Микросхемотехника / amelina_m_a_amelin_s_a_programma_shemotehnicheskogo_modeliro
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8. ɉɪɨɫɦɨɬɪ ɢ ɨɛɪ ɛɨɬɤ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬ ɬɨɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜ ɧɢɹ |
431 |
xWait for Key Press. ȼɵɛɨɪ ɷɬɨɣ ɨɩɰɢɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɚɧɢɦɚɰɢɢ, ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨ-
ɪɨɦ ɤɚɠɞɚɹ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɧɚɹ ɬɨɱɤɚ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɜ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɹ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɢ ɤɥɚɜɢɲ CTRL+<ɩɪɨɛɟɥ>;
xWait for time Delay. ȼɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɚɧɢɦɚɰɢɢ, ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɧɚɹ ɬɨɱɤɚ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɜ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɫɹ ɫ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɦ ɡɚɩɚɡɞɵɜɚɧɢɟɦ (ɩɨ ɭɦɨɥɱɚɧɢɸ ɭɫɬɚ- ɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɡɚɩɚɡɞɵɜɚɧɢɟ 0.5 ɫ).
Ɋɢɫ. 8.8. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɚɧɢɦɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɟ ɨɤɧɨ Animate Options
Time Delay. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɨɥɟ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜ ɫɟɤɭɧɞɚɯ, ɩɨ ɢɫɬɟɱɟɧɢɢ ɤɨ- ɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɧɚ ɝɪɚɮɢɤ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɜɵɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɧɚɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɚɹ ɬɨɱɤɚ. ɉɨɥɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɢ- ɡɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ, ɟɫɥɢ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɚ ɨɩɰɢɹ Wait for time Delay.
OK. Ɂɚɤɪɵɬɢɟ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɤɧɚ ɫ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɫɟɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ. Cancel. Ɂɚɤɪɵɬɢɟ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɤɧɚ ɛɟɡ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ. Help. ȼɵɡɨɜ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚ ɩɨɞɫɤɚɡɤɢ Animate Options.
ɋɦ. ɩɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɫɯɟɦ ɫ ɚɧɢɦɚɰɢɟɣ ɜ ɤɚɬɚɥɨɝɚɯ Analysis\Animation ɢ Component\Animation.
8.7. Ɍɪɟɯɦɟɪɧɵɟ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɢ
ɉɪɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɢ ɬɪɟɯɦɟɪɧɵɯ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ 3 ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ, ɤɚɠ- ɞɚɹ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɜɡɚɢɦɧɨ-ɨɪɬɨɝɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɧɵɯ ɨɫɟɣ X, Y ɢ Z (ɪɢɫ. 8.9). Ɉɫɶ Z ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɹɦɭɸ ɥɢ- ɧɢɸ, ɩɟɪɩɟɧɞɢɤɭɥɹɪɧɭɸ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɵ (ɷɤɪɚɧɚ), ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɤ ɧɚ- ɛɥɸɞɚɬɟɥɸ. Ɉɫɢ X ɢ Y — ɜɡɚɢɦɧɨ ɩɟɪɩɟɧɞɢɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɟ ɨɫɢ ɜ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɫɬɢ ɫɬɪɚɧɢ- ɰɵ (ɷɤɪɚɧɚ).
ȼɵɯɨɞɧɚɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ Y, ɨɬɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɦɚɹ ɩɨ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɨɫɢ. Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵ 2 ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚ:
xɎɭɧɤɰɢɹ Y(x,z) — ɷɬɨ ɥɸɛɨɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ, ɡɚɜɢɫɹɳɟɟ ɨɬ 2-ɯ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ, ɝɪɚɮɢɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ. ɉɟɪɜɚɹ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɚɹ
432 |
ɉɪɨɝɪ ɦɦ ɫɯɟɦɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜ ɧɢɹ Micro-Cap. ȼɟɪɫɢɢ 9, 10 |
ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ X — ɷɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ T, ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ F ɢɥɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ DCinput. ȼɬɨɪɚɹ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɚɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ Z — ɷɬɨ ɥɢɛɨ ɜɚɪɶɢɪɭɟɦɚɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ, ɥɢɛɨ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪ ɫɯɟɦɵ, ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɣ ɩɨɲɚɝɨɜɵɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɨɤɧɚ
Stepping;
xɎɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɢɡ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ Performance, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɳɚɹ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɱɟɦ ɞɜɭɦɟɪɧɨɟ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɛɵɱɧɵɯ ɤɪɢɜɵɯ, ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɧɨɣ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɫɬɢ. ɍɤɚ- ɡɚɧɧɨɟ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɤɪɢɜɵɯ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɜɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɦ ɩɨɲɚɝɨ- ɜɨɦ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ (Nested Loops) ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɱɟɦ ɞɜɭɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɫɯɟɦɵ, ɨɞ- ɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɹ ɩɨ ɨɫɹɦ X ɢ Z ɨɬ- ɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɜɚɪɶɢɪɭɟɦɵɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ.
Ɋɢɫ. 8.9. Ɋɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɧɵɯ ɨɫɟɣ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɢ ɬɪɟɯɦɟɪɧɵɯ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɜ
Ⱦɥɹ ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɬɪɟɯɦɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚ ɪɚɫ- ɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ (ɪɢɫ. 8.10) ɩɨɥɨɫɨɜɨɝɨ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ (ɩɪɢɦɟɪ 3d2.cir ɢɡ ɤɚɬɚɥɨɝɚ Analysis\3D). ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɜɥɨ- ɠɟɧɧɨɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ. ȼɨ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɦ ɰɢɤɥɟ ɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ L2 ɨɬ 11mH ɞɨ 13mH ɫ ɲɚɝɨɦ 0,25mH; ɜɨ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɦ — ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ C1 ɨɬ 800pF ɞɨ 900pF ɫ ɲɚɝɨɦ 25pF. ɗɬɨ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɬ ɤ 9*5=45 ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚɦ ɦɚɥɨɫɢɝɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ.
ɑɏ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɨɫɨɜɨɝɨ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɥɨɝɚɪɢɮɦɢɱɟ- ɫɤɨɦ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɟ ɜ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ ɨɬ 45ɤȽɰ ɞɨ 55 ɤȽɰ (ɪɢɫ. 8.10). ɉɨɫɥɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɜɵɩɨɥ- ɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɚ AC>3D Windows>Add 3D Window, ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɳɚɹ ɤ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɢɸ ɞɢɚ- ɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɤɧɚ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ, ɨɬɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɩɨ ɨɫɹɦ X
(C1.Value), Z (L2.Value) ɢ Y (Y_Range(db(v(Out)),1,1,49K,51K). Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɹ
Performance, ɨɬɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɦɚɹ ɩɨ ɨɫɢ Y ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɩɭɥɶɫɚɰɢɢ ɤɨɷɮ- ɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɫɟ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚɧɢɹ 49–51 ɤȽɰ. ɉɪɢ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɢ ɈɄ ɩɨɹɜɢɬɫɹ ɨɤɧɨ ɫ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɦ ɬɪɟɯɦɟɪɧɵɦ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɦ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɭɥɶɫɚɰɢɣ.
ɉɪɢɦɟɪ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɵɱɧɵɯ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɜ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ, ɬɨɤɚ) ɜ ɬɪɟɯɦɟɪɧɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɜ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ 3d1.cir ɢɡ ɤɚɬɚɥɨɝɚ Analysis\3D.
ȼɢɞɨɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɪɟɯɦɟɪɧɵɯ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɜ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɶ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɤɧɚ Properties, ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɞɜɨɣɧɵɦ ɳɟɥɱɤɨɦ ɦɵɲɢ
ɩɨ ɩɨɥɸ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚ ɢɥɢ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɟɦ F10 ( 
). Ɉɧɨ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɤɢ:
Plot. ɗɬɚ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɤɚ ɨɤɧɚ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɟ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚ. Ɉɤɧɨ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɬɪɢ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɜɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɫɩɢɫɤɚ: X axis, Z axis, Y axis, ɜ ɤɨɬɨ-
434 |
ɉɪɨɝɪ ɦɦ ɫɯɟɦɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜ ɧɢɹ Micro-Cap. ȼɟɪɫɢɢ 9, 10 |
ɠɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɤɥɨɧɨɜ (Slope Calculation): ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶ- ɧɵɣ, ɞȻ/ɨɤɬɚɜɚ, ɞȻ/ɞɟɤɚɞɚ.
Color. ɍɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɰɜɟɬɨɜɵɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ, ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɤɢ, ɢɡɨɥɢɧɢɣ, ɬɪɟɯ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɧɵɯ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɫɬɟɣ (Plane), ɡɚɞɧɟɝɨ ɮɨɧɚ 3D-ɨɤɧɚ, ɜɵ- ɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɚ, ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɩɪɹɦɨɭɝɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ. Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɪɚɫɤɪɚɫɤɢ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ:
xɋlear. ɉɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɟ ɨɤɪɚɲɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ, ɹɜɥɹɹɫɶ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɪɨɡɪɚɱɧɨɣ ɢ ɫɨ- ɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɢɡ ɢɡɨɥɢɧɢɣ.
xSpectrum. ɉɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɤɪɚɲɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɞɭɠɧɵɟ ɬɨɧɚ, ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɬɨɧ ɡɚɜɢ- ɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ Y-ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɵ. Ƚɨɥɭɛɨɣ ɰɜɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶ- ɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ, ɤɪɚɫɧɵɣ — ɞɥɹ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ.
xGray. ɉɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɤɪɚɲɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɬɬɟɧɤɢ ɫɟɪɨɝɨ. ɑɟɪɧɵɣ ɰɜɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭ- ɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ, ɛɟɥɵɣ — ɞɥɹ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ.
xRed, Green, Blue. ɉɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɤɪɚɲɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɧɚ ɤɪɚɫɧɨɝɨ, ɡɟɥɟɧɨɝɨ, ɝɨɥɭɛɨɝɨ ɰɜɟɬɨɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ.
Font. ɇɚ ɷɬɨɣ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɤɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬ ɝɚɪɧɢɬɭɪɭ, ɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɢ ɧɚɱɟɪɬɚɧɢɟ ɲɪɢɮɬɚ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɞɥɹ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ.
Tool Bar. ɍɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɨɤɧɚ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɟɯɦɟɪɧɵɯ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɜ.
ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɬɪɟɯɦɟɪɧɵɯ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɜ
Ɉɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɹ ɬɪɟɯɦɟɪɧɵɯ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɜ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɚ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɦɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɦɢ:
1.Ɂɚɯɜɚɬɨɦ ɢ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɤɨɣ ɩɪɚɜɨɣ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɟɣ ɦɵɲɢ (ɬɨɱɧɨ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ ɤɚɤ ɩɚɧɨ- ɪɚɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɨɛɵɱɧɨɦ ɞɜɭɦɟɪɧɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ).
2.ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɤɥɚɜɢɚɬɭɪɵ:
x A: ɉɨɜɨɪɨɬ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚ ɩɨ ɱɚɫɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɪɟɥɤɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɫɢ X.
xQ: ɉɨɜɨɪɨɬ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚ ɩɪɨɬɢɜ ɱɚɫɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɪɟɥɤɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɫɢ X.
xW: ɉɨɜɨɪɨɬ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚ ɩɨ ɱɚɫɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɪɟɥɤɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɫɢ Y.
xS: ɉɨɜɨɪɨɬ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚ ɩɪɨɬɢɜ ɱɚɫɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɪɟɥɤɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɫɢ Y.
xE: ɉɨɜɨɪɨɬ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚ ɩɨ ɱɚɫɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɪɟɥɤɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɫɢ Z.
xD: ɉɨɜɨɪɨɬ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚ ɩɪɨɬɢɜ ɱɚɫɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɪɟɥɤɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɫɢ Z.
xX: ȼɢɞ ɩɟɪɩɟɧɞɢɤɭɥɹɪɧɨ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɫɬɢ YZ (X=0).
xY: ȼɢɞ ɩɟɪɩɟɧɞɢɤɭɥɹɪɧɨ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɫɬɢ XZ (Y=0).
xZ: ȼɢɞ ɩɟɪɩɟɧɞɢɤɭɥɹɪɧɨ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɫɬɢ XY (Z=0).
xCTRL+HOME: ȼɨɡɜɪɚɬ ɤ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɨɣ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ.
xC: ɉɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɧɵɦ ɪɟɥɶɟɮɨɦ ɧɚ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɫɬɢ ZX ɢ ɨɛɵɱɧɵɦ ɬɪɟɯɦɟɪɧɵɦ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɦ.
436 |
ɉɪɨɝɪ ɦɦ ɫɯɟɦɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜ ɧɢɹ Micro-Cap. ȼɟɪɫɢɢ 9, 10 |
WN= FN/FC — ɧɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɧɭɥɹ.
WNI= FN/FCI — ɧɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɧɭɥɹ ɞɥɹ ɢɧɜɟɪɫɧɨɝɨ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ ɑɟɛɵɲɟɜɚ.
9.1.1. ɇɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜ 2-ɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ
Ɏɢɥɶɬɪɵ ɧɢɡɤɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ ɢ ɮɚɡɨɜɵɟ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɵ (Low Pass and Delay)
Ȼɚɬɟɪɜɨɪɬɚ (Butterworth) |
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ɑɟɛɵɲɟɜɚ (Chebyshev) |
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ɗɥɥɢɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ (Elliptic) |
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ɂɧɜɟɪɫɧɵɣ ɑɟɛɵɲɟɜɚ (Inv. Chebyshev) F(U) |
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Ɏɢɥɶɬɪɵ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ (High Pass) |
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Ȼɚɬɟɪɜɨɪɬɚ (Butterworth) |
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ɑɟɛɵɲɟɜɚ (Chebyshev) |
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ɗɥɥɢɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ (Elliptic) |
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ɂɧɜɟɪɫɧɵɣ ɑɟɛɵɲɟɜɚ (Inv. Chebyshev) F(U) |
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9. ɋɢɧɬɟɡ ɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɢ ɩ ɫɫɢɜɧɵɯ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜ |
437 |
ɉɨɥɨɫɨɜɵɟ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɵ (Bandpass) |
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Ȼɚɬɟɪɜɨɪɬɚ (Butterworth) |
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ɂɧɜɟɪɫɧɵɣ ɑɟɛɵɲɟɜɚ (Inv. Chebyshev) |
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Ɂɚɝɪɚɠɞɚɸɳɢɟ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɵ (Notch) |
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ɂɧɜɟɪɫɧɵɣ ɑɟɛɵɲɟɜɚ (Inverse Chebyshev) F(U) |
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9.2. ɋɢɧɬɟɡ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜ
Ʉɨɦɚɧɞɚ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɩɭɧɤɬɚ ɦɟɧɸ Design.
Ɉɧɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɡɚɞɚɬɶ ɬɢɩ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ ɩɨ ɩɨɥɨɫɟ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɬɢɩɭ ɩɨɥɢɧɨɦɨɜ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɜ S-ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ, ɫɯɟɦɧɭɸ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɡɜɟɧɚ, ɡɚɬɟɦ ɧɚ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɬɶ ɫɯɟɦɭ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ.
438 |
ɉɪɨɝɪ ɦɦ ɫɯɟɦɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜ ɧɢɹ Micro-Cap. ȼɟɪɫɢɢ 9, 10 |
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɬɢɩɵ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜ:
xɎɇɑ (Low Pass)
xɎȼɑ (High Pass)
xɉɨɥɨɫɨɜɵɟ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɵ (Bandpass)
xɁɚɝɪɚɠɞɚɸɳɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɪɟɠɟɤɬɨɪɧɵɟ (Notch)
xɎɚɡɨɜɵɟ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɵ (ɜɫɟɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚɸɳɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɵ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɢ Delay), ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɭɸ Ɏɑɏ.
ɉɟɪɜɵɟ 4 ɜɢɞɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɨɣ Ȼɨɞɟ — ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɨɣ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ (ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɑɏ ɢ Ɏɑɏ). Ɏɚɡɨɜɵɟ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɵ (Delay) ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɟɦ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɢɥɢ ɮɚɡɨɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɨɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɨɣ.
ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜ:
xȼ ɜɢɞɟ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ Ȼɚɬɟɪɜɨɪɬɚ (Butterworth)
xȼ ɜɢɞɟ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ ɑɟɛɵɲɟɜɚ (Chebyshev)
xȼ ɜɢɞɟ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ Ȼɟɫɫɟɥɹ (Bessel)
xȼ ɜɢɞɟ ɷɥɥɢɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ (Elliptic)
xȼ ɜɢɞɟ ɢɧɜɟɪɫɧɨɝɨ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ ɑɟɛɵɲɟɜɚ (Inverse-Chebyshev)
Ⱦɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ (Ɏɇɑ, Ɏȼɑ, ɩɨɥɨɫɨɜɨɝɨ, ɪɟɠɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ, ɮɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ) ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵ ɧɟ ɜɫɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɣ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɞɥɹ ɩɨ- ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɮɚɡɨɜɵɯ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɮɢɥɶɬɪ Ȼɟɫɫɟɥɹ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɡɜɟɧɚ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɚ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɫɯɟɦɧɵɟ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ:
xɡɜɟɧɨ ɋɚɥɥɟɧɚ-Ʉɢ (Sallen-Key) — ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɨɟ ɡɜɟɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜ;
xɡɜɟɧɨ ɫ ɦɧɨɝɨɩɟɬɥɟɜɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɶɸ Multiple Feedback (MFB)
xɡɜɟɧɨ Ɍɨɭ-Ɍɨɦɚɫɚ (Tow-Thomas);
xɡɜɟɧɨ Ɏɥɟɣɲɟɪɚ-Ɍɨɭ (Fleischer-Tow);
xɡɜɟɧɨ Ʉɟɪɜɢɧɚ-ɏɶɸɥɫɦɚɧɚ-ɇɶɸɤɨɦɛɚ (KHN);
x ɡɜɟɧɨ ɤɤɟɪɛɟɪɝɚ-Ɇɨɫɫɛɟɪɝɚ (Acker-Mossberg);
xɡɜɟɧɨ Ɍɨɭ-Ɍɨɦɚɫɚ 2 (Tow-Thomas 2);
xɝɢɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɟ ɡɜɟɧɨ Dual Amplifier Band Pass (DABP).
Ⱦɥɹ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɬ ɧɟ ɜɫɟ ɢɡ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɯɟɦ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɡɜɟɧɶɹ ɧɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɜɢɞ ɩɨɥɢ- ɧɨɦɚ Aɑɏ ɜ S-ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ. Ⱦɨɫɬɭɩɧɵɣ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɫɯɟɦ – ɨɬ 3 ɞɨ 8.
9.2.1. Ɉɤɧɨ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɚ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜ.
ɋɢɧɬɟɡ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɦɟɧɸ Design. ȼɵɛɨɪ ɢɡ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɦɟɧɸ ɩɭɧɤɬɚ Active Filters ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɤɧɚ (ɪɢɫ. 9.1), ɢɦɟɸɳɟɝɨ 3 ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɤɢ, ɞɨɫɬɭɩ ɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɵɲɶɸ ɢɥɢ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɹ <TAB>: Design, Implementation, Options.
Design
ɗɬɚ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɤɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɬɢɩ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ (Ɏɇɑ, Ɏȼɑ…), ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ ɢ ɬɢɩ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ (Ȼɚɬɟɪɜɨɪɬɚ, ɑɟɛɵɲɟɜɚ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.). Ʉɚɠɞɵɣ ɪɚɡ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɛɨɪ ɜ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ, ɜ ɧɢɠɧɟɦ ɩɪɚɜɨɦ ɭɝɥɭ
9. ɋɢɧɬɟɡ ɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɢ ɩ ɫɫɢɜɧɵɯ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜ |
439 |
ɜɵɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɸɫɵ, ɧɭɥɢ ɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ Q-ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚ (ɞɨɛɪɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ). Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɞɝɨɧɤɢ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɨɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɟɞɚɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɭ ɩɨɥɸɫɚ F0, ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ Q0, ɢ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɭ ɧɭɥɹ FN.
Ɂɚɤɥɚɞɤɚ Design ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ 3 ɫɟɤɰɢɢ:
Type: ȼ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɟɤɰɢɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɨɞɢɧ ɢɡ 5 ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜ.
xLow pass (Ɏɇɑ — ɮɢɥɶɬɪ ɧɢɠɧɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ);
xHigh pass (Ɏȼɑ — ɮɢɥɶɬɪ ɜɟɪɯɧɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ);
xBandpass (ɉɨɥɨɫɨɜɨɣ ɮɢɥɶɬɪ);
xNotch (Ɂɚɝɪɚɠɞɚɸɳɢɣ ɮɢɥɶɬɪ);
xDelay (Ɏɢɥɶɬɪ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɢ).
Ɋɢɫ. 9.1. Ⱦɢɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɟ ɨɤɧɨ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɤɚ Design
Response: ȼ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɟɤɰɢɢ ȼɵ ɦɨɠɟɬɟ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɚɩɩɪɨɤɫɢ- ɦɚɰɢɸ ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ.
xButterworth (Ȼɚɬɟɪɜɨɪɬɚ);
xChebyshev (ɑɟɛɵɲɟɜɚ);
xBessel (Ȼɟɫɫɟɥɹ);
xElliptic (ɗɥɥɢɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ Ʉɚɭɷɪɚ);
xInverse-Chebyshev (ɂɧɜɟɪɫɧɨɝɨ ɑɟɛɵɲɟɜɚ).
Ɋɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɚɩɩɪɨɤɫɢɦɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɪɚɡɧɨɣ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɍɚɤ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɱɢɯ ɪɚɜɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɵ Ȼɚɬɟɪɜɨɪɬɚ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɡɜɟɧɶɟɜ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɰɢɢ, ɧɨ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɩɪɢɟɦɥɟɦɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɭɸ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɭ ɞɥɹ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɢ. Ɏɢɥɶɬ-
ɪɵ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɚɩɩɪɨɤɫɢɦɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɹɦɵɦ ɢ ɢɧɜɟɪɫɧɵɦ ɩɨɥɢɧɨɦɚɦɢ ɑɟɛɵɲɟɜɚ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬ ɦɟɧɶɲɟɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɨɜ, ɧɨ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɟɡɤɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɭɸ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɢ. ɗɥɥɢɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɚɩɩɪɨɤɫɢɦɚɰɢɢ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɡɜɟɧɶɟɜ, ɧɨ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɞɢɚ- ɩɚɡɨɧ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɢ. Ɏɇɑ Ȼɟɫɫɟɥɹ — ɷɬɨ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɵ ɫ ɦɚɤɫɢ-
440 |
ɉɪɨɝɪ ɦɦ ɫɯɟɦɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜ ɧɢɹ Micro-Cap. ȼɟɪɫɢɢ 9, 10 |
ɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɣ ɤɪɢɜɨɣ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɢ ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɨɧɢ ɩɨɞɯɨ- ɞɹɬ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɮɚɡɨɜɵɯ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜ.
Cɩɪɚɜɚ ɨɬ ɬɢɩɚ ɚɩɩɪɨɤɫɢɦɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɞɥɹ Ɏɇɑ ɢ Ɏȼɑ ɢɥɢ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɡɜɟɧɶɟɜ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɨɫɧɨ-ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɢ ɩɨɥɨɫɧɨ-ɡɚɝɪɚɠɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜ.
Specifications: ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ ɜɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬ- ɪɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ. ȿɫɬɶ ɞɜɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ: Mode 1 ɢ
Mode 2.
ȼ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ Mode 1 ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɧɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɑɏ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ, ɬɚ- ɤɢɟ ɤɚɤ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɫɟ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚɧɢɹ, ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɫɪɟɡɚ, ɨɫɥɚɛ- ɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɫɟ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ. ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɟɬ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɡɜɟɧɶɟɜ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ, ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɢɯ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɣ ɚɩ- ɩɪɨɤɫɢɦɚɰɢɢ.
Ɋɟɠɢɦ Mode 2 ɧɚɨɛɨɪɨɬ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɜɚɦ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɬɶ ɥɢɲɶ ɨɫ- ɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɢ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ. Ȼɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟ- ɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ ɧɢɠɟ ɩɪɢ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɢ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ.
Poles and Zeros: ɗɬɚ ɫɟɤɰɢɹ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɤɢ Design ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɸɫɨɜ, ɧɭɥɟɣ (ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɤɨɪɧɟɣ ɡɧɚɦɟɧɚɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɱɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɩɨɥɢɧɨɦɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ) ɢ ɞɨɛɪɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ Q0. Ɉɧɚ ɜ ɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɟɞ- ɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ. ȿɫɥɢ ɜɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɨ-
ɥɹ ɬɢɩɚ (Type), ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ (Response) ɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ (Specifications), ɬɨ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɡɚɧɨɜɨ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɥɢɧɨɦɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ ɢ ɨɛɧɨɜɥɹɟɬ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɟɤɰɢɢ. ȿɫɥɢ ɧɚɠɚɬɶ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ Bode, Step ɢɥɢ Impulse, ɜ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɲɟɦɫɹ ɨɤɧɟ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɧɚɪɢɫɨɜɚɧɵ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɧɨ-ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɚɹ, ɩɟɪɟ- ɯɨɞɧɚɹ ɢɥɢ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɧɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɢɞɟɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬ- ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɩɪɢ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɢ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ Bode, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɟɧ ɜɵɜɨɞ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢ- ɟɧɬɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ, ɮɚɡɵ ɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɨɣ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɢɥɢ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɷɬɢɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɜ ɡɚ- ɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ ɜ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɤɟ Options.
Ƚɪɚɮɢɤ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɞɟɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɨɣ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɨɧ ɜɵ- ɱɢɫɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɧɨɦɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɮɢɥɶɬ- ɪɚ, ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ F0, Q0, ɢ FN ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɞɚɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɗɬɨɬ ɝɪɚɮɢɤ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɜ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨ- ɧɟɧɬɨɜ (ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɩɚɫɫɢɜɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɫ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨ ɬɨɱɧɵɦɢ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɚɦɢ). Ɋɟɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɮɢɥɶɬɪ, ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɢɡ ɪɟ- ɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ, ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɟɫɬɢ ɫɟɛɹ ɩɨ-ɞɪɭɝɨɦɭ. Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɡɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɢ ɩɨɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ, ɧɚɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɨɧɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦ. Ɋɟɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɵ- ɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɥɸɛɨɦ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɟ ɢɡ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɢ Micro-Cap — ɨɬ ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ Ɉɍ ɞɨ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɢɡ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɢɤɪɨɫɯɟɦ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɟ Micro-Cap. Ɋɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɵ ɢ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɤ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɦ, ɜɵ- ɛɪɚɧɧɵɟ ɢɡ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɹɞɚ. Ɋɟɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɢ ɢ ɤɨɦɩɨ- ɧɟɧɬɵ, ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɛɟɪɟɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɹɞɚ, ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɢɡɦɟ- ɧɹɬɶ ɯɨɞ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɨɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ, ɜɩɥɨɬɶ ɞɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɬɢɩɚ ɩɨɥɢɧɨɦɚ.
Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɪɟɞɚɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ (F0, Q0, FN), ɱɬɨɛɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɯ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɯɨɞ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚ. ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɞɚɠɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ ɫ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨ- ɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚɦɢ. ɏɨɬɹ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɟ ɭɞɚɫɬɫɹ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯ