Микросхемотехника / amelina_m_a_amelin_s_a_programma_shemotehnicheskogo_modeliro

Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɧɭɫɨɢɞɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɤ ɜɯɨɞɭ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ, ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɬɨɠɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɫɢɧɭ- ɫɨɢɞɭ ɫ ɬɨɣ ɠɟ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɨɣ. ɋɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɵ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ ɢ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵ, ɡɚ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ, ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞ ɢ ɮɚɡ. ɋɥɭɱɚɣ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɢ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɸ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɯ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɣ.

ȿɫɥɢ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɣ, ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɩɨɹɜɹɬɫɹ ɫɢɝɧɚ- ɥɵ ɫ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚɦɢ, ɤɪɚɬɧɵɦɢ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɟ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɧɭɫɨɢɞɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ. ȼ ɪɟ- ɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɨɛɨɝɚɬɢɬɫɹ ɜɵɫɲɢɦɢ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤɚɦɢ. ɗɬɨ ɢ ɟɫɬɶ ɩɪɨ- ɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɯ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɣ, ɜɧɨɫɢɦɵɯ ɫɯɟɦɨɣ ɜ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ.

Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ IHD (Individual Harmonic Distortion, ɫɦ. 4.7.6)

ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɚɯ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɵ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɣ ɜɵɫɲɟɣ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢ- ɤɢ ɤ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɟ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤɢ, ɬ.ɟ. ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɜɤɥɚɞ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤɢ ɜ ɨɛɳɢɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɯ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɣ (ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤ).

Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣ ɜɢɞ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɸ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɨɡ- ɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɯɟɦ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɯ ɢɫɤɚɠɟ- ɧɢɣ. Ɉɬɦɟɬɢɦ, ɱɬɨ ɜɫɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ, ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɟ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ, ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɡɚɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ Transient c ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɨɩ- ɰɢɣ FFT ɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ (ɫɦ. 4.7.6, 6.1.2, 7.4). Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɢɯ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɣ ɜɜɨɞ ɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɨɩɰɢɣ FFT ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɪɚɡ- ɜɢɬɵɯ ɧɚɜɵɤɨɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɨɣ Micro-Cap.

Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɤɨ ɜɯɨɞɭ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɫɢɧɭɫɨɢɞɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ (Sine Source ɢɥɢ SPICE- ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ Voltage Source, Current Source). ȼɫɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɬɶ ɧɟɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɚ ɢ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɜɵɛɢ-

ɪɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɦ ɨɤɧɟ Distortion Analysis Limits.

Ɉɬɞɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɢɧɬɟɪɦɨɞɭɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɜ MC9 ɧɟɬ, ɧɨ ɷɬɢ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɵ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨ- ɜɚɧɢɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ FFT ɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ Performance (ɫɦ. ɩɪɢɦɟɪ Demo11.cir ɢ 2.5.11).

Ɂɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ Distortion Analysis Limits

Ⱦɥɹ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɪɚɫ-

ɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɞɜɭɯɬɚɤɬɧɨɝɨ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ

(ɪɢɫ. 6.19).

Ⱦɢɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɟ ɨɤɧɨ Distortion Analysis Limits ɢɦɟɟɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɩɨɥɹ ɞɥɹ ɜɜɨɞɚ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ.

Fundamental Frequency. ɗɬɨ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶ- ɡɭɟɦɚɹ ɩɪɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɣ. ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɧɭɫɨɢɞɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ.

Input Source Name: ɢɦɹ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ (ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɬɶ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ Sine, Voltage Source ɢɥɢ Current Source ɫɢɧɭɫɨɢɞɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ. ȿɝɨ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɜ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɨɛɹ- ɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ.

Ɋɢɫ. 6.19. ɧɚɥɢɡ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɯ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ DISTORTION

Input Source Amplitude — ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧ ɢɥɢ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞ ɫɢɝɧɚ- ɥɚ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ, ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɣ.

xList. ɋɩɢɫɨɤ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɟɞɟɬɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɡɚɩɹɬɭɸ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ 100mv,10mv, 1mv.

xLinear. Ɂɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɝɨ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɚ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɵ ɫ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧ-

ɧɵɦ ɲɚɝɨɦ End, Start, Step. ɉɪɢɦɟɪ: 1.0, 0.5, 0.1.

xLog. Ɂɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɥɨɝɚɪɢɮɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɚ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɵ ɫ ɲɚ-

ɝɨɦ: End, Start, Multiplier. ɉɪɢɦɟɪ: 1.0, 0.01, 10

Ⱦɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɜɜɨɞɚ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɵ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɚ- ɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɳɢɣ ɮɨɪɦɚɬ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɜɚɪɶɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ. ȿɫɥɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɜ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɜɚɪɶɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɜ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɦ ɨɤɧɟ Stepping.

Output expression: ɜɵɯɨɞɧɚɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ, ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɦɚɹ ɧɚ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɹ. Ɉɛɵɱɧɨ ɷɬɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɬɢɩɚ V(out). Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɜ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɟ ɨɧɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɜɢɞ. Ɍɚɤ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɚɤɬɢɜ- ɧɭɸ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ, ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɦɭɸ ɧɚ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɟ PD(RLOAD) ɢ ɩɪ.

Temperature: Ɂɚɞɚɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ, ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɨɦɭ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɭ ɜɚɪɶɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ.

Simulation Cycles — ɱɢɫɥɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɨɜ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ, ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨ- ɰɟɫɫɨɜ. ɗɬɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɧɚ ɭɫɬɚ- ɧɨɜɢɜɲɢɣɫɹ ɪɟɠɢɦ. Ⱦɥɹ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɛɟɡ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ (ɤɚɤ ɜ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧ- ɧɨɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ) ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ 1–3 ɩɟɪɢɨɞɨɜ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɫ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɧɵɦɢ ɫɜɹɡɹɦɢ (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ. 6.17) ɞɥɹ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɬɨɱɧɨ- ɫɬɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɨɧɚɞɨɛɢɬɶɫɹ ɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɨɜ (10–20). Ⱦɥɹ ɨɛɨɢɯ

ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɞɥɹ ɦɢɧɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɬɶ ɨɩɰɢɸ Operating Point.

ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɯɨɬɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɨɜ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ, ɫɩɟɤ- ɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɟɫɥɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɚ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ F0=1ɤȽɰ ɢ 2 ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ, Micro-Cap ɜɵ-

ɩɨɥɧɢɬ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɞɨ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ Tmax=2/F0=2/1K=2*1ɦɫ=2ɦɫ. Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɯ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ, ɬ.ɟ. ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɤ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɨɬ ɤɨɧɰɚ 1-ɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɞɨ ɤɨɧɰɚ 2-ɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ, ɬ.ɟ. ɨɬ 1ɦɫ ɞɨ 2ɦɫ. ɗɬɚ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɧɭɫɨɢɞɵ ɢ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɜɵɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɦ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɟ (Sampled Waveform) ɞɥɹ ɜɵ- ɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ. 6.19).

Maximum Time Step: Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɲɚɝɚ ɩɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫ- ɱɟɬɟ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ. Ɉɛɵɱɧɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɨɬ 0.001 ɞɨ 0.01 ɨɬ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɨɬɤɥɢɤɚ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ɏɭɪɶɟ.

Ɋɹɞ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɞɥɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɨɝɪɚ- ɧɢɱɟɧ 3-ɦɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹɦɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɭɠɟ ɢɦɟɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɤɧɟ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɜ ɢ ɧɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɵ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɦ:

HARM(u) — ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ u;

THD(S[,F]) — ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɯ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚ S, ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɧ- ɬɚɯ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɧɚ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɟ F;

IHD(S[,F]) — ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɯ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ- ɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚ S, ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɚɯ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɧɚ ɱɚɫ- ɬɨɬɟ F.

ɉɪɢɦɟɪ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɞɜɭɯɬɚɤɬɧɨɦ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɟ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 6.19 (ɫɯɟɦɧɵɣ ɮɚɣɥ UM_01.cir ɢɡ ɤɚɬɚɥɨɝɚ Analysis\Distortion).

ȼ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɨɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɩɨɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɢɧɭɫɨɢɞɚ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɨɣ 1ɤȽɰ ɢ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɨɣ 25ɦȼ ɨɬ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ V1, ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ

ɫɢɧɭɫɨɢɞɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ Sine Source. ɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ 2 ɩɟɪɢɨɞɨɜ (2 ɦɫ), ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ V(Out) ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɩɟɤ- ɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɭ ɧɚ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ ɨɬ 1 ɦɫ ɞɨ 2 ɦɫ. ɇɚ ɝɪɚɮɢɤ ɜɵɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɚɦ- ɩɥɢɬɭɞɵ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ (ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ HARM), ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɧɟ- ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɯ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚ (IHD), ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɵɣ ɤɨ- ɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤ (THD).

Ƚɪɚɮɢɤɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɱɬɨ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɬɢɩɚ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɶɤɚ ɞɜɭɯɬɚɤɬɧɨɝɨ ɭɫɢɥɢ- ɬɟɥɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɣ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ. ɑɟɬɧɵɟ ɢ ɧɟɱɟɬɧɵɟ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤɢ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɨɝɢɛɚɸɳɢɟ. ɉɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɱɟɬɧɵɯ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜ- ɥɟɧɨ ɧɟɨɬɛɚɥɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ Ɉɍ. ɉɨɥɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹ- ɟɬ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ 3,7% ɞɥɹ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ 25ɦȼ.

Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ

Ʉɚɤ ɭɠɟ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɥɨɫɶ, ɜɵɛɨɪ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɪɟɠɢ- ɦɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧ, ɚ ɢɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨ- ɬɨɣ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɧɨɫɢɬɶ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɨɥɹ Y Expressions. Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɥɢɲɶ ɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɧɚɛɨɪ FFT-ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ, ɡɚɩɪɟɳɚɹ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɡɪɟ- ɲɚɹ ɢɯ ɜ ɝɪɚɮɟ P. Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɪɟɞɚɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɵ ɜ ɝɪɚɮɚɯ X range, Y range, ɱɬɨ ɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɨ ɜ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ (ɪɢɫ. 6.19). Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɡɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ X range ɞɥɹ FFT-ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨ- ɬɨɣ, ɬ.ɟ. ɜɟɪɯɧɹɹ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɜɧɵɦ ɟɟ ɞɟɫɹɬɢɤɪɚɬɧɨɦɭ ɡɧɚɱɟ- ɧɢɸ (10000 ɜ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɪɢɫ. 6.19).

ɂɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɫɢɥɶɧɭɸ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɨɬ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ.

Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɨɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ. ɍɛɟɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɦɨɠɧɨ, ɡɚɩɭɫɬɢɜ

ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɫ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɧɵɦɢ ɫɜɹɡɹɦɢ ɩɪɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɢ ɫɛɪɨɲɟɧɧɨɦ ɮɥɚɠɤɟ Operating Point (ɫɦ. ɩɪɢɦɟɪ US_JFET_Ɉɂ.cir). Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ

ɩɪɢɦɟɪɚ ɫɢɥɶɧɨɟ ɪɚɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɫɛɪɨɲɟɧɧɨɦ ɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɮɥɚɠɤɟ Operating Point ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɚɠɟ ɩɪɢ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɨɜ ɪɚɜɧɨɦ 20.

Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɜɢɫɹɬ ɨɬ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɢɡ-

ɡɚ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɫɯɟɦ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɞɥɹ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟ- ɥɟɣ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ , ɩɪɢ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɢ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɵ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ, ɨɧɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚ- ɸɬɫɹ. Ⱦɥɹ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ B (AB) ɩɪɢ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɢ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɢɫɤɚ- ɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɸɬɫɹ (ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚ «ɫɬɭɩɟɧɶɤɢ»), ɡɚɬɟɦ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ (ɫɦ.

ɩɪɢɦɟɪ UM_02.cir ɢɡ ɤɚɬɚɥɨɝɚ Analysis\Distortion).

6.9. Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɜ MC10

ɧɚɥɢɡ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɯ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɣ (HarmonicDistortion) ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɟ

ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɫ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚɦɢ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɪɚɡ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦɢ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɧɭɫɨɢɞɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ. Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹ ɪɚɡ- ɧɨɜɢɞɧɨɫɬɶ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɚ ɚɧɧɚɥɢɡɭ DISTORTION ɜ MC9, ɨɞɧɚ- ɤɨ ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɭɞɨɛɫɬɜɚ, ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬ- ɜɨɜɚɜɲɢɟ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɢɯ ɜɟɪɫɢɹɯ.

ɧɚɥɢɡ ɢɧɬɟɪɦɨɞɭɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɣ (Intermodulation Distortion) ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɟ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ. ɇɨ ɜ

ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɬɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ, ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɭɦɦɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ, ɤɪɚɬɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɟ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɞɜɭɯ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ.

Ⱦɥɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɢɧɬɟɪɦɨɞɭɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɩɨɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɢɝ- ɧɚɥ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɫɭɦɦɵ ɞɜɭɯ ɫɢɧɭɫɨɢɞ ɫ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚɦɢ f1 ɢ f2. Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ ɢ ɚɦɩɥɢ- ɬɭɞ ɷɬɢɯ ɫɢɧɭɫɨɢɞ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɨɣ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɨɣ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ IMD (ɜɫɟ- ɝɨ ɢɯ ɬɪɢ). ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ — ɷɬɨ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɫ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚɦɢ f1 ɢ f2, ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ (ɢɧɬɟɪɦɨ- ɞɭɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ) ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ — ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɫ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚɦɢ (f1+f2) ɢ (f1 – f2), ɚ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɬɪɟɬɶɟɝɨ ɩɨ-

ɪɹɞɤɚ — ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤɢ ɫ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚɦɢ (2f1+f2), (2f1–f2), (f1+2f2), ɢ (f1–2f2).

Ʉɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤɢ 2-ɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬ- ɫɹ ɩɨ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɟ ɨɬ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɢɧɭɫɨɢɞɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ, ɬɨɝɞɚ ɤɚɤ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɤɨɦɛɢ- ɧɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ 3-ɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɛɥɢɡɤɢ ɤ ɷɬɢɦ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚɦ.

ɧɚɥɢɡ ɢɧɬɟɪɦɨɞɭɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɣ (Intermodulation Distortion) — ɧɨ- ɜɵɣ ɜɢɞ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ MC10. Ɉɧ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɜ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ H1 (ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤɢ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ), IM2 (ɢɧɬɟɪɦɨ- ɞɭɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ), ɢ IM3 (ɢɧɬɟɪɦɨɞɭɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ 3-ɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ) ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ (VIN), ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ (VOUT), ɜɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ PIN, ɢɥɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɦɨɳ- ɧɨɫɬɢ POUT.

ɉɪɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɨɛɨɢɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟ- ɧɢɣ ɢɥɢ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɜ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɵɯ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚɯ, ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɚɯ, ɜ dB, ɱɬɨ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬ- ɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨɛɳɟɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɪɚɞɢɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɚɭɞɢɨ-ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ.

Ɉɛɚ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɬɢɩɚ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɦɟɧɸ Analysis.

6.9.1. Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɣ Harmonic Distortion

ȼɫɟ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɫɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɟ ɨɛ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɯ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɣ DISTORTION ɜ ɜɟɪɫɢɢ MC9 (ɫɦ. 6.8) ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɢ ɤ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɜɢɞɭ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɜ MC10.

ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵ ɜ ɯɨɞɟ ɩɪɨ- ɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ Transient. ɇɨ ɷɬɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɜɫɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ Ɏɭɪɶɟ-ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ (FFT). ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ Harmonic Distortion ɭɩɪɨɳɚɟɬ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɭ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬ- ɪɨɜ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ (ɷɬɨ ɞɟɥɚɟɬɫɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ) ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɝɪɚɮɢ- ɤɨɜ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɯ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɟ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɯɟɦɵ (ɛɟɡ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɫɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɢɡ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚ PERFORMANCE).

Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɣ (Harmonic Distortion), ɤ ɜɯɨɞɭ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɫɢɧɭɫɨɢɞɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɬɨɤɚ

(Sinɟ source, Voltage Source ɢɥɢ Current Source ɬɢɩɨɜ SIN). ɑɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɢ ɚɦ-

ɩɥɢɬɭɞɚ ɟɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɤɧɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ (Harmonic Distortion Analysis Limits).

Ⱦɢɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɟ ɨɤɧɨ Harmonic Distortion Analysis Limits

ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɚ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɚ ɫɯɟɦɚ PSS2 ɢɡ ɤɚɬɚɥɨɝɚ Analysis\DISTORTION\MC10 (ɪɢɫ. 6.20), ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜ-

ɥɹɸɳɚɹ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɜɭɤɨɜɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ. ɉɪɢ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɟ ɜ ɦɟɧɸ Analysis ɩɭɧɤɬɚ Harmonic Distortion ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɟ ɨɤɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɚ- ɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ (ɪɢɫ. 6.20). Ɉɧɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɩɨɥɹ:

Ɋɢɫ. 6.20. Ɉɤɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ Harmonic Distortion ɜ MC10

Fundamental Frequency. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ (ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤɢ) ɜɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ F0. Ɍɚɤɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɭ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɫɢɧɭɫɨɢ- ɞɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ, ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨ ɜɯɨɞɭ ɫɯɟɦɵ (ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɜ ɝɪɚɮɟ Name

of Input Source).

Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɥɹ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ, ɧɨ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɬɶ ɬɪɟɦɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɦɢ: ɫɩɢɫɤɨɦ (List), ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɨɦ ɫ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɦ ɲɚɝɨɦ (Linear) ɢ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨ- ɧɨɦ ɫ ɥɨɝɚɪɢɮɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɲɚɝɨɦ (Log).

xList. Ɂɚɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ, ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɡɚɩɹɬɵɦɢ,

ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ 1K,5K,10K

xLinear. ɂɦɟɟɬ ɮɨɪɦɚɬ End, Start, Step (ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɟ, ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɟ, ɲɚɝ). ɇɚɩɪɢ- ɦɟɪ 5K, 1K, 1K. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɱɚɫ-

ɬɨɬɚɯ: 1K, 2K, 3K, 4K, 5K.

xLog. ɂɦɟɟɬ ɮɨɪɦɚɬ End, Start, Multiplier (ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɟ, ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɟ, ɦɧɨɠɢɬɟɥɶ). ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ 8K, 1K, 2. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚɯ: 1K, 2K, 4K, 8K.

Name of Input Source. Ɂɚɞɚɟɬ ɢɦɹ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ. ɗɬɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɤɚɤ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ Sine Source ɮɨɪɦɚɬɚ

Micro-Cap, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ Voltage Source ɢ Current Source ɬɢɩɚ SIN ɮɨɪɦɚɬɚ

SPICE. Ⱦɥɹ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɜ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɯɨɬɹ ɛɵ ɨɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɬɢɩɨɜ.

Input Source Amplitude. Ɂɚɞɚɟɬ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɭ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ. Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɬɶ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞ (ɜɚɪɢɚɰɢɢ), ɞɥɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬ. Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ – ɬɚɤɨɣ ɠɟ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ.

Name of Load Resistor. Ɂɚɞɚɟɬ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɧɚ- ɝɪɭɡɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ. ɉɨ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɥɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɸ ɧɚ ɷɬɨɦ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɟ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɢɡɦɟɪɹɬɶɫɹ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɟ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɹ. ɉɪɢɦɟɪ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ: RL, RLOAD, R23.

Noise Frequency Range. Ⱦɢɚɩɚɡɨɧ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɢɡɦɟɪɹɬɶɫɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ (ɫɪɟɞɧɟɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ) ɲɭɦɚ. ɒɭɦ ɢɡɦɟɪɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚ ɜɫɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɥɨɫɢɝɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ AC ɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ SQRT(SUM(ONOISE*ONOISE)) ɫ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɦɢ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɟ ɞɥɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ SUM, ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɨɥɟ ɨɤɧɚ. Ɋɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɧɨɟ ɡɧɚ- ɱɟɧɢɟ ɲɭɦɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹɯ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɣ: THDN (ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɲɭɦɨɜ THD+NOISE), SINAD (ɨɬɧɨɲɟ- ɧɢɟ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ-ɲɭɦ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤ 1/THDN), SNR (ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ-ɲɭɦ).

Temperature. Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ, ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɢɫɤɚ- ɠɟɧɢɣ. ɉɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɨɛɵɱɧɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɵ ɜɚɪɢɚɰɢɢ: ɫɩɢɫɤɨɦ, ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɣ, ɥɨɝɚɪɢɮɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɢ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɵ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ.

ɋɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɞɜɚ ɩɨɥɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɩɰɢɢ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ ɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ PSS.

Max Simulation Cycles. Ɂɚɞɚɟɬ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɨɜ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɮɭɧɞɚ- ɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ, ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɤɚɠɞɚɹ ɜɚɪɢɚ- ɰɢɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ. Ⱦɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɞɨɫɬɚ- ɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ. ɉɨɞɯɨɞɹɳɢɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɚ ɫɯɟɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ 50-1000. Ɉɬɦɟɬɢɦ, ɱɬɨ ɯɨɬɹ ɫɢɦɭ- ɥɹɰɢɹ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɨɜ, ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚ- ɥɢɡɚ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ɏɭɪɶɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨ- ɫɥɟɞɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɟɫɥɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɚ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤɢ1kHz ɢ 50 ɩɟɪɢɨɞɨɜ, MC10 ɡɚɩɭɫɬɢɬ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɫ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɦ ɜɪɟɦɟ- ɧɟɦ tmax=50/F0=50/1K=50mS. Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨ- ɜɚɧɢɹ Ɏɭɪɶɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɜɡɹɬɚ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɤɨɧɰɨɦ 49-ɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ (49mS) ɢ ɤɨɧɰɨɦ 50-ɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ (50mS). Ɍ.ɟ. ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ Harmonic Distortion

ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɜ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ Tmax=50/F0, Tstart=(50-1)/F0. ɗɬɨ ɭɫɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ

ɭɜɢɞɟɬɶ ɧɚ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɟ ɫ ɦɟɬɤɨɣ V(RL), ɟɫɥɢ RL — ɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ- ɝɪɭɡɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ.

Steady State Tolerance. ɍɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɩɨɝɪɟɲɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚ- ɤɚɩɥɢɜɚɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤ THD, ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɚɬɶ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ, ɧɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɨɜ, ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɜ ɝɪɚɮɟ Max Simulation Cycles. Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɬɶ ɟɟ ɪɚɜɧɨɣ ɧɭɥɸ, ɟɫɥɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɨɣɞɟɧɵ ɜɫɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɰɢɤɥɵ.

Time Step Ratio. Ɂɚɞɚɟɬ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɲɚɝ ɩɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɫɢ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶ- ɡɭɟɦɵɣ ɜ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ. ɗɬɚ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ 1E- 3…1E-2. ȼɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɲɚɝɚ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɪɚɫ- ɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ (Time Step Ratio)/F0, ɝɞɟ F0 — ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ.

Highest Harmonic in THD. ɍɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɧɚɢɜɵɫɲɢɣ ɧɨɦɟɪ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤɢ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɨɣ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɯ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɣ THD. Ɋɟɞɤɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɟɝɨ ɜɵɲɟ 7.

Number of Time Points. Ɂɚɞɚɟɬ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɯ ɬɨɱɟɤ, ɜɵɜɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɜ ɮɚɣɥ ɱɢɫɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɵɜɨɞɚ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫ- ɫɨɜ. ɑɢɫɥɨɜɨɣ ɜɵɜɨɞ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɭɫ- ɬɚɧɨɜɤɚɦɢ ɨɤɧɚ Properties (F10). Ɉɛɳɟɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɬɨɱɟɤ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɪɚɜɧɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟ-

ɧɢɸ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ ɢ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ.

Number of Frequency Points. Ɂɚɞɚɟɬ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɯ ɬɨɱɟɤ ɜ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɟ AC ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɞɥɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɲɭɦɨɜɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɫɯɟɦɵ. Ɉɧɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɜɨɞɚ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɜ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶ- ɡɭɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɭ F, ɤɚɤ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ

HARM(V(RL)).

ɉɚɧɟɥɢ Run, Add, Delete, Expand, Stepping, PSS, Properties, ɢ Help

ɢɦɟɸɬ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɠɟ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ. Ɍɨ ɠɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɢ ɤ ɨɩɰɢɹɦ Run, State Variables, Operating Point, Auto Scale

Ranges, Periodic Steady State, ɢ Accumulate Plots.

ȼɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɜ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɜɵɜɨɞɚ. Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɢɯ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɫɜɨɢ- ɦɢ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɩɚɧɟɥɶ Add ɢɥɢ ɡɚɩɪɟɬɢɬɶ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɢɡ ɜɫɬɪɨ- ɟɧɧɵɯ (ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɥɟɦ P — Plot Number).

Ⱦɥɹ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢ- ɪɭɟɦɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɥɚɫɶ ɜ ɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ. ȼ MC10 ɫɬɚɰɢɨ- ɧɚɪɧɵɣ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɦɢ:

xɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɜ ɝɪɚɮɟ Maximum simulation cycles ɬɚɤɨɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɰɢɤɥɨɜ, ɩɪɢ ɤɨ- ɬɨɪɨɦ ɤ ɧɚɱɚɥɭ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɰɢɤɥɚ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɡɚɬɭ- ɯɚɸɬ. ɗɬɨɬ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨ, ɟɫɥɢ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɚ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɚɹ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɟ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɜ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɦɚɥɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ.

xȼɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɨɩɰɢɸ Periodic Steady State (PSS — ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ). ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɚɟɬ ɫɟɪɢɸ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ Transient-ɚɧɚɥɢɡɨɜ, ɫ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣ ɢɬɟ- ɪɚɰɢɟɣ ɜɫɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɚɸɳɟɣɫɹ ɤ ɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɨɦɭ ɪɟɠɢɦɭ. Ʉɚɠɞɚɹ ɢɬɟ- ɪɚɰɢɹ ɜɵɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɝɪɚɮɢɤ, ɚ ɪɚɡɧɢɰɚ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ,

ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɚɹ ɫɭɞɢɬɶ ɨ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɛɥɢɡɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɨɦɭ ɪɟɠɢɦɭ, ɜɵɜɨ- ɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɨɤɟ.

Ɉɩɰɢɹ PSS ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɢɥɭɱɲɢɦ ɜɵɛɨɪɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟ- ɦɵ ɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɬɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɟɫɥɢ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɚɧɚ- ɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɦ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ ɚɦɥɢɬɭɞ ɢ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ. Ɉɧɚ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɞɚɟɬ ɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɡɚ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ.

Ⱦɢɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɟ ɨɤɧɨ Analysis Limits, ɜ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɜɵɜɨɞɚ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɜɫɬɪɨ- ɟɧɧɵɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɜɨɞɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɜ:

HARM(V(RL)) — ɝɪɚɮɢɤ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ V(RL). DB(HARMN(V(RL))) — ɝɪɚɮɢɤ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ,

ɨɬɧɟɫɟɧɧɵɯ ɤ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɟ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤɢ ɢ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɞɟɰɢɛɟɥɚɯ. THD(HARM(V(RL))) — ɝɪɚɮɢɤ ɧɚɤɚɩɥɢɜɚɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɝɚɪɦɨ-

ɧɢɤ (ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɯ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɣ) ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɨɱɧɨɦ ɪɟ- ɡɢɫɬɨɪɟ V(RL).

THDN(HARM(V(RL))) — ɝɪɚɮɢɤ ɧɚɤɚɩɥɢɜɚɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɝɚɪɦɨ- ɧɢɤ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɜ ɲɭɦɨɜ ɧɚ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɨɱɧɨɦ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɟ V(RL).

V(RL) — ɝɪɚɮɢɤ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɨɱɧɨɦ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɟ V(RL) ɨɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ.

Ʌɸɛɨɣ ɢɡ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɯ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɜ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɡɚɩɪɟɳɟɧ ɭɫ- ɬɚɧɨɜɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɟɥɚ (N) ɜ ɩɨɥɟ plot number (P) ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɜɵɜɨɞɚ. ȼ ɩɪɢɦɟ- ɪɟ ɪɢɫ. 6.20 ɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɥɢɲɶ 2 ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚ: ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢ- ɟɧɬ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ.

ȼ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɤɨ ɜɯɨɞɭ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɢɧɭɫɨɢ- ɞɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɨɣ 2mV ɢ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɨɣ 1kHz ɨɬ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɫ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ VIN, ɡɚɬɟɦ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɫ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɩɰɢɟɣ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ ɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ PSS. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɚɪɢɚɧ- ɬɚ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɚ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ 2 ɪɚɡɚ ɢ ɫɧɨɜɚ

ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɜɫɟɯ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɜ ɢ ɬɚɤ ɞɨ ɬɟɯ ɩɨɪ ɩɨɤɚ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɚ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɧɟ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ 500 mV. Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɨɩɢ- ɫɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ 10 kHz. ȿɫɥɢ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɨ ɪɚɫɩɚ- ɪɚɥɥɟɥɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ (threading), ɬɨ ɧɚ ɝɪɚɮɢɤ ɜɵɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ 2 ɬɨɱɤɢ (ɢɥɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ, ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɧɵɯ ɹɞɟɪ ɜ ɤɨɦɩɶɸ- ɬɟɪɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ), ɱɬɨ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬ ɨɛɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ.

Ⱦɥɹ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɧɚɠɚɬɶ F2 ɢɥɢ RUN. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɜɵ- ɝɥɹɞɟɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 6.20, ɫɩɪɚɜɚ.

ɗɬɢɦ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɯ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ MicroCap 10 ɧɟ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ. Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ (ɨɩɨɫɪɟɞɨ- ɜɚɧɧɵɯ) ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɟɣ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɭ ɦɟɧɸ Harmonic

Distortion>Harmonic Distortion Windows>Add Harmonic Distortion Window. Ʉɨ-

ɦɚɧɞɚ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɬ ɤ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɦɧɨɝɨɡɚɤɥɚɞɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɨɤɧɚ Properties for Harmonic Distortion (ɪɢɫ. 6.21). ȼ ɧɟɦ ɢ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɜɵɜɨɞɚ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɜ ɨɩɨɫɪɟɞɨ- ɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɟɣ. Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɷɬɨ ɨɤɧɨ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɟɟ.

Ⱦɢɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɟ ɨɤɧɨ Properties for Harmonic Distortion

Plot. Ɂɚɤɥɚɞɤɚ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɜ ɨɩɨɫɪɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɟɣ.

xCurves — Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɞɨɛɚɜɢɬɶ/ɭɞɚɥɢɬɶ ɢɥɢ ɫɤɪɵɬɶ/ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɝɪɚɮɢɤ ɞɨ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ. ɇɚɠɚɬɢɟ Add ɞɨɛɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɤɪɢɜɭɸ ɧɚ ɝɪɚɮɢɤ.

Ƚɚɥɨɱɤɚ ɜ ɫɩɢɫɤɟ Curves ɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɟɬ ɜɵɜɨɞ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚ ɜ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟ- ɫɤɨɟ ɨɤɧɨ.

xTitle — ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɪɢɫɜɨɢɬɶ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɭ ɢɦɹ. ȿɫɥɢ ɜ ɧɟɣ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɚ ɨɩɰɢɹ Auto, ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɫɜɚɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɞɥɹ ɩɨ- ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɭ.

xX Axis — Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɭɸ, ɨɬɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɦɭɸ ɩɨ ɨɫɢ X.

Ɋɢɫ. 6.21. Ⱦɢɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɟ ɨɤɧɨ Harmonic Distortion Properties

ɂɦɟɸɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ:

F —ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤɢ

VIN — ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɜ ɜɨɥɶɬɚɯ VOUT — ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɜ ɜɨɥɶɬɚɯ PIN — ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ

POUT — ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ

Show As — ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɜɨɞɚ:

dB — ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɨɫɢ X ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ ɥɨɝɚɪɢɮɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɟɞɢ- ɧɢɰɚɯ dB. ȿɫɥɢ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ (voltage), ɬɨ ɩɨ ɨɫɢ ɏ ɨɬɤɥɚɞɵ-

ɜɚɟɬɫɹ 20*LOG10(voltage). ȿɫɥɢ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɚ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ, ɬɨ ɩɨ ɨɫɢ ɏ ɨɬ-

ɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ 10*LOG10(Power).

dBm — ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɨɫɢ X ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ ɥɨɝɚɪɢɮɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚɯ dBm. Ⱦɨɫɬɭɩɧɚ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɟ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ (power). ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɛɨɪɟ ɨɩɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɨɫɢ X ɨɬɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ

10*LOG10(Power/1E-3).