞɚɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɦ ɮɚɣɥɨɦ |
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Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ ɫɯɟɦ Micro-Cap (ɪɢɫ. 5.28) |
User source |
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ɬɪɢɛɭɬ PART: <ɢɦɹ> |
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ɉɪɢɦɟɪ: |
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U1 |
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U1 |
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ɬɪɢɛɭɬ FILE: <ɢɦɹ ɮɚɣɥɚ> |
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FILE=D:\M C 9\ex p.usr |
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ɉɪɢɦɟɪ: |
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AMP.USR |
Ɋɢɫ. 5.27. ɂɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ |
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ɬɪɢɛɭɬ EXPRESSION: [ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ] |
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ɉɪɢɦɟɪ: |
ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɜɚɟɦɵɣ |
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ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɦ |
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V(OUT) vs T |
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LABEL vs T |
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x ɬɪɢɛɭɬ REPEAT: [ɰɟɥɨɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ] |
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ɉɪɢɦɟɪ: |
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ɬɪɢɛɭɬ ENABLE_EXPR:[ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ] |
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ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ: |
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V(OUT)>3.2
Time>110ns
ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ, ɮɨɪɦɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɡɚɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɦ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɦ ɮɚɣɥɟ. ɉɨɜɬɨɪɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɪɚɡ (ɡɧɚɱɟ- ɧɢɟ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɚ REPEAT) ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ TRANSIENT, ɨɞɢɧ ɪɚɡ — ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɚɯ AC- ɢ DC-ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ.
ɉɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɞɚɬɶ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɡ- ɜɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ. Ɉɬɫɱɟɬɵ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɡɚɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɣ ɮɚɣɥ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɨɟ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɟ .USR. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɮɚɣɥɟ ɡɚɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɳɟɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɬɫɱɟɬɨɜ N ɢ ɩɚɪɵ ɱɢɫɟɥ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɨɜ
202 ɉɪɨɝɪ ɦɦ ɫɯɟɦɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜ ɧɢɹ Micro-Cap. ȼɟɪɫɢɢ 9, 10
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɢɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ. ɗɬɨɬ ɮɚɣɥ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɨɡɞɚɧ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɥɸɛɨɝɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɟɞɚɤɬɨɪɚ (ɧɚ ɱɬɨ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭ- ɟɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ) ɢɥɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɧɟ- ɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ. ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. 5.28 ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɨɤɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ. Ɍɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɣ ɮɚɣɥ ɫ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɟɦ *.usr ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɨɡɞɚɧ ɡɚɪɚɧɟɟ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɫɨ- ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɪɢɜɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɨ-
ɫɥɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɜ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɞɜɨɣɧɵɦ ɳɟɥɱɤɨɦ ɥɟɜɨɣ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɢ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɟ ɨɤɧɨ Properties, ɜ ɧɟɦ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɤɚ Save Curves ɢ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɝɪɚɮɢɤ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɦɵ ɯɨɬɢɦ ɜɡɹɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚ- ɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ, ɡɚɬɟɦ ɧɚɠɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɧɨɩɤɚ Save.
ȼ ɨɤɧɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ (ɪɢɫ. 5.28) ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɜ ɩɨ- ɡɢɰɢɢ EXPRESSION ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɬɶ, ɤɚɤɚɹ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɡɚɜɢ- ɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɚ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ (ɜ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɷɬɨ ɡɚɜɢɫɢ- ɦɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ V(2) ɨɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ — V(2) vs T), ɚ ɜ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ FILE ɢɦɹ ɢ ɩɭɬɶ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ *.USR ɮɚɣɥɚ (ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɨɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɤɧɨɩɤɨɣ BROWSE).
Ɉɬɦɟɬɢɦ, ɱɬɨ ɟɫɥɢ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɪɢɜɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɦɨɣ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɧɚ LABEL vs T, ɬɨ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɸ EXPRESSION ɜ ɨɤɧɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɨɜ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɟ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɜ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɚ ENABLE_EXPR ɡɚɞɚɟɬɫɹ [ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ], ɨɧɨ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɟɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɩɪɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɢ ɟɝɨ ɢɫɬɢɧɧɨɫɬɢ. ȿɫɥɢ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ, ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɚ. Ʉɨɝɞɚ [ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ] ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɢɫɬɢɧɧɵɦ, ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɝɟ- ɧɟɪɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ, ɟɫɥɢ ɨɧɨ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɥɨɠɧɵɦ, ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɮɢɤɫɢ- ɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɢ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɨɦ ɢɡ ɢɫɬɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɜ ɥɨɠɧɨɟ.
ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɫ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɫɦ. ɜ ɫɯɟɦɧɵɯ ɮɚɣɥɚɯ Waveform Sources.CIR, User4.CIR ɤɚɬɚɥɨɝɚ Components\Sources
(book-mc.rar).
Ɋɢɫ. 5.28. Ɉɤɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ
ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ Component>Analog Primitives>Waveform sources ɢɦɟɸɬɫɹ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɫɯɟɦɧɵɯ ɦɚɤɪɨɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ. ɗɬɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ: 3 Phase Triangle — ɬɪɟɯɮɚɡɧɨɝɨ
5. Ɇɨɞɟɥɢ ɧ ɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ |
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ɬɪɟɭɝɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ, Staircase — ɫɬɭɩɟɧɱɚɬɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ, NTC7 — ɬɟɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɟɨɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ.
ɋɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɝɟɧɟɪɢɪɭɟɦɵɟ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɵ ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɢɪɭɟɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɪ Special_New_MC8.cir ɢɡ ɤɚɬɚɥɨɝɚ Components\Sources.
ɂɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ, ɡɚɞɚɜɚɟɦɵɣ WAV-ɮɚɣɥɨɦ (MC10)
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Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ ɫɯɟɦ Micro-Cap (ɪɢɫ. 5.30) |
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ɬɪɢɛɭɬ PART: <ɢɦɹ> |
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ɉɪɢɦɟɪ: |
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W1 |
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ɬɪɢɛɭɬ FILE: <ɢɦɹ ɮɚɣɥɚ> |
wav file source |
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ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ: |
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AUDIO2.WAV |
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ode_to_joy.wav |
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xɬɪɢɛɭɬ CHANNEL: <ɧɨɦɟɪ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ>
ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ:
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FILE=gin.wav |
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Ɋɢɫ. 5.29. ɂɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ |
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x ɬɪɢɛɭɬ SCALE: <ɦɧɨɠɢɬɟɥɶ> |
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ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɦ |
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ɢɡ WAV-ɮɚɣɥɚ |
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x ɬɪɢɛɭɬ REPEAT <ɱɢɫɥɨ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɨɜ> |
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ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ: |
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x ɬɪɢɛɭɬ ENABLE <ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ> |
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ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ: |
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Time>110mS |
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Record_flag=TRUE |
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Ɋɢɫ. 5.30. Ɉɤɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ WAV-ɮɚɣɥɚ
204 ɉɪɨɝɪ ɦɦ ɫɯɟɦɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜ ɧɢɹ Micro-Cap. ȼɟɪɫɢɢ 9, 10
<ɢɦɹ ɮɚɣɥɚ> — ɢɦɹ WAV-ɮɚɣɥɚ.
<ɧɨɦɟɪ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ> — ɢɦɹ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ ɡɜɭɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɮɚɣɥɚ, ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧ ɜ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɟ.
<ɦɧɨɠɢɬɟɥɶ> — ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɵɣ ɦɧɨɠɢɬɟɥɶ ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɭɦɧɨɠɚɸɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɟ- ɧɢɹ WAV-ɮɚɣɥɚ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ.
<ɱɢɫɥɨ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɨɜ> — ɱɢɫɥɨ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɨɜ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɦɨɝɨ WAV-ɮɚɣɥɚ.
<ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ> — WAV-ɮɚɣɥ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɢɫɬɨɱ- ɧɢɤɨɦ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ, ɟɫɥɢ ɷɬɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɢɫɬɢɧɧɨ.
ȼɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɧɚ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɢɫɬɨɱ- ɧɢɤɚ ɪɚɜɧɨ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɜ WAV-ɮɚɣɥɟ.
Ʉɧɨɩɤɚ Play ɜ ɨɤɧɟ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɨɜ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɢɝɪɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɦɨɝɨ ɮɚɣɥɚ. ɋɢɝɧɚɥ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɨɫɥɭ- ɲɚɬɶ, ɧɚɯɨɞɹɫɶ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ Transient
Analysis/F10 /Save Curves/Play button.
ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ WAV-ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɫɦ. ɫɯɟɦɵ
WAV.CIR, WAVSource.cir ɢɡ ɤɚɬɚɥɨɝɚ Components\Sources (book-mc.rar).
5.3.3. ɇɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɬɨɤɚ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɚ SPICE
ɇɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ (Voltage Source) ɢ ɬɨɤɚ (Current Source) ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ: ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɧɵɟ, ɫɢɧɭɫɨɢɞɚɥɶɧɵɟ, ɷɤɫɩɨɧɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ, ɤɭɫɨɱɧɨ-ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɟ, ɝɚɪɦɨ- ɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɭɥɹɰɢɟɣ ɢ ɞɪ. Ⱦɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɷɬɢɯ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɦ ɬɨɤɟ (dcvalue) — ɧɟɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɟ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ (ɪɟɠɢɦ ɋ) ɦɨɠɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɚɦ- ɩɥɢɬɭɞɭ (magval) ɢ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɮɚɡɭ (phaseval) ɷɬɢɯ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ.
Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ SPICE
ɇɢɠɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɫ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ, ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɫ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢ- ɤɚ ɬɨɤɚ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɣ, ɡɚ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɛɭɤɜɵ «I» ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɚ ɢɦɟɧɢ.
V<ɢɦɹ> <ɍɡɟɥ+> <ɭɡɟɥ–> [[DC] dcvalue] [AC magval [phaseval]]
+ [PULSE v1 v2 [td [tr [tf [pw [per]]]]]] |
(ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɵ ɫ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɦɢ ɮɪɨɧɬ ɦɢ) |
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ɢɥɢ [SIN vo va [f0 [td [df [ph]]]]] |
(ɫɢɧɭɫɨɢɞ ɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɢɝɧ ɥ) |
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ɢɥɢ [EXP v1 v2 [td1 [tc1 [td2 [tc2 ]]]]] |
(ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫ ɫ EXP ɮɪɨɧɬ ɦɢ) |
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ɢɥɢ [PWL t1 v1 t2 v2 ...[tn , vn]] |
(ɤɭɫɨɱɧɨ-ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɣ ɫɢɝɧ ɥ) |
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ɢɥɢ [SFFM vo va f0 [mi [fm]]] |
(ɱ ɫɬɨɬɧɨ-ɦɨɞɭɥɢɪɨɜ ɧɧɵɣ ɫɢɧɭɫ) |
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ɢɥɢ [NOISE interval [amplitude [start [end [seed]]]]] |
(ɲɭɦ) |
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ɢɥɢ [GAUSSIAN amp tpeak width [period]] |
(ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫ Ƚ ɭɫɫ ) |
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ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ: |
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2 0 DC |
0 AC 1 0 SIN 0 1 1MEG 100NS 1E6 0 |
;voltage-sin |
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3 0 DC |
0 AC 1 0 EXP 0 1 100N 100N 500N 100N |
;voltage-exp |
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I3 4 0 DC 0 AC 1 0 SFFM 0 1 1E6 .5 1E7 |
;current-sffm |
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V1 |
5 0 DC |
1 AC 1 0 NOISE 10N 1 100N 700N 1 |
;voltage-noise |
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5. Ɇɨɞɟɥɢ ɧ ɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ |
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Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ ɫɯɟɦ Micro-Cap (ɪɢɫ. 5.32) |
Voltage source |
Current source |
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ɬɪɢɛɭɬ PART: <ɢɦɹ> |
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ɬɪɢɛɭɬ VALUE: <ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ> |
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ȼ <ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ> ɜɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɬɚ ɠɟ ɢɧ- |
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ɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ, ɱɬɨ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢ- |
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Ɋɢɫ. 5.31. ɇɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɟ |
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ɤɨɜ ɜ SPICE, ɡɚ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɢɦɟɧɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ |
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ɢ ɧɨɦɟɪɨɜ ɭɡɥɨɜ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ. |
ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɬɨɤɚ |
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ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ:
DC 1 PULSE 0 1MA 12ns 8ns 110ns 240ns 500ns
I22 SPICE 0 DC 0 AC 1 0 SFFM 0 2 2E6 .5 1E7; current-sffm
ɍɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ ɢ ɢɯ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ, ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɢɠɟ, ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɤ ɪɟɠɢɦɭ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ. Ɇɚɥɨɫɢɝ- ɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɨ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɬɨɤɭ AC ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɵ ɢ ɮɚɡɵ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ, ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɜ ɫɩɢɫɤɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɤɥɸɱɟ- ɜɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ AC. Ɉɧɢ ɠɟ ɡɚɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɤɧɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɫɢɝɧɚ- ɥɚ ɜ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɹɯ AC magnitude, AC phase. ɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɨ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɦɭ ɬɨɤɭ ɢɫɩɨɥɶ- ɡɭɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɬɨɤɚ, ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ DC. Ɉɧɨ ɠɟ ɡɚɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɤɧɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɜ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɹɯ DC.
ɂɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ (PULSE)
Ɂɚɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ, ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɜ ɬɚɛɥ. 5.9. ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ, ɱɬɨ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɬɨɤɚ ɡɚ-
ɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɦ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ PULSE ɮɨɪɦɚɬɚ Micro-Cap. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɨɧ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɮɨɪ- ɦɢɪɭɟɬ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɧɵɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɫ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɦɢ ɮɪɨɧɬɨɦ ɢ ɫɩɚɞɨɦ:
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ɩɪɢ TD |
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TW , ɩɪɢ TD |
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̖̐̔ T=Time mod Per
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ɉɪɨɝɪ ɦɦ ɫɯɟɦɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜ ɧɢɹ Micro-Cap. ȼɟɪɫɢɢ 9, 10 |
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Ɍ ɚ ɛ ɥ ɢ ɰ ɚ 5 . 9 . ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ |
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V (Voltage Source) ɢɥɢ I (Current Source) |
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Ɉɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ |
ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ |
Ɋɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ |
Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨ |
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ɭɦɨɥɱɚɧɢɸ |
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V1 |
ɇɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ |
ȼ ɢɥɢ |
— |
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V2 |
Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ |
ȼ ɢɥɢ |
— |
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TD |
Ɂɚɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɞɨ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ |
ɋ |
0 |
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TR |
Ⱦɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ |
ɋ |
TSTEP |
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TF |
Ⱦɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɞɧɟɝɨ ɮɪɨɧɬɚ |
ɫ |
TSTEP |
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PW |
Ⱦɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɚ |
ɫ |
TSTOP |
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PER |
ɉɟɪɢɨɞ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɟɧɢɹ |
ɫ |
TSTOP |
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ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ. TSTEP — ɲɚɝ ɜɵɜɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɩɟɱɚɬɶ; TSTOP — ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ (ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ TSTEP ɢ TSTOP ɡɚɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɟ .TRAN
ɢɥɢ ɜ ɨɤɧɟ Transient Analysis Limits).
ɇɢɠɟ (ɪɢɫ. 5.32) ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧ ɜɢɞ ɨɤɧɚ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɧɨɝɨ ɢɫ- ɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ V(I).
Ɋɢɫ. 5.32. Ɉɤɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ c ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɦɢ ɮɪɨɧɬɚɦɢ PULSE
ɂɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɫɢɧɭɫɨɢɞɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ (SIN)
Ɂɚɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ, ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɜ ɬɚɛɥ. 5.10. ȼɵɞɚɟɬ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ, ɨɩɢ- ɫɵɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɨɣ:
5. Ɇɨɞɟɥɢ |
ɧ ɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ |
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Ɉɤɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɫ ɜɵɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɦ ɜ ɧɟɦ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɦ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 5.33. ɉɪɢɦɟɪ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɝɪɚɮɢɤ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ TRANSIENT — ɜ ɫɯɟɦɧɨɦ ɮɚɣ-
ɥɟ waveform_v.cir ɢɡ ɤɚɬɚɥɨɝɚ Components\Sources (book-mc.rar).
Ɍ ɚ ɛ ɥ ɢ ɰ ɚ 5 . 1 0 . ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ
V (Voltage Source) ɢɥɢ I (Current Source)
Ɉɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ |
ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ |
Ɋɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ |
Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨ |
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Ɋɢɫ. 5.33. Ɉɤɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ
ɂɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɨɞɢɧɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɚ ɫ ɷɤɫɩɨɧɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɮɪɨɧɬɚɦɢ (EXP)
Ɂɚɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ, ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɜ ɬɚɛɥ. 5.11. ɢ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɟ- ɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ:
208 ɉɪɨɝɪ ɦɦ ɫɯɟɦɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜ ɧɢɹ Micro-Cap. ȼɟɪɫɢɢ 9, 10
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Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 5.11. ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɷɤɫɩɨɧɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ
V (Voltage Source) ɢɥɢ I (Current Source)
Ɉɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ |
ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ |
Ɋɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ |
Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨ |
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ɫ |
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ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ. TSTEP — ɲɚɝ ɩɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɜɵɜɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɩɟɱɚɬɶ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɩɟɪɟ- ɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ (ɡɚɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɟ .TRAN ɢ ɞɭɛɥɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɤɧɟ Transient
Analysis Limits).
ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɨɞɢɧɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɚ ɫ ɷɤɫɩɨɧɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɮɪɨɧɬɚɦɢ ɢɥɥɸ- ɫɬɪɢɪɭɟɬ ɪɢɫ. 5.34, ɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 5.35 ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɨɤɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɫɢɝɧɚ- ɥɚ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɬɨɤɚ.
Ɋɢɫ. 5.34. ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɚ ɫ ɷɤɫɩɨɧɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɮɪɨɧɬɚɦɢ
5. Ɇɨɞɟɥɢ ɧ ɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ |
209 |
Ɋɢɫ. 5.35. Ɉɤɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɚ ɫ ɷɤɫɩɨɧɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɮɪɨɧɬɚɦɢ (ɞɥɹ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɬɨɤɚ)
ɉɪɢɦɟɪ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɝɪɚɮɢɤ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ TRANSIENT ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɯɟɦɧɨɦ ɮɚɣɥɟ waveform_v.cir ɢɡ ɤɚɬɚɥɨɝɚ Components\Sources (book-mc.rar).
ɂɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɫɢɧɭɫɨɢɞɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɫ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɭɥɹɰɢɟɣ (SFFM)
Ɂɚɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ, ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɜ ɬɚɛɥ. 5.12 ɢ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɟ- ɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɟɣ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ:
V (T) V 0 VA sin>2 F0 T MI sin 2 FM T @.
Ɍ ɚ ɛ ɥ ɢ ɰ ɚ 5 . 1 2 . ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ c ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɭɥɹɰɢɟɣ
ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ V (Voltage Source) ɢɥɢ I (Current Source)
Ɉɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ |
ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ |
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ɂɧɞɟɤɫ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɭɥɹɰɢɢ |
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ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. 5.36 ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɨɤɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɝɨ ɫɢɧɭɫɨɢ- ɞɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɭɥɹɰɢɟɣ.
210 |
ɉɪɨɝɪ ɦɦ ɫɯɟɦɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜ ɧɢɹ Micro-Cap. ȼɟɪɫɢɢ 9, 10 |
Ɋɢɫ. 5.36. Ɉɤɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɫɢɧɭɫɨɢɞɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ
ɫ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɭɥɹɰɢɟɣ
ɂɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɤɭɫɨɱɧɨ-ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ (PWL)
Ɂɚɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɚɦɢ ɬɨɱɟɤ ɢɡɥɨɦɚ (Ti, Vi), ɫɦ. ɨɤɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɟɝɨ ɩɚɪɚ- ɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɫ ɜɵɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɦ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɦ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 5.37.
Ɉɛɳɢɣ ɮɨɪɦɚɬ
PWL [TRIGGER=<{ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ}>] +[TIME_SCALE_FACTOR=<ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ>] +[VALUE_SCALE_FACTOR=<ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ>] +(ɩɚɪɵ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬ ɬɨɱɟɤ ɩɨɥɢɥɢɧɢɢ)
ɋɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɫ (ɩɚɪɵ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬ ɬɨɱɟɤ ɩɨɥɢɥɢɧɢɢ): <ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ tin>,<ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ in>
ȿɫɥɢ ɜ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɨɤɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɵɟ ɦɧɨɠɢɬɟɥɢ ɩɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ
(Time_Scale_Factor) ɢ (ɢɥɢ) ɩɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸ (Value_Scale_Factor), ɬɨ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬ-
ɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɵ ɭɦɧɨɠɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɵɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɬɨɱɟɤ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɥɨɦɚɧɭɸ ɥɢɧɢɸ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ, ɩɚɪɵ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɡɧɚɤ ɩɪɨɛɟɥɚ:
(<tin1>,<in1>) (<tin2>,<in2>) ... (<tinm>,<inm>)
ɋɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɫ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ, ɡɚɞɚɸɳɢɣ ɩɨɜɬɨɪ ɥɨɦɚɧɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ n ɪɚɡ:
REPEAT FOR <n> (ɩɚɪɵ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɩɨɥɢɥɢɧɢɢ)* ENDREPEAT
ɋɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɫ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ, ɡɚɞɚɸɳɢɣ ɛɟɫɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɣ ɩɨɜɬɨɪ ɥɨɦɚɧɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ:
REPEAT FOREVER (ɩɚɪɵ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬ ɬɨɱɟɤ ɩɨɥɢɥɢɧɢɢ)* ENDREPEAT