Микросхемотехника / amelina_m_a_amelin_s_a_programma_shemotehnicheskogo_modeliro

Ɋɢɫ. 5.37. Ɉɤɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɤɭɫɨɱɧɨ-ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ

<Ʌɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ> ɜ ɩɨɥɟ TRIGGER ɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɟɬ ɜɵɞɚɱɭ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ, ɟɫɥɢ ɨɧɨ ɢɫɬɢɧɧɨ ɢ ɡɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬ, ɟɫɥɢ ɨɧɨ ɥɨɠɧɨ.

ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ:

Ɉɞɢɧɨɱɧɵɣ ɩɪɹɦɨɭɝɨɥɶɧɵɣ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɨɣ 5ȼ, ɫ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɨɣ 5 ɧɫ ɢ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ 5ɧɫ:

PWL (0,0) (5n,0) (5n,5) (10n,5) (10n,0)

PWL TIME_SCALE_FACTOR=1n (0,0) (5,0) (5,5) (10,5) (10,0)

ɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɣ ɩɪɹɦɨɭɝɨɥɶɧɵɣ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫ, ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɸɳɢɣɫɹ 20 ɪɚɡ:

PWL REPEAT FOR 20 (0,0) (5n,0) (5n,5) (10n,5) (10n,0) ENDREPEAT

ɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɩɪɹɦɨɭɝɨɥɶɧɵɣ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫ:

PWL REPEAT FOREVER (0,0) (5n,0) (5n,5) (10n,5) (10n,0) ENDREPEAT

ȼɤɥɸɱɚɟɦɵɣ (ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɟɦɵɣ) ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɤɭɫɨɱɧɨ-ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ: TRIGGER={(V(A1)>2) AND (V(A2)>2)} 0,0 100n,3 200n,2 300n,1.5 400n,0

ɂɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɲɭɦɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ (NOISE)

Ɂɚɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ, ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɜ ɬɚɛɥ. 5.13, ɨɤɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚ- ɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɫ ɜɵɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɦ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɦ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 5.38.

ɒɭɦɨɜɨɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɫɬɚɪɬɭɟɬ ɨɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ <DC> ɜ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ <start> ɢ ɞɚɥɟɟ ɟɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥ <Interval>, ɧɚɯɨɞɹɫɶ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɤɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ +<amplitude>/2 ɢ –<amplitude>/2 ɨɬ- ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɛɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ <DC>. Ɉɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɨ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ <end>, ɞɚɥɟɟ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ <DC>. ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɩɟɪɜɨɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟ-

ɮɨɪɦɚɬɚ. ȼ ɨɤɧɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ, ɩɨɹɜɢɥɢɫɶ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɝɨɬɨɜɨɤ ɞɥɹ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ. 5.32–5.39).

Ⱦɥɹ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ PULSE ɷɬɨ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ: Default (ɩɨ ɭɦɨɥɱɚɧɢɸ), Typical (ɬɢɩɨɜɨɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ), Square (ɩɪɹɦɨɭɝɨɥɶɧɵɣ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫ), Triangle (ɬɪɟɭɝɨɥɶɧɵɣ

ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫ), Impulse (ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɧɚɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ Ⱦɢɪɚɤɚ ɢɥɢ G-ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ), Sawtooth (ɩɢ- ɥɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɣ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫ).

Ⱦɥɹ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ SIN ɷɬɨ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ: Default (ɩɨ ɭɦɨɥɱɚɧɢɸ), Typical (ɬɢɩɨɜɨɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ), Damped (ɡɚɬɭɯɚɸɳɚɹ ɫɢɧɭɫɨɢɞɚ), PhaseA (ɫ ɧɭɥɟɜɨɣ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɮɚɡɨɣ), PhaseB (ɫ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɮɚɡɨɣ), PhaseC (ɫ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɮɚɡɨɣ).

Ⱦɥɹ ɷɤɫɩɨɧɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ EXP ɷɬɨ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ: Default (ɩɨ ɭɦɨɥɱɚɧɢɸ),

Slow (ɫ ɩɨɥɨɝɢɦɢ ɮɪɨɧɬɚɦɢ), Fast (ɫ ɤɪɭɬɵɦɢ ɮɪɨɧɬɚɦɢ).

Ⱦɥɹ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɫ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɭɥɹɰɢɟɣ SFFM ɷɬɨ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ:

Default (ɩɨ ɭɦɨɥɱɚɧɢɸ), Modulate1 (ɧɢɡɤɢɣ ɢɧɞɟɤɫ ɦɨɞɭɥɹɰɢɢ, ɧɟɫɭɳɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɨ- ɬɚ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɦɨɞɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ), Modulate2 (ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ ɢɧɞɟɤɫ ɦɨɞɭɥɹɰɢɢ, ɧɟɫɭɳɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɦɨɞɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ).

Ⱦɥɹ ɤɭɫɨɱɧɨ-ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ PWL ɷɬɨ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ: Default (ɩɨ ɭɦɨɥɱɚɧɢɸ ɧɭɥɟɜɨɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ), Typical (Ɍɢɩɨɜɨɣ ɤɭɫɨɱɧɨ-ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ), Repeat1 (5 ɢɞɭ- ɳɢɯ ɩɨɞɪɹɞ ɬɪɚɩɟɰɟɢɞɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɨɜ), Repeat2 (ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɬɪɚɩɟ-

ɰɟɢɞɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɵ), Repeat3 (ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ G-ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɨɜ ɫ ɭɜɟɥɢ- ɱɢɜɚɸɳɟɣɫɹ ɩɚɭɡɨɣ).

Ⱦɥɹ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɨɜ Ƚɚɭɫɫɚ GAUSSIAN ɷɬɨ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ Wide (ɲɢɪɨɤɢɣ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫ) ɢ Narrow (ɭɡɤɢɣ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫ).

Ɂɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɜɫɟɯ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ 5.3 ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢ- ɤɨɜ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ (ɬɨɤɚ) ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɢɪɭɸɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɵ waveform sources.cir, meandr_exp_rc.cir, waveform_v.cir ɢɡ ɤɚɬɚɥɨɝɚ Components\Sources (book-mc.rar).

5.4.Ʌɢɧɟɣɧɵɟ ɢ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ

5.4.1.Ʌɢɧɟɣɧɵɟ ɢ ɩɨɥɢɧɨɦɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ (ɪɢɫ. 5.40)

ȼɵɛɢɪɚɸɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚ ɦɟɧɸ Component>Analog Primitives>Dependent

Sources.

Ʌɢɧɟɣɧɵɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ ɫɯɟɦ Micro-Cap

xɬɪɢɛɭɬ PART: <ɢɦɹ>

xɬɪɢɛɭɬ VALUE: <ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ>

ȼɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ Micro-Cap ɢɦɟɸɬɫɹ ɱɟɬɵɪɟ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɯ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɬɨɤɚ:

VofI — ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ, ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɣ ɬɨɤɨɦ.

Vout(Iin)=<ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ> Iin

VofV — ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ, ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɣ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟɦ.

Vout(Vin)=<ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ> Vin

IofV — ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɬɨɤɚ, ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɣ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟɦ.

Iout(Vin)=<ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ> Vin

IofI — ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɬɨɤɚ, ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɣ ɬɨɤɨɦ. Iout(Iin)=<ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ> Iin

ȼɫɟ ɷɬɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɡɚɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ — <ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢ-

ɟɧɬɨɦ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ>.

Ɋɢɫ. 5.40. Ʌɢɧɟɣɧɵɟ ɢ ɩɨɥɢɧɨɦɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ

ɉɨɥɢɧɨɦɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ

Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ SPICE

ɂɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ, ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɣ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ

E<ɢɦɹ> <ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɭɡɟɥ +> <ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɭɡɟɥ –> [POLY(<k>)] n1p n1m

+ [n2p n2m...nkp nkm] p0 [p1...pk] [IC=c1[,c2[,c3...[,ck]]]]

ɂɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɬɨɤɚ, ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɣ ɬɨɤɚɦɢ

F<ɢɦɹ> <ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɭɡɟɥ +> <ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɭɡɟɥ –> [POLY(<k>)] v1 [v2...vk] + p0 [p1...pk] [IC=c1[,c2[,c3...[,ck]]]]

ɂɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɬɨɤɚ, ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɣ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ

G<ɢɦɹ> <ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɭɡɟɥ +> <ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɭɡɟɥ –> [POLY(<k>)] +n1p n1m [n2p n2m...nkp nkm] p0 [p1...pk] [IC=c1[,c2[,c3...[,ck]]]]

ɂɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ, ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɣ ɬɨɤɚɦɢ

H<ɢɦɹ> <ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɭɡɟɥ +> <ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɭɡɟɥ –> [POLY(<k>)] v1 [v2...vk] + p0 [p1...pk] [IC=c1[,c2[,c3...[,ck]]]]

Ɋɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɧɵɣ ɮɨɪɦɚɬ PSPICE ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ, ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ (ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ MC9, MC10)

E|G]<ɢɦɹ><ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɭɡɟɥ+><ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɭɡɟɥ–> VALUE={<ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ>}

[E|G]<ɢɦɹ> <ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɭɡɟɥ+><ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɭɡɟɥ–>TABLE{<ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ>}= + <<ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ>,<ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ>>*

[E|G]<ɢɦɹ><ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɭɡɟɥ+><ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɭɡɟɥ–>LAPLACE{<ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ>}= + {<ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɚɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɜ s-ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ>}

[E|G]<ɢɦɹ><ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɭɡɟɥ +> <ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɭɡɟɥ –> FREQ + {<ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ>} = [KEYWORD]

+<<ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ>,<ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɵ>,<ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɮɚɡɵ>>*

n1p — ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɭɡɟɥ +. n1m — ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɭɡɟɥ –. nkp — k-ɵɣ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɭɡɟɥ +. nkm — k-ɵɣ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɭɡɟɥ –.

p0 — ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɩɨɥɢɧɨɦɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ. pk — k-ɵɣ ɩɨɥɢɧɨɦɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ.

v1 — ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɷɞɫ (ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɧɭɥɟɜɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ), ɬɨɤ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɹɜɥɹ- ɟɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ.

vk — ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɷɞɫ (ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɧɭɥɟɜɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ), ɬɨɤ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɹɜɥɹ- ɟɬɫɹ k-ɨɣ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ.

c1 — ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ. ck — ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ k-ɨɣ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ.

ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ SPICE ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɣ:

E2 7 4 POLY(2) 10 15 20 25 1.0 2.0 10.0 20.0

G2 7 4 POLY(3) 10 15 20 25 30 35 1.0 2.0 3.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 F2 7 4 POLY(2) V1 V2 1.0 2.0 10.0 20.0

H2 7 4 POLY(3) V1 V2 V3 1.0 2.0 3.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 E1 10 20 FREQ {V(1,2)} = (0,0,0) (1K,0,0) (10K,0.001,0) G1 10 20 TABLE{V(5,6)*V(3)} = (0,0) (1,1) (2,3.5)

E2 10 20 LAPLACE {V(5,6)} = {1/(1+.001*S+1E-8*S*S)}

ȼ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ Micro-Cap ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɱɟɬɵɪɟ ɬɢɩɚ ɩɨɥɢɧɨɦɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɬɨɤɚ:

EVofV — ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ, ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɣ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ; HVofl — ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ, ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɣ ɬɨɤɚɦɢ;

GlofV — ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɬɨɤɚ, ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɣ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ. Flofl — ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɬɨɤɚ, ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɣ ɬɨɤɚɦɢ;

ɬɪɢɛɭɬɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ɩɨɥɢɧɨɦɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵ ɚɬ- ɪɢɛɭɬɚɦ SPICE-ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ, ɡɚ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɨɦɟɪɨɜ ɭɡɥɨɜ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɬɨɱ- ɧɢɤɨɜ. ɋɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ TABLE, VALUE, LAPLACE, ɢ FREQ ɧɟ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚ- ɸɬɫɹ ɫɯɟɦɧɵɦɢ ɜɟɪɫɢɹɦɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɬɢɩɚ E, F, G, ɢ H. ɍɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɟ

ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɥɚɩɥɚɫɨɜɵɦɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɦɢ

Micro-Cap, ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɦɵɦɢ ɞɚɥɟɟ (ɫɦ. 5.4.2, 5.4.3).

Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ ɫɯɟɦ Micro-Cap

xɬɪɢɛɭɬ PART: <ɢɦɹ> ɉɪɢɦɟɪ:

G1

E7

xɬɪɢɛɭɬ VALUE:

[POLY(<k>)] n1p n1m [n2p n2m...nkp nkm] p0 [p1...pk] [IC=c1[,c2[,c3...[,ck]]]]

[POLY(<k>)] v1 [v2...vk] p0 [p1...pk] [IC=c1[,c2[,c3...[,ck]]]]

ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ:

POLY(2) 10 15 20 25 1.0 2.0 10.0 20.0 — ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ (ɬɨɤɚ),

ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɣ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ V(10,15) ɢ V(20,25), ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ

F=1+2·V(10,15)+10·V(20,25)+20·V(10,15)2.

POLY(3) 10 15 20 25 30 35 1.0 2.0 3.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 — ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟ-

ɧɢɹ (ɬɨɤɚ), ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɣ 3-ɦɹ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ V(10,15), V(20,25), V(30,35), ɜɵ-

ɯɨɞɧɚɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ F=1+2·V(10,15)+3·V(20,25)+10·V(30,35)+20·V(10,15)2+

+30·V(10,15) V(20,25).

POLY(2) V1 V2 1.0 2.0 10.0 20.0 — ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ (ɬɨɤɚ), ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟ-

ɦɵɣ 2-ɦɹ ɬɨɤɚɦɢ: ɱɟɪɟɡ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ V1 — I(V1) ɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ V2 — I(V2), ɜɵ-

ɯɨɞɧɚɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ F=1+ 2·I(V1)+10·I(V2)+20·I(V1)2.

POLY(3) V1 V2 V3 1.0 2.0 3.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 — ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ (ɬɨ-

ɤɚ), ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɣ 3-ɦɹ ɬɨɤɚɦɢ: ɱɟɪɟɡ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ V1 — I(V1), ɱɟɪɟɡ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ V2 — I(V2), ɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ V3 — I(V3), ɜɵɯɨɞɧɚɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ

F=1+2·I(V1)+3·I(V2)+10·I(V3)+20·I(V1)2+ 30·I(V1)·I(V2).

ȿɫɥɢ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɨɟ ɫɥɨɜɨ POLY ɧɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ, ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ:

F = p0 + p1 V1 + p2 V12+ p3 V13+... pk V1k,

ɝɞɟ V1 — ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɚɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ (ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɚɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɦ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ), p0…pk — (k+1) ɩɨɥɢɧɨɦɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ.

ȿɫɥɢ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɨɟ ɫɥɨɜɨ POLY ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ, ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ:

Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ E1, E2, ..., En ɜɵɛɢɪɚɸɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɬɚɛɥ. 5.15.

Ɍ ɚ ɛ ɥ ɢ ɰ ɚ 5 . 1 5 . Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɢɧɨɦɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ

ɉɪɢɦɟɪ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɢɧɨɦɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ,

ɡɚɜɢɫɹɳɟɝɨ ɨɬ ɬɪɟɯ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɫɯɟɦɵ, ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɯ x1, x2, x3:

Ɂɞɟɫɶ x1 , x2 , x3 — ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ. Ɉɧɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɬɨɤɚɦɢ ɢɥɢ

ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɨɜ; ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɬɨɤɨɦ ɢ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɨ- ɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɨɜ ɧɟ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ.

ȿɫɥɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ — ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ, ɬɨ ɫɪɚɡɭ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɨ- ɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ POLY, ɩɨɩɚɪɧɨ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɭɡɥɨɜ: <ɧɨɦɟɪ (ɢɥɢ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ) ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɡɥɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ> <ɧɨɦɟɪ (ɢɥɢ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ) ɨɬɪɢ- ɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɡɥɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ> ….

ȿɫɥɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ — ɬɨɤɢ, ɬɨ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ POLY ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɗȾɋ, ɱɟɪɟɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɸɬ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɬɨɤɢ. ȿɫɥɢ ɬɚɤɨɜɵɯ ɜ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɧɟɬ, ɬɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɜɜɟɫɬɢ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɜɟɬɜɢ ɧɭɥɟɜɵɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɗȾɋ.

ȼɫɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ ɩɨɥɢɧɨɦɚ ɜɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɧɟ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɧɨ ɜɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɢɯ ɧɟ- ɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɨɞɪɹɞ ɛɟɡ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɨɜ.

ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɯ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɨɥɢɧɨɦɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɫ- ɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɫɯɟɦɧɵɯ ɮɚɣɥɚɯ dependent sources.cir, dependent sources_poly.cir ɢɡ ɤɚɬɚɥɨɝɚ Components\Sources (book-mc.rar).

5.4.2. Ʌɢɧɟɣɧɵɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ, ɡɚɞɚɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ Ʌɚɩɥɚɫɚ ɢ Z-ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ

Ʌɢɧɟɣɧɵɟ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯɩɨɥɸɫɧɢɤɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɡɚɞɚɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɵɦɢ ɮɭɧɤ- ɰɢɹɦɢ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ. ɂɦɟɧɚ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɧɚɱɢɧɚ-

ɸɬɫɹ ɫ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɚ L (Laplace Sources) ɢɥɢ Z (Z Transform Sources). ɉɟɪɟɞɚ-

ɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɡɚɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɮɨɪɦɭɥ — ɬɨɝɞɚ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɚ L ɭɤɚ- ɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ F — ɢɥɢ ɬɚɛɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ — ɞɨɛɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɢɦɜɨɥ Ɍ (ɞɥɹ Laplace Sources). ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, LFVofV ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ ɡɚɞɚɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɨɣ ɩɟɪɟ- ɞɚɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ, ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɣ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟɦ. LTIofI

— ɡɚɞɚɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɬɚɛɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɩɟɪɟ- ɞɚɱɢ ɨɬ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɬɨɤɚ, ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɣ ɬɨɤɨɦ. ZVofI — ɡɚɞɚɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɩɟ- ɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɟɣ ɜ z-ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ, ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɣ ɬɨɤɨɦ. ɗɬɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɟ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ, ɧɨ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ.

ȼ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ Micro-Cap ɢɦɟɸɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɫ ɱɚɫ- ɬɨɬɧɨ-ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɟɣ (ɬɚɛɥ. 5.16 ɢ ɪɢɫ. 5.41).

ɂɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ, ɡɚɞɚɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ Ʌɚɩɥɚɫɚ

(Laplace Sources) (ɪɢɫ. 5.41)

Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ ɫɯɟɦ Micro-Cap (ɪɢɫ. 5.42) x ɬɪɢɛɭɬ PART: <ɢɦɹ>

ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ: FIL1 LOW1

xɬɪɢɛɭɬ LAPLACE: <S-ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ> (ɞɥɹ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ LFIofl, LFIofV, LFVofV,

LFVofl)

ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ:

1/(1+.001*S) — Ɏɇɑ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ. 1/(1+.001*S+1E-8*S*S) — Ɏɇɑ 2-ɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ.

exp(-pow((C*S*(R+S*L)),.5)) — ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɞɥɢɧɧɨɣ ɥɢ- ɧɢɢ ɫ ɩɨɬɟɪɹɦɢ.

x ɬɪɢɛɭɬ FREQ: <(ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ1,ɦɨɞɭɥɶ1,ɮɚɡɚ1) (ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ2,ɦɨɞɭɥɶ2,ɮɚɡɚ2)… …(ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚn,ɦɨɞɭɥɶn,ɮɚɡɚn)> (ɞɥɹ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ LTIofl, LTIofV, LTVofV,

LTVofl)

ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ:

(0.0,1.0,0.0) (1Meg,0.9,-10) (10Meg,0.2,-35)

Ɍ ɚ ɛ ɥ ɢ ɰ ɚ 5 . 1 6 . Ɋɚɡɧɨɜɢɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ

Ɂɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ, ɡɚɞɚɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɜ s-ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ

x ɬɪɢɛɭɬ KEYWORD: [[DB | MAG] [DEG | RAD]] | [R_l] (ɞɥɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɫ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɨɦ FREQ)

ȼɯɨɞɹɳɢɟ ɜ ɷɬɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɵɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɟ:

DB — ɦɨɞɭɥɶ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɡɚɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɞɟɰɢɛɟɥɚɯ (ɩɨ ɭɦɨɥɱɚ- ɧɢɸ);

MAG — ɦɨɞɭɥɶ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɡɚɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɵɯ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚɯ; DEG — ɮɚɡɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɜ ɝɪɚɞɭɫɚɯ (ɩɨ ɭɦɨɥɱɚɧɢɸ);

RAD — ɮɚɡɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɜ ɪɚɞɢɚɧɚɯ;