Микросхемотехника / amelina_m_a_amelin_s_a_programma_shemotehnicheskogo_modeliro
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5. Ɇɨɞɟɥɢ ɧ ɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ |
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ɒɭɦɵ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ
Ɋɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɭ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɲɭɦɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɧɟ- ɭɩɨɪɹɞɨɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɡɚɪɹɞɚ. ɋɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɥɨɬ- ɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɲɭɦɨɜɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ ɇɚɣɤ- ɜɢɫɬɚ:
I NM |
4 k T |
ª |
A |
º |
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« |
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» |
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Rvalue |
¬ |
Hz ¼ |
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NM ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɲɭɦɨɜɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ ɢ ɹɜ- ɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɟɝɨ ɜ ɧɭɥɟɜɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɬɨɦɭ, ɱɬɨ ɜɫɟ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɵ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɭɸ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɧɟ ɜɧɨɫɹɬ ɜɤɥɚɞ ɜ ɨɛ- ɳɢɣ ɲɭɦ ɫɯɟɦɵ.
ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɨɜ ɢ ɢɯ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɨɜ ɫɦ. ɜ ɫɯɟɦɧɵɯ ɮɚɣɥɚɯ resistors.cir, resistor_freq.cir. ɢɡ ɩɚɩɤɢ Components\Passive Comp (book-mc.rar).
5.2.2. Ʉɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪ (Capacitor)
Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ SPICE
C<ɢɦɹ> <ɭɡɟɥ +> <ɭɡɟɥ –> [ɢɦɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ]
+ [ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ] [IC=<ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ>]
ɉɪɢɦɟɪ:
C2 7 8 110P IC=2
Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ ɫɯɟɦ Micro-Cap (ɪɢɫ. 5.6)
x ɬɪɢɛɭɬ PART: <ɢɦɹ> — ɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨ- ɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɨɟ ɢɦɹ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ.
ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ: C5
XC16
Capacitor
C1
1U
C2
.1m
C3
1E-3
Ɋɢɫ. 5.5. ɍȽɈ
ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɚ
xɬɪɢɛɭɬ CAPACITANCE: <ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ> [IC=<ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ>]
ȿɫɥɢ <ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ> ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɝɨ ɩɟɪɟ- ɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɫɯɟɦɵ, ɬɨ ɷɬɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ, ɡɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɨɟ ɜ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ CAPACITANCE 1n+V(10)*2n, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ ɭɡɥɚ 10, ɛɭ- ɞɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ, ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɟ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɩɨ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɦɭ ɬɨɤɭ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɦɚɥɨɫɢɝɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢ- ɡɚ (AC), ɢ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɟ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɩɨ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɦɭ ɬɨɤɭ (DC).
ȼ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɦɚɥɨɫɢɝɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ (AC) ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫ- ɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ V(10) ɧɟ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɨ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ. ȿɫ- ɥɢ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɬɨɱɤɟ ɩɨ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɦɭ ɬɨɤɭ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ ɭɡɥɚ 10 ɨɤɚɡɚ- ɥɨɫɶ ɪɚɜɧɵɦ 2ȼ, ɬɨ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɚ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɪɨ- ɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɪɚɜɧɨɣ 1n+2*2n=5n.
IC=<ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ> — ɩɪɢɫɜɚɢɜɚɟɬ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɩɪɹ- ɠɟɧɢɸ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɟ.
ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ: 1U
110P IC=3
182 |
ɉɪɨɝɪ ɦɦ ɫɯɟɦɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜ ɧɢɹ Micro-Cap. ȼɟɪɫɢɢ 9, 10 |
50U*(1+V(6)/100)
1N/(1+V(C1)^2)
x ɬɪɢɛɭɬ CHARGE: [ɡɚɪɹɞ] ɉɪɢɦɟɪ:
ATAN(V(C1))
ȿɫɥɢ ɩɨɥɟ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɚ CHARGE [ɡɚɪɹɞ] ɡɚɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ, ɬɨ ɨɧɨ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɦ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɟɦ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɫɯɟɦɵ, ɬɚɤɢɟ ɤɚɤ, ɧɚɩɪɢ- ɦɟɪ, ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɟ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧ- ɧɵɟ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɚɦɢ (.define ɢɥɢ .param).
Ɋɢɫ. 5.6. Ɉɤɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɚ
ɉɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɩɨɥɹɯ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɨɜ CHARGE ɢ
CAPACITANCE
1)Ɇɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɢɡ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɨɜ [ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ] ɢɥɢ [ɡɚɪɹɞ].
2)ȿɫɥɢ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɵ ɩɨɥɹ ɨɛɨɢɯ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɨɜ ɢ [ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ] ɢ [ɡɚɪɹɞ], ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚ- ɬɟɥɶ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ [ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ] — ɷɬɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɚɹ ɨɬ [ɡɚɪɹɞɚ] ɩɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɸ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɟ, ɬ.ɟ. [ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ]=d([ɡɚɪɹɞ])/dV.
3)ȿɫɥɢ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬ [ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ] ɧɟ ɡɚɞɚɧ, ɚ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬ [ɡɚɪɹɞ] ɡɚɞɚɧ, Micro-Cap
ɫɨɡɞɚɫɬ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɜɡɹɬɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɨɬ ɡɚɪɹɞɚ ɩɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɸ: C=dQ/dV.
4)ȿɫɥɢ [ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ] ɡɚɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ C(V), ɢ [ɡɚɪɹɞ] ɧɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹ- ɟɬɫɹ, Micro-Cap ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɭɸ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɬɨɤɚ ɜɟ- ɥɢɱɢɧɨɣ C(V)*DDT(V). ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ, ɡɚɪɹɞ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɚ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɪɚɜɟɧ ɧɭɥɸ. ȼɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ, ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɡɚɪɹɞɚ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɚ ɋharge — ɞɨɫ- ɬɭɩɧɚ.
5)ȿɫɥɢ [ɡɚɪɹɞ] ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ, ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɝɨ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɬɶ ɧɚ- ɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɟ. Ⱦɚɠɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɣ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ, Q(C)=C*V(C).
6)ȿɫɥɢ [ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ] ɢɥɢ [ɡɚɪɹɞ] ɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ, ɡɚɜɢɫɹɳɢɯ ɨɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬ MODEL ɢɝɧɨɪɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ. ȿɦɤɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɡɚɪɹɞ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɢɫ-
5. Ɇɨɞɟɥɢ ɧ ɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ |
183 |
ɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɢ ɧɚ ɧɢɯ ɧɟ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɧɢɤɚɤɨɝɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ- ɧɵɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ.
xɬɪɢɛɭɬ FREQ: [<F-ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ>].
ȿɫɥɢ ɜ ɩɨɥɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɚ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ, ɬɨ ɨɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɜɟ- ɞɟɧɢɢ AC-ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɡɚɦɟɧɹɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ, ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɧɨɟ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɬɨɱɤɟ ɩɨ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɦɭ ɬɨɤɭ. Ɍ.ɟ. ɟɫɥɢ ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɧɚɛɪɚɧɨ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɨ-ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ 1n+1E-9*V(1,2)*(1+10m*log(f)), ɬɨ ɨɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɦɚɥɨɫɢɝɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ (AC) ɡɚɦɟɧɹɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɚ CAPACITANCE. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɜ ɜɵɲɟɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɦ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɚ FREQ F ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɭɸ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɭɸ AC-ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ — ɱɚɫɬɨɬɭ, ɚ V(1,2) — ɦɚɥɨɫɢɝɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɭɡɥɚɦɢ 1 ɢ 2. ɉɪɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɟ ɩɟɪɟ- ɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɩɨ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɦɭ ɬɨɤɭ ɟɦ-
ɤɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɨɜ CAPACITANCE ɢ CHARGE, ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ ɨɬ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɹ ɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɚ
FREQ.
xɬɪɢɛɭɬ MODEL: [ɢɦɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ]
xɇɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɨɜ COST, POWER, SHAPEGROUP,
PACKAGE — ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɨ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɦ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ (ɫɦ. 5.2.1). ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɍȽɈ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɚ (ɪɢɫ. 5.5), ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɪɚɡɧɨɜɢɞɧɨɫɬɢ
ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɚ SHAPEGROUP: C1 – main; C2 – electrolytic; C3 – polarity.
Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɣ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɚ
.MODEL <ɢɦɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ> CAP ([ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ])
ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɚ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥ. 5.2. ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ:
.MODEL CMOD CAP(C=2.0 LOT=10% VC1=2E-3 VC2=.0015)
.MODEL CEL CAP(C=1.0 LOT=5% DEV=.5% T_ABS=37)
ȿɫɥɢ [ɢɦɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ] ɡɚɞɚɧɨ ɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɬɟɦ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɵɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ (ɜ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɟ ɢɥɢ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɣ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɟ), ɬɨ ɨɧɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ, ɟɫɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧ ɨɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɨɜ [ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ] ɢɥɢ [ɡɚɪɹɞ] ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ, ɡɚɜɢɫɹɳɢɯ ɨɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɬɨɝɞɚ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɚɬɪɢɛɭ- ɬɚ MODEL ɢɝɧɨɪɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ.
Ʉɜɚɞɪɚɬɢɱɧɚɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ
ȿɫɥɢ ɜ ɨɤɧɟ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ [ɢɦɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ], ɬɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ, ɡɚɩɢɫɚɧ- ɧɨɟ ɜ ɫɬɪɨɤɟ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɚ CAPACITANCE ɭɦɧɨɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ QF-ɮɚɤɬɨɪ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɱɢɫ- ɥɟɧɢɹ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɚ, ɡɚɜɢɫɹɳɟɣ ɨɬ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɟɝɨ ɜɵɜɨɞɚɯ:
QF = 1+ VC1 V + VC2 V2
ɗɬɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ Micro-Cap ɞɥɹ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɨ- ɜɦɟɫɬɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɫ ɜɟɪɫɢɟɣ ɹɡɵɤɚ SPICE 2G.
Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ
Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɚ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ- ɫɬɢ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɡɚɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ 2-ɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ TC1 ɢ TC2. ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ [ɢɦɟɧɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ] ɜ ɨɤɧɟ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɨɜ, <ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ> ɜ ɫɬɪɨ-
184 |
ɉɪɨɝɪ ɦɦ ɫɯɟɦɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜ ɧɢɹ Micro-Cap. ȼɟɪɫɢɢ 9, 10 |
ɤɟ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɚ CAPACITANCE ɞɨɦɧɨɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ TF-ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ:
TF = 1+TC1 (T-Tnom)+TC2 (T-Tnom)2
Ɍ ɚ ɛ ɥ ɢ ɰ ɚ 5 . 2 . ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɚ
Ɉɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ |
ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ |
Ɋɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ |
Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨ |
|
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ɭɦɨɥɱɚɧɢɸ |
|
ɋ |
Ɇɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɵɣ ɦɧɨɠɢɬɟɥɶ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ |
— |
1 |
|
LS |
ɉɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ |
Ƚɧ |
0 |
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RP |
ɉɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ |
Ɉɦ |
f |
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RS |
ɉɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ |
Ɉɦ |
0 |
|
|
|
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VC1 |
Ʌɢɧɟɣɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ- |
ȼ–1 |
0 |
|
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ɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ |
|
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|
VC2 |
Ʉɜɚɞɪɚɬɢɱɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɡɚɜɢ- |
ȼ–2 |
0 |
|
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ɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ |
|
|
|
Ɍɋ1 |
Ʌɢɧɟɣɧɵɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢ- |
qɋ–1 |
0 |
|
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ɰɢɟɧɬ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ |
|
|
|
Ɍɋ2 |
Ʉɜɚɞɪɚɬɢɱɧɵɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɤɨ- |
qɋ–2 |
0 |
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ɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ |
|
|
|
T_MEASURED |
Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ |
qɋ |
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
T_ABS |
ɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɚɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ |
qɋ |
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
T_REL_GLOBAL |
Ɉɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ |
qɋ |
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
T_REL_LOCAL |
Ɋɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɨɣ ɭɫɬ- |
qɋ |
— |
|
ɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ-ɩɪɨɬɨɬɢɩɚ (AKO) |
||||
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Ɋɚɡɛɪɨɫ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ
Ɂɚɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɪɚɡɛɪɨɫ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɨɤɟ ɫ ɩɨ- ɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɵɯ ɫɥɨɜ LOT ɢɥɢ DEV ɞɥɹ ɥɸɛɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ, ɡɚ ɢɫ- ɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɯ. ȼ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɨɦɧɨɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɚ MF-ɮɚɤɬɨɪ, ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɟɦɵɣ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ:
ɆF=1 ± <ɪ ɡɛɪɨɫ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬ ɯ DEV ɢɥɢ LOT>/100
Ɉɤɨɧɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɚ ɩɪɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɢ ɜ ɨɤɧɟ ɚɬɪɢ- ɛɭɬɨɜ [ɢɦɟɧɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ] ɋvalue (ɪɢɫ. 5.7) ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɦ:
ɋvalue=<ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ> C QF TF MF= =<ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ> ɋ (1 +VC V+VC2 V2)[1+TC1(T-TNOM)+TC2(T-TNOM)2]MF.
ɒɭɦɵ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɚ
ȿɫɥɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ RS ɢ RP, ɬɨ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɵ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɲɭɦɚ:
IRS = |
4 k T |
; |
IRP = |
4 k T |
. |
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||||
|
RS |
|
RP |
||
5. Ɇɨɞɟɥɢ ɧ ɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ |
185 |
Ɋɢɫ. 5.7. Ɇɨɞɟɥɶ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɚ
5.2.3. Ʉɚɬɭɲɤɚ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ (Inductor)
Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ SPICE
L<ɢɦɹ> <ɭɡɟɥ +> <ɭɡɟɥ –> [ɢɦɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ] + [ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ] [IC=<ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɬɨɤ>]
ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ: L1 2 3 1U
L2 7 8 110P IC=2
Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ ɫɯɟɦ Micro-Cap (ɪɢɫ. 5.9)
x ɬɪɢɛɭɬ PART: <ɢɦɹ> ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ: L5, L1
L1Inductor L2
30U |
|
1E-4 |
|
Ɋɢɫ. 5.8. ɍȽɈ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ
xɬɪɢɛɭɬ INDUCTANCE <ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ> [Iɋ=<ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɬɨɤ>]
ȿɫɥɢ <ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ> ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɫɯɟɦɵ, ɬɨ ɨɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ, ɡɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɨɟ ɜ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ INDUCTANCE 1U/(1+I(L2)^2), ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɟ ɬɨɤ ɤɚɬɭɲɤɢ L2, ɛɭɞɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚ- ɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ, ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɟ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɩɨ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɦɭ ɬɨɤɭ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɦɚɥɨɫɢɝɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ (AC), ɢ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɟ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɩɨ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɦɭ ɬɨɤɭ (DC). ȼ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɦɚɥɨɫɢɝɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ (AC) ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɢɧ- ɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɬɨɤɚ I(L2) ɧɟ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɨ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ. ȿɫɥɢ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɬɨɱɤɟ ɩɨ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɦɭ ɬɨɤɭ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɨɤɚ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɤɚɬɭɲɤɭ L2 ɨɤɚɡɚɥɨɫɶ ɪɚɜɧɵɦ 2A, ɬɨ
ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɚɹ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɚ ɪɚɜɧɨɣ 1U/(1+2^2)=0.2U.
IC=<ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɬɨɤ> — ɩɪɢɫɜɚɢɜɚɟɬ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɨɤɭ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɤɚ- ɬɭɲɤɭ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ, ɟɫɥɢ ɮɥɚɠɨɤ Operating Point ɫɛɪɨɲɟɧ.
ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ: 1U
110U IC=3 1U/(1+I(L2)^2)
x ɬɪɢɛɭɬ FLUX: [ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɵɣ ɩɨɬɨɤ]
ɉɪɢɦɟɪ:
1u*ATAN(I(L2))
ɉɪɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɢ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɚ FLUX ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸ- ɳɟɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɤɚɬɭɲɤɢ, ɬɚɤɢɟ ɤɚɤ ɬɨɤ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɧɟɟ ɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ, ɞɪɭ- ɝɢɟ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦɵɟ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɚɦɢ .define ɢɥɢ .param.
186 |
ɉɪɨɝɪ ɦɦ ɫɯɟɦɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜ ɧɢɹ Micro-Cap. ȼɟɪɫɢɢ 9, 10 |
Ɋɢɫ. 5.9. Ɉɤɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɤɚɬɭɲɤɢ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ
ɉɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɨɜ FLUX ɢ
INDUCTANCE
1)Ⱦɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɡɚɞɚɧɨ ɯɨɬɹ ɛɵ ɨɞɧɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɥɢɛɨ [ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ]
ɥɢɛɨ ɞɥɹ [ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ].
2)ȿɫɥɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɵ ɨɛɚ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɤ [ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ], ɬɚɤ ɢ [ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ] ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ, ɡɚɜɢɫɹɳɢɯ ɨɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɝɚ- ɪɚɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ [ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ] ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɨɣ [ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɨ-
ɤɚ] ɩɨ ɬɨɤɭ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɤɚɬɭɲɤɭ: [ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ]=d([ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɵɣ ɩɨɬɨɤ])/dI
3)ȿɫɥɢ [ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ] ɧɟ ɡɚɞɚɟɬɫɹ, ɚ [ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɵɣ ɩɨɬɨɤ] ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨ- ɛɨɣ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ, ɡɚɜɢɫɹɳɟɟ ɨɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, Micro-Cap ɫɨɡɞɚɫɬ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɢɧɞɭɤ- ɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɨɤɚ ɩɨ ɬɨɤɭ ɤɚɬɭɲɤɢ: L=dX/dI.
4)ȿɫɥɢ [ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ] ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɦ, ɡɚɜɢɫɹɳɢɦ ɨɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ,
ɚ[ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɵɣ ɩɨɬɨɤ] ɧɟ ɡɚɞɚɟɬɫɹ, Micro-Cap ɫɨɡɞɚɫɬ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɬɭɲɤɢ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɭɸ ɢɡ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɷɞɫ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɨɣ L(I)*DDT(I).
5)ȿɫɥɢ [ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɵɣ ɩɨɬɨɤ] ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ, ɡɚɜɢɫɹɳɟɟ ɨɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɬɨ ɨɧɨ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɬɶ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɬɨɤ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɤɚɬɭɲɤɭ. Ⱦɚɠɟ ɞɥɹ ɥɢ- ɧɟɣɧɨɣ ɤɚɬɭɲɤɢ X(L)=L*I(L).
6)ȿɫɥɢ [ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ] ɢɥɢ [ɩɨɬɨɤ] ɡɚɞɚɧɵ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ, ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬ MODEL ɧɟ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɨ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɤɚɬɭɲɤɚ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɫ K-ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɢɤɨɦ, ɬ.ɟ. ɨɛɥɚɞɚɬɶ ɜɡɚɢɦɧɨɣ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ. ɂɧ- ɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɩɨɬɨɤ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧ- ɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɢ ɧɚ ɧɢɯ ɧɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ.
ȼɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ, ɡɚɜɢɫɹɳɟɟ ɨɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɥɸɛɨɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟ- ɧɢɟ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɳɟɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɬɚɤɢɟ ɤɚɤ V(L1) ɢɥɢ I(L2).
x ɬɪɢɛɭɬ FREQ: [<F-ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ>].
ɉɪɢɦɟɪ: 1.2mh+5m*(1+log(F))
5. Ɇɨɞɟɥɢ ɧ ɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ |
187 |
ȿɫɥɢ ɜ ɩɨɥɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɚ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ, ɬɨ ɨɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɜɟ- ɞɟɧɢɢ AC-ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɡɚɦɟɧɹɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ, ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɧɨɟ ɜ ɪɚɛɨ-
ɱɟɣ ɬɨɱɤɟ ɩɨ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɦɭ ɬɨɤɭ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɨɥɟ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɚ INDUCTANCE. Ɍ.ɟ. ɟɫɥɢ ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɧɚɛɪɚɧɨ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɨ-ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɟ ɜɵɪɚ- ɠɟɧɢɟ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ 10mh+I(L1)*(1+1E-9*f)/5m, ɬɨ ɨɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɦɚɥɨɫɢɝ- ɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ (AC) ɡɚɦɟɧɹɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɚ INDUCTANCE. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɜ ɜɵɲɟɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɦ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɚ FREQ F ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɭɸ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɭɸ AC-ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ — ɱɚɫɬɨɬɭ, ɚ I(L1) — ɦɚɥɨɫɢɝɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɬɨɤ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɤɚɬɭɲɤɭ L1. ɉɪɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɟ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨ-
ɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɩɨ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɦɭ ɬɨɤɭ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɪɚɜɧɚ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɚ INDUCTANCE ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ ɨɬ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɹ ɢ ɡɧɚ- ɱɟɧɢɹ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɚ FREQ.
xɬɪɢɛɭɬ MODEL: [ɢɦɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ]
xɇɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɨɜ COST, POWER, SHAPEGROUP, PACKAGE — ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɨ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɦ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ (ɫɦ. 5.2.1). ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɍȽɈ ɤɚɬɭɲɤɢ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ (ɪɢɫ. 5.8), ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɪɚɡ-
ɧɨɜɢɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɚ SHAPEGROUP: L1 – main; L2 – Rus (ɞɨɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɜ).
Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɣ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ
.MODEL <ɢɦɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ> IND ([ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ])
ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ:
.MODEL LMOD IND (L=2.0 LOT=10% IL1=2E-3 IL2=.0015)
.MODEL L_W IND (L=1.0 LOT=5% DEV=.5% T_ABS=37)
ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥ. 5.3.
ȿɫɥɢ ɜ ɨɤɧɟ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɨɜ ɤɚɬɭɲɤɢ [ɢɦɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ] ɨɩɭɳɟɧɨ, ɬɨ ɟɺ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜ- ɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɜɧɚ <ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ> ɜ Ƚɟɧɪɢ, ɡɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɜ ɫɬɪɨɤɟ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɨɜ INDUCTANCE. ȼ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɭɦɧɨɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɚ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ L ɢ ɧɚ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ, ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɢɠɟ.
Ʉɜɚɞɪɚɬɢɱɧɚɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɬɨɤɚ
ȿɫɥɢ ɜ ɨɤɧɟ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ [ɢɦɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ], ɬɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ, ɡɚɩɢɫɚɧ- ɧɚɹ ɜ ɫɬɪɨɤɟ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɚ INDUCTANCE ɭɦɧɨɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ QF-ɮɚɤɬɨɪ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟ- ɧɢɹ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɚɬɭɲɤɢ, ɡɚɜɢɫɹɳɟɣ ɨɬ ɬɨɤɚ ɜ ɧɟɣ:
QF = 1+ IL1 I + IL2 I2
ɗɬɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ Micro-Cap ɞɥɹ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɨ- ɜɦɟɫɬɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɫ ɜɟɪɫɢɟɣ ɹɡɵɤɚ SPICE 2G.
Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ
Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɚ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɡɚ- ɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ (ɫɦ. 5.2.1, 5.2.2). Ɂɚɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɞɜɭɯ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ — TC1 ɢ TC2. ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ [ɢɦɟɧɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ] ɜ ɨɤɧɟ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɨɜ, <ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ> ɜ ɫɬɪɨɤɟ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɚ INDUCTANCE ɞɨɦɧɨɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ TF-ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ:
188 ɉɪɨɝɪ ɦɦ ɫɯɟɦɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜ ɧɢɹ Micro-Cap. ȼɟɪɫɢɢ 9, 10
TF=1+TC1 (T-Tnom)+TC2 (T-Tnom)2
Ɍ ɚ ɛ ɥ ɢ ɰ ɚ 5 . 3 . ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ
Ɉɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ |
ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ |
Ɋɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ |
Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɩɨ ɭɦɨɥɱɚɧɢɸ |
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L |
Ɇɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɵɣ ɦɧɨɠɢɬɟɥɶ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ |
— |
1 |
||
CP |
ɉɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ |
Ɏ |
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RS |
ɉɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ |
Ɉɦ |
0 |
||
IL1 |
Ʌɢɧɟɣɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɬɨɤɚ |
–1 |
0 |
||
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|||||
IL2 |
Ʉɜɚɞɪɚɬɢɱɧɵɣ |
ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ |
–2 |
0 |
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ɬɨɤɚ |
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Ɍɋ1 |
Ʌɢɧɟɣɧɵɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɢɧɞɭɤ- |
qɋ–1 |
0 |
||
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ɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ |
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Ɍɋ2 |
Ʉɜɚɞɪɚɬɢɱɧɵɣ |
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ |
qɋ–2 |
0 |
|
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ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ |
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T_MEASURED |
Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ |
qɋ |
— |
||
Ɍ_Ⱥȼɋ |
ɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɚɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ |
qɋ |
— |
||
T_REL_GLOBAL |
Ɉɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ |
qɋ |
— |
||
T_REL_LOCAL |
Ɋɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɨɣ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɦɨ- |
qɋ |
— |
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ɞɟɥɢ-ɩɪɨɬɨɬɢɩɚ (AKO) |
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Ɋɚɡɛɪɨɫ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ |
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Ɂɚɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɪɚɡɛɪɨɫ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɨɤɟ ɫ ɩɨ- ɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɵɯ ɫɥɨɜ LOT ɢɥɢ DEV ɞɥɹ ɥɸɛɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ, ɡɚ ɢɫ- ɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɯ. ɉɪɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬ- ɫɹ ɭɦɧɨɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɚ MF-ɮɚɤɬɨɪ, ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɟɦɵɣ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ:
ɆF=1 ± <ɪ ɡɛɪɨɫ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬ ɯ DEV ɢɥɢ LOT>/100
Ɉɤɨɧɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɚɬɭɲɤɢ Lvalue (ɪɢɫ. 5.10) ɩɪɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɢ ɜ ɨɤɧɟ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɨɜ [ɢɦɟɧɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ] ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɦ:
Lvalue = <ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ> L QF TF MF=
=<ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ>L(1+IL1 I+IL2 I2)[1+TC1(T-TNOM)+TC2 (T-TNOM)2] MF.
Ɋɢɫ. 5.10. Ɇɨɞɟɥɶ ɤɚɬɭɲɤɢ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ
ɂɡ-ɡɚ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɡɢɬɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɤɚɬɭɲɤɢ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɵɣ ɩɢɤ (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ. 5.9).
5. Ɇɨɞɟɥɢ ɧ ɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ |
189 |
ɒɭɦɵ ɤɚɬɭɲɤɢ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ
ȿɫɥɢ ɜ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɨ ɩɚɪɚɡɢɬɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɨɩɪɨ- ɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ RS, ɬɨ ɨɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɲɭɦɚ, ɡɚɞɚ- ɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɲɭɦɨɜɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ:
IRS = 4 k T
RS
5.2.4. ȼɡɚɢɦɧɚɹ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɵɣ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɢɤ (Ʉ)
Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ SPICE
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K<ɢɦɹ> L<ɢɦɹ ɤɚɬɭɲɤɢ> <L<ɢɦɹ ɤɚɬɭɲɤɢ>>* <ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɫɜɹɡɢ> |
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K<ɢɦɹ> L<ɢɦɹ ɤɚɬɭɲɤɢ>* <ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɫɜɹɡɢ> <ɢɦɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ> |
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ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ: |
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K1 L1 L2 .98 |
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K1 L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 .999 |
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Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ ɫɯɟɦ Micro-Cap (ɪɢɫ. 5.12, 5.13) |
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K1 |
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ɬɪɢɛɭɬ PART: <ɢɦɹ> |
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ɉɪɢɦɟɪ: K1 |
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x ɬɪɢɛɭɬ INDUCTORS: <ɢɦɹ ɤɚɬɭɲɤɢ> <ɢɦɹ ɤɚɬɭɲɤɢ>* |
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M ODEL=N 97 |
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ɉɪɢɦɟɪ: L1 L2 L3 |
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ɬɪɢɛɭɬ COUPLING: <ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɫɜɹɡɢ> |
Ɋɢɫ. 5.11. ɍȽɈ |
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ɉɪɢɦɟɪ: 0.99 |
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ɬɪɢɛɭɬ MODEL: [ɢɦɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ] |
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ɉɪɢɦɟɪ: K_3C8
ɉɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɦɟɧ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɟɣ Lyyy, Lzzz ... ɧɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɡɧɚ- ɱɟɧɢɹ, ɡɧɚɤ ɜɡɚɢɦɧɨɣ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜ- ɥɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɬɨɤɨɜ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɚɱɚɥ ɨɛɦɨɬɨɤ. ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ ɜɡɚɢɦɧɨɣ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɫɜɹɡɢ.
ɇɚ ɨɞɧɨɦ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɢɤɟ ɩɨɦɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɚ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɛɦɨɬɨɤ ɫ ɢɦɟɧɚ- ɦɢ Lyyy, Lzzz... ȼɫɟ ɨɛɦɨɬɤɢ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ <ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɫɜɹɡɢ>. ɉɪɢ ɯɨɪɨɲɟɣ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ, ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɦɨɣ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɡɚɦɤɧɭ- ɬɨɝɨ ɮɟɪɪɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɢɤɚ, ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ 0.98…0.999. ȿɞɢɧɢɱɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬ- ɜɭɟɬ 100%-ɧɨɣ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɨɛɦɨɬɤɚɦɢ, ɱɬɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧ- ɬɨɦ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɪɚɫɫɟɢɜɚɧɢɹ.
ɉɪɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɢ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵ 2 ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚ:
xɦɚɝɧɢɬɨɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵ;
xɦɚɝɧɢɬɨɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɵ (ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɣ ɦɚɝ- ɧɢɬɧɵɣ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɢɤ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦɵɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɸ ɬɢɩɚ CORE).
ȼɵɛɨɪ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɢɤɚ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɦɨ- ɞɟɥɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ. ȿɫɥɢ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɟ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɟɪɞɟɱ- ɧɢɤɟ (ɝɢɫɬɟɪɟɡɢɫ ɢ ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɢɟ) ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɭɫɬ- ɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɜ ɤɥɸɱɚɯ ɧɚ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɵɯ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹɯ ɢ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɵɯ ɪɟɚɤɬɨ- ɪɚɯ), ɬɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɣ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɢɤ, ɟɫɥɢ ɠɟ — ɧɟɬ, (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɢɦ- ɩɭɥɶɫɧɵɣ ɢɥɢ ɫɟɬɟɜɨɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪ), ɬɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɣ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɢɤ.
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ɉɪɨɝɪ ɦɦ ɫɯɟɦɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜ ɧɢɹ Micro-Cap. ȼɟɪɫɢɢ 9, 10 |
Ɇɚɝɧɢɬɨɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɟ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɧɨɣ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɢɤɚ Ʉ (ɪɢɫ. 5.12) ɧɟ ɡɚɞɚɧ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬ MODEL, ɬɨ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɯ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɟɣ.
Ɋɢɫ. 5.12. Ɉɤɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɢɤɚ
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɫɜɹɡɢ Kij ɞɜɭɯ ɨɛɦɨɬɨɤ (i, j) ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɦ
Kij |
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ɝɞɟ Li, Lj — ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɦɨɬɨɤ; Mij — ɢɯ ɜɡɚɢɦɧɚɹ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ.
ɇɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɤɚɬɭɲɤɟ Li, ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɜɡɚɢɦɧɨɣ ɢɧɞɭɤɰɢɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɦ:
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ɝɞɟ Ii — ɬɨɤ, ɜɬɟɤɚɸɳɢɣ ɜ ɜɵɜɨɞ (+) ɨɛɦɨɬɤɢ (ɩɨɦɟɱɟɧ ɧɚ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɬɨɱɤɨɣ).
ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɪɢ ɜɜɨɞɟ ɜ ɫɯɟɦɭ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɜɫɬɚɜɤɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ K, ɜ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɸɳɟɦɫɹ ɨɤɧɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɡɚɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɥɢɲɶ ɩɨɡɢ- ɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɢɤɚ KN, ɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɤɚɬɭ- ɲɟɤ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ (INDUCTORS) ɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɨɧ ɫɜɹɡɚɧ ɢ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɫɜɹɡɢ
(COUPLING) (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ. 5.12).
Ɇɚɝɧɢɬɨɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɤɚɬɭɲɤɢ ɫ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɦ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɵɦ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɢɤɨɦ
ȿɫɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɧɨɣ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɢɤɚ Ʉ (ɪɢɫ. 5.13) ɡɚɞɚɧ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬ MODEL (ɭɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɢɤɚ), ɬɨ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɯ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɟɣ.