Микросхемотехника / amelina_m_a_amelin_s_a_programma_shemotehnicheskogo_modeliro
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11. Ɇɨɞɟɥɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɯ ɩ ɪ ɦɟɬɪɨɜ |
481 |
11.2.Ⱦɢɨɞ ɢ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɬɪɨɧ
11.2.1.Ɇɨɞɟɥɶ ɞɢɨɞɚ (Diode) ɢ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɬɪɨɧɚ (Zener)
Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ SPICE
D<ɢɦɹ> <ɚɧɨɞ> <ɤɚɬɨɞ> <ɢɦɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ> [area] [OFF] [IC=<ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɞɢɨɞɟ>]
ɉɪɢɦɟɪ:
D1 7 8 1N914 1.0 OFF IC=.001
Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ ɫɯɟɦ Micro-Cap x ɬɪɢɛɭɬ PART <ɢɦɹ>
ɉɪɢɦɟɪ: D1
xɬɪɢɛɭɬ VALUE [area] [OFF] [IC=<Vd>]
ɉɪɢɦɟɪ:
10.0OFF IC=0.65
xɬɪɢɛɭɬ MODEL <ɢɦɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ>
ɉɪɢɦɟɪ: |
Ɋɢɫ. 11.4. Ⱦɢɨɞɵ, ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɬɪɨɧɵ, |
1N914 |
ɞɢɨɞɵ ɒɨɬɤɢ |
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ɇɚ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɵɣ ɦɧɨɠɢɬɟɥɶ [area] ɭɦɧɨɠɚɸɬɫɹ ɢɥɢ ɞɟɥɹɬɫɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ, ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɜ ɬɚɛɥ. 11.3. ɇɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ OFF ɩɪɢɜɨ- ɞɢɬ ɤ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɸ ɞɢɨɞɚ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɢɬɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɩɨ ɩɨ- ɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɦɭ ɬɨɤɭ. ɇɟɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟ [IC=<Vd>] ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɞɢɨɞɟ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɟ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫ- ɫɨɜ, ɟɫɥɢ ɮɥɚɠɨɤ Operating Point ɫɛɪɨɲɟɧ.
Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɣ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɞɢɨɞɚ:
.MODEL <ɢɦɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ> D ([ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ]).
ɉɪɢɦɟɪ:
.MODEL 1N4434 D (IS=1E-16 RS=0.55 TT=5N)
11.2.2. ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɞɢɨɞɚ
Ɇɨɞɟɥɶ ɞɢɨɞɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɭɸ PSPICE-ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɫ ɞɨɛɚ- ɜɨɱɧɵɦ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɦ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ, ɩɨɞɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɦ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨ, ɭɱɢɬɵ- ɜɚɸɳɢɦ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɭɬɟɱɤɢ (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ. 11.4).
Ɍ ɚ ɛ ɥ ɢ ɰ ɚ 1 1 . 3 . ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɞɢɨɞɚ
Ɉɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ |
ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ |
Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɩɨ ɭɦɨɥɱɚɧɢɸ |
ȿɞɢɧɢɰɚ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ |
AREA |
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Ɍɢɩ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ: 1 — SPICE2G, 2 — PSPICE |
1 |
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IS |
Ɍɨɤ ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ 27°ɋ |
10–14 |
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N |
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɷɦɢɫɫɢɢ (ɧɟɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ) |
1 |
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ISR |
ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪ ɬɨɤɚ ɪɟɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɢ |
0 |
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ɉɪɨɝɪ ɦɦ ɫɯɟɦɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜ ɧɢɹ Micro-Cap. ȼɟɪɫɢɢ 9, 10 |
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Ɉɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɟ ɬɚɛɥ. 11.3 |
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Ɉɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ |
ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ |
Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɩɨ ɭɦɨɥɱɚɧɢɸ |
ȿɞɢɧɢɰɚ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ |
AREA |
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NR |
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɷɦɢɫɫɢɢ (ɧɟɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ)ɞɥɹ ɬɨɤɚ ISR |
2 |
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IKF |
ɉɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɬɨɤ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɢɧɠɟɤɰɢɢ |
f |
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BV |
Ɉɛɪɚɬɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɛɨɹ (ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɜɟ- |
f |
ȼ |
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ɥɢɱɢɧɚ) |
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IBV |
ɇɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɬɨɤ ɩɪɨɛɨɹ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟ- |
10-10 |
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ɧɢɸ BV (ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ) |
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NBV |
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɧɟɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ ɩɪɨɛɨɹ |
1 |
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IBVL |
ɇɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɬɨɤ ɩɪɨɛɨɹ ɧɢɡɤɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ |
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NBVL |
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ |
ɧɟɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ |
ɧɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɤɟ |
ɩɪɨɛɨɹ |
1 |
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ɧɢɡɤɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ |
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RS |
Ɉɛɴɟɦɧɨɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ |
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Ɉɦ e |
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TT |
ȼɪɟɦɹ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɚ ɡɚɪɹɞɚ |
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0 |
ɫ |
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CJO |
Ȼɚɪɶɟɪɧɚɹ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɧɭɥɟɜɨɦ ɫɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ |
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0 |
Ɏ |
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VJ |
Ʉɨɧɬɚɤɬɧɚɹ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɨɜ |
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1 |
ȼ |
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M |
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɥɚɜɧɨɫɬɢ p-n ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ (1/2 — ɞɥɹ |
0.5 |
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ɪɟɡɤɨɝɨ, 1/3 — ɩɥɚɜɧɨɝɨ) |
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FC |
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ |
ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɫɬɢ |
ɛɚɪɶɟɪɧɨɣ |
ɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ |
0.5 |
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ɩɪɹɦɨɫɦɟɳɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ |
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EG |
ɒɢɪɢɧɚ ɡɚɩɪɟɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ |
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1.11 |
ɷȼ |
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XTI |
Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ |
ɷɤɫɩɨɧɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ |
3 |
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ɬɨɤɚ ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɢɹ IS |
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TIKF |
Ʌɢɧɟɣɧɵɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ IKF |
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0 |
qC-1 |
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TBV1 |
Ʌɢɧɟɣɧɵɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ BV |
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0 |
qC-1 |
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TBV2 |
Ʉɜɚɞɪɚɬɢɱɧɵɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ BV |
0 |
qC-2 |
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TRS1 |
Ʌɢɧɟɣɧɵɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ RS |
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0 |
qC-1 |
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TRS2 |
Ʉɜɚɞɪɚɬɢɱɧɵɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ RS |
0 |
qC-2 |
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KF |
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɮɥɢɤɤɟɪ-ɲɭɦɚ |
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0 |
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AF |
ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ ɮɥɢɤɤɟɪ-ɲɭɦɚ |
1 |
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RL |
ɋɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɭɬɟɱɤɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ |
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f |
Ɉɦ |
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T_MEA- |
Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ |
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qC |
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SURED |
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T_ABS |
ɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɚɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ |
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qC |
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T_REL_ |
Ɉɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ |
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qC |
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GLOBAL |
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T_REL_ |
Ɋɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ |
ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɨɣ ɞɢɨɞɚ ɢ |
ɦɨɞɟɥɢ- |
— |
qC |
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LOCAL |
ɩɪɨɬɨɬɢɩɚ AKO |
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11. Ɇɨɞɟɥɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɯ ɩ ɪ ɦɟɬɪɨɜ |
483 |
Ɋɢɫ. 11.5. ɗɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɞɢɨɞɚ
11.2.3. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɞɢɨɞɚ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ
Ɇɨɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ IS, ISR, IKF, IBV, IBVL, ɢ CJO ɭɦɧɨɠɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ [area] ɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪ RS ɞɟɥɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ [area] ɩɟɪɟɞ ɢɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹɯ ɞɢɨɞɚ, ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɢɠɟ.
T — ɷɬɨ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ, ɚ TNOM — ɷɬɨ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ, ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ. Ɉɛɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɢɡɦɟɪɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɝɪɚɞɭɫɚɯ Ʉɟɥɶɜɢɧɚ. Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ T ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜ- ɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɦ ɨɤɧɟ Analysis Limits ɞɥɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ ɚɧɚ- ɥɢɡɚ. TNOM ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚɦɢ Global Settings ɜ ɩɨɡɢ- ɰɢɢ TNOM. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ TNOM ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɚ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɧ- ɤɪɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɵ .OPTIONS. Ɍɚɤɠɟ T ɢ TNOM ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɟɦ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɩɚ-
ɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ T_MEASURED, T_ABS, T_REL_GLOBAL, ɢ T_REL_LOCAL
(ɫɦ. 4.9, ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɵ .MODEL).
Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɵ ɞɢɨɞɚ
VT |
k T |
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1.38 10 23 |
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q |
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1.602 10 |
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VT N |
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IS(T) IS e© |
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Tnom |
VT NR |
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NR |
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ISR(T) |
Isr e© |
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© Tnom ¹ |
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IKF(T) = IKF (1+TIKF (T – Tnom)) |
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BV(T) = BV (1+TBV1 (T-Tnom)+TBV2 (T–Tnom)2); |
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RS(T) =RS (1+TRS1 (T-Tnom)+TRS2 (T–Tnom)2); |
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VJ(T) |
VJ |
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EG(T) , |
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Tnom |
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© Tnom ¹ |
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Tnom |
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ɝɞɟ EG(T) |
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0.000702 T 2 |
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Tnom |
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1.17 |
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1.17 |
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1108 |
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Tnom |
1108 |
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11. Ɇɨɞɟɥɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɯ ɩ ɪ ɦɟɬɪɨɜ |
485 |
11.2.4.ɇɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɞɢɨɞɚ
Ɍɚ ɛ ɥ ɢ ɰ ɚ 1 1 . 4 . ɗɤɪɚɧɵ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ MODEL ɞɥɹ ɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ
ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɞɢɨɞɚ
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ɉɪɹɦɚɹ ɜɟɬɜɶ ɜɨɥɶɬɚɦɩɟɪɧɨɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ If vs. Vf |
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ȼɯɨɞɧɵɟ |
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Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ If, Vf (ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɢ |
ɞɚɧɧɵɟ |
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ɦɚɥɵɯ ɬɨɤɨɜ) |
Ɉɰɟɧɢɜɚɟɦɵɟ |
IS, N, RS |
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ɍɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ |
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Vf |
VT ln¨ |
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If RS |
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Ʉɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɢ |
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Ⱦɚɧɧɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɦɚɥɵɯ ɬɨɤɨɜ ɞɢɨɞɚ If |
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚ- |
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ɦɟɬɪɨɜ IS, N, ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɬɨɤɨɜ — ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ RS |
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Ȼɚɪɶɟɪɧɚɹ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ |
Cj vs. Vr |
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ȼɯɨɞɧɵɟ |
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Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ Cj, Vr |
(ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɛɚɪɶɟɪɧɨɣ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ |
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ɞɚɧɧɵɟ |
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ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɞɢɨɞɟ) |
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Ɉɰɟɧɢɜɚɟɦɵɟ |
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CJO, M, VJ, FC |
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Ȼɚɪɶɟɪɧɚɹ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ |
Cj vs. Vr |
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Vr ·M |
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VJ ¹ |
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Ʉɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɢ |
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ɇɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ Vr ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ. ɉɚ- |
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ɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ EG, XTI ɧɚɡɧɚɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɭɦɨɥɱɚɧɢɸ |
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Ɉɛɪɚɬɧɚɹ ɜɟɬɜɶ ɜɨɥɶɬɚɦɩɟɪɧɨɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ Id vs Vrev |
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ȼɯɨɞɧɵɟ |
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Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ Irev, Vrev (ɨɛɪɚɬɧɚɹ ȼ ɏ ɞɢɨɞɚ) |
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ɞɚɧɧɵɟ |
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Ɉɰɟɧɢɜɚɟɦɵɟ |
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RL |
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ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ |
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ɍɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ |
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Irev |
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Vrev |
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RL |
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ɋɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ RL ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɭɟɬ ɭɬɟɱɤɭ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɨɝɨ ɞɢɨɞɚ, ɧɚɩɪɹ- |
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Ʉɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɢ |
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ɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɛɨɹ BV ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɭɦɨɥɱɚɧɢɸ (ɨɧɨ ɪɟɞɚɤɬɢ- |
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ɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɦ) ɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɨɤ ɩɪɨɛɨɹ ɧɚ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚɯ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ- |
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ɫɹ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ |
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Ɋɚɫɫɚɫɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɡɚɪɹɞɚ Trr vs. Ir/If ratio |
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ȼɯɨɞɧɵɟ |
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Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ Trr, Ir/If |
(ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɪɚɫɫɚɫɵɜɚɧɢɹ |
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ɞɚɧɧɵɟ |
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ɨɬ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɹɦɨɝɨ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɨɜ ɞɢɨɞɚ) |
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Ɉɰɟɧɢɜɚɟɦɵɟ |
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ɌɌ |
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Trr |
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TT log¨1 |
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Ir ¹ |
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ɋɪɟɞɧɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɪɨɥɟɬɚ ɌɌ ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ |
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ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɪɚɫɫɚɫɵɜɚɧɢɹ Trr ɨɬ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɩɪɹɦɨɝɨ |
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ɬɨɤɚ Ir/lf, ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɨɧɨ ɢɡɦɟɪɹɥɨɫɶ |
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Q1 
Q2
11. Ɇɨɞɟɥɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɯ ɩ ɪ ɦɟɬɪɨɜ |
487 |
Ɋɢɫ. 11.7. Ɇɨɞɟɥɶ ɛɢɩɨɥɹɪɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ
11.3.2.ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɛɢɩɨɥɹɪɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ
Ɍɚ ɛ ɥ ɢ ɰ ɚ 1 1 . 5 . ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɛɢɩɨɥɹɪɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ
Ɉɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ |
ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ |
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Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɭɦɨɥɱɚɧɢɸ |
ȿɞɢɧɢɰɚ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ |
AREA |
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LEVEL |
Ɍɢɩ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ (1 – ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ Ƚɭɦɦɟɥɹ-ɉɭɧɚ) |
1 |
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IS |
Ɍɨɤ ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ 27°ɋ |
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1E-16 |
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BF |
Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɨɤɚ ɜ ɧɨɪ- |
100 |
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ɦɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɜ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɫ Ɉɗ |
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NF |
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɷɦɢɫɫɢɢ (ɧɟɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ) |
ɞɥɹ ɧɨɪ- |
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ɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ |
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VAF |
ɇɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɗɪɥɢ ɜ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ |
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IKF* |
Ɍɨɤ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɫɩɚɞɚ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ BF oɬ ɬɨɤɚ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨ- |
f |
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ɪɚ ɜ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ |
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ISE* |
Ɍɨɤ ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɢɹ ɭɬɟɱɤɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɛɚɡɚ-ɷɦɢɬɬɟɪ |
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NE* |
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɷɦɢɫɫɢɢ ɬɨɤɚ ɭɬɟɱɤɢ ɷɦɢɬɬɟɪɧɨɝɨ |
ɩɟ- |
1.5 |
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BR |
Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ |
ɬɨɤɚ ɜ ɢɧ- |
1 |
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ɜɟɪɫɧɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɜ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɫ Ɉɗ |
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NR |
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɷɦɢɫɫɢɢ (ɧɟɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ) |
ɞɥɹ |
ɢɧ- |
1 |
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VAR* |
ɇɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɗɪɥɢ ɜ ɢɧɜɟɪɫɧɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ |
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f |
ȼ |
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IKR* |
Ɍɨɤ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɫɩɚɞɚ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ BR ɨɬ ɬɨɤɚ ɷɦɢɬɬɟɪɚ |
f |
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ɜ ɢɧɜɟɪɫɧɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ |
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ICS* |
Ɍɨɤ ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɢɹ ɭɬɟɱɤɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɛɚɡɚ-ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪ |
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A |
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NC* |
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɷɦɢɫɫɢɢ ɬɨɤɚ ɭɬɟɱɤɢ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ |
2 |
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ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ |
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488 |
ɉɪɨɝɪ ɦɦ ɫɯɟɦɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜ ɧɢɹ Micro-Cap. ȼɟɪɫɢɢ 9, 10 |
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ɉɪɨɞɨɥɠɟɧɢɟ ɬɚɛɥ. 11.5 |
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Ɉɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ |
ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ |
Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɩɨ ɭɦɨɥɱɚɧɢɸ |
ȿɞɢɧɢɰɚ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ |
AREA |
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NK |
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɝɢɛɚ ɩɪɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɬɨɤɚɯ |
0.5 |
— |
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ISS |
Ɍɨɤ ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɢɹ p-n ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɩɨɞɥɨɠɤɢ |
0 |
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NS |
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɷɦɢɫɫɢɢ ɬɨɤɚ p-n-ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɩɨɞɥɨɠɤɢ |
1 |
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RC |
Ɉɛɴɟɦɧɨɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɚ |
0 |
Ɉɦ |
e |
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RE |
Ɉɛɴɟɦɧɨɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɷɦɢɬɬɟɪɚ |
0 |
Ɉɦ |
e |
|
RB |
Ɉɛɴɟɦɧɨɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɛɚɡɵ (ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ) ɩɪɢ |
0 |
Ɉɦ |
e |
|
ɧɭɥɟɜɨɦ ɫɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɛɚɡɚ-ɷɦɢɬɬɟɪ |
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IRB* |
Ɍɨɤ ɛɚɡɵ, ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɛɚɡɵ ɭɦɟɧɶ- |
f |
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ɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ 50% ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɩɚɞɚ ɦɟɠɞɭ RB ɢ RBM |
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RBM* |
Ɇɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɛɚɡɵ ɩɪɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ |
RB |
Ɉɦ |
e |
|
ɬɨɤɚɯ |
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TF |
ȼɪɟɦɹ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɚ ɡɚɪɹɞɚ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɛɚɡɭ ɜ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɦ |
0 |
ɫ |
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ɪɟɠɢɦɟ |
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TR |
ȼɪɟɦɹ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɚ ɡɚɪɹɞɚ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɛɚɡɭ ɜ ɢɧɜɟɪɫɧɨɦ ɪɟ- |
0 |
ɫ |
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ɠɢɦɟ |
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XCJC |
Ⱦɨɥɹ ɛɚɪɶɟɪɧɨɣ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɢ, ɨɬɧɨɫɹɳɚɹɫɹ ɤ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣ |
1 |
— |
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ɛɚɡɟ |
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MJC |
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ, ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɩɥɚɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪ- |
0.33 |
— |
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ɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ |
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VJC |
Ʉɨɧɬɚɤɬɧɚɹ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɨɜ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɛɚɡɚ- |
0.75 |
ȼ |
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ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪ |
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CJC |
ȿɦɤɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɩɪɢ ɧɭɥɟɜɨɦ ɫɦɟ- |
0 |
Ɏ |
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ɳɟɧɢɢ |
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MJE |
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ, ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɩɥɚɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɦɢɬɬɟɪɧɨɝɨ |
0.33 |
— |
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ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ |
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VJE |
Ʉɨɧɬɚɤɬɧɚɹ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɨɜ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɛɚɡɚ- |
0.75 |
ȼ |
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ɷɦɢɬɬɟɪ |
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CJE |
ȿɦɤɨɫɬɶ ɷɦɢɬɬɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɩɪɢ ɧɭɥɟɜɨɦ ɫɦɟɳɟ- |
0 |
ɩɎ |
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ɧɢɢ |
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MJS |
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ, ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɩɥɚɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ |
0 |
— |
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ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪ-ɩɨɞɥɨɠɤɚ |
|
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VJS |
Ʉɨɧɬɚɤɬɧɚɹ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɨɜ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɤɨɥɥɟɤ- |
0.75 |
ȼ |
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ɬɨɪ-ɩɨɞɥɨɠɤɚ |
|
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CJS |
ȿɦɤɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪ-ɩɨɞɥɨɠɤɚ ɩɪɢ ɧɭɥɟɜɨɦ |
0 |
Ɏ |
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ɫɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ |
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VTF |
ɇɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɟɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ TF ɨɬ |
f |
ȼ |
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ɫɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɛɚɡɚ-ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪ |
|
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ITF |
Ɍɨɤ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɢɣ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɌF ɨɬ ɬɨɤɚ ɤɨɥ- |
0 |
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ɥɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɩɪɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɬɨɤɚɯ |
|
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XTF |
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ TF ɨɬ |
0 |
— |
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ɫɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɛɚɡɚ-ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪ |
|
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11. Ɇɨɞɟɥɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɯ ɩ ɪ ɦɟɬɪɨɜ |
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489 |
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Ɉɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɟ ɬɚɛɥ. 11.5 |
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Ɉɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ |
|
ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ |
Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɩɨ ɭɦɨɥɱɚɧɢɸ |
ȿɞɢɧɢɰɚ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ |
AREA |
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Ⱦɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɮɚɡɨɜɵɣ ɫɞɜɢɝ ɧɚ ɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɨɣ ɱɚɫ- |
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PTF |
ɬɨɬɟ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ |
fɝɪ |
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1 |
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0 |
ɝɪɚɞ. |
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2 TF |
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XTB |
Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ BF ɢ ȼR |
0 |
— |
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EG |
ɒɢɪɢɧɚ ɡɚɩɪɟɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɡɨɧɵ |
1.11 |
ɷȼ |
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XTI |
Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ |
ɷɤɫɩɨɧɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ |
3 |
— |
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ɞɥɹ ɬɨɤɚ IS |
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KF |
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɩɥɨɬ- |
0 |
— |
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ɧɨɫɬɶ ɮɥɢɤɤɟɪ-ɲɭɦɚ |
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ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ |
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AF |
ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɮɥɢɤɤɟɪ-ɲɭɦɚ ɨɬ ɬɨɤɚ ɱɟ- |
1 |
— |
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ɪɟɡ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ |
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FC |
Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɫɬɢ ɛɚɪɶɟɪɧɵɯ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɟɣ |
0.5 |
— |
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ɩɪɹɦɨɫɦɟɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɨɜ |
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T_MEA- |
Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ |
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°ɋ |
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SURED |
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T_ABS |
ɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɚɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ |
|
°ɋ |
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T_REL_ |
Ɉɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ |
|
°C |
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GLOBAL |
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T_REL_ |
Ɋɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɨɣ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ ɢ ɦɨɞɟ- |
|
°C |
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LOCAL |
ɥɢ-ɩɪɨɬɨɬɢɩɚ AKO |
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TRE1 |
Ʌɢɧɟɣɧɵɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ RE |
0 |
qC-1 |
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TRE2 |
Ʉɜɚɞɪɚɬɢɱɧɵɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ Rȿ |
0 |
qC-2 |
|
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TRB1 |
Ʌɢɧɟɣɧɵɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ Rȼ |
0 |
qC-1 |
|
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TRB2 |
Ʉɜɚɞɪɚɬɢɱɧɵɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ RB |
0 |
qC-2 |
|
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TRM1 |
Ʌɢɧɟɣɧɵɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ RȼɆ |
0 |
qC-1 |
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TRM2 |
Ʉɜɚɞɪɚɬɢɱɧɵɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ RȼɆ |
0 |
qC-2 |
|
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TRC1 |
Ʌɢɧɟɣɧɵɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ Rɋ |
0 |
qC-1 |
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TRC2 |
Ʉɜɚɞɪɚɬɢɱɧɵɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ Rɋ |
0 |
qC-2 |
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* Ⱦɥɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ Ƚɭɦɦɟɥɹ-ɉɭɧɚ (Level=1) |
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11.3.3. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɛɢɩɨɥɹɪɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ ɜ MC9,10
ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ IS, IKF, ISE, IKR, ISC, ISS, IRB, CJC, CJE, CJS, ɢ ITF ɭɦɧɨɠɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ [area], ɚ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ RC, RE, RB, RBM ɞɟɥɹɬɫɹ ɧɚ [area] ɩɟɪɟɞ ɩɨɞɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɨɣ ɜ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ, ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɢɠɟ.
T — ɷɬɨ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ, ɚ TNOM — ɷɬɨ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ, ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ. Ɉɛɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɢɡɦɟɪɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ Ʉɟɥɶɜɢɧɚɯ. Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ, ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ T ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ
490 |
ɉɪɨɝɪ ɦɦ ɫɯɟɦɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜ ɧɢɹ Micro-Cap. ȼɟɪɫɢɢ 9, 10 |
ɜ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɦ ɨɤɧɟ Analysis Limits ɞɥɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ. TNOM ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚɦɢ Global Settings ɜ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ TNOM. ɍɫ-
ɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ TNOM ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɚ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɵ .OPTIONS. Ɍɚɤɠɟ T ɢ TNOM ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɟɦ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɦɨɞɟ-
ɥɢ T_MEASURED, T_ABS, T_REL_GLOBAL, ɢ T_REL_LOCAL (ɫɦ. ɪɚɡɞɟɥ 4.9,
ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɵ .MODEL).
ɍɡɟɥ ɩɨɞɥɨɠɤɢ (substrate) ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɢ ɟɫɥɢ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧ, ɬɨ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɤ ɨɛɳɟɦɭ ɜɵɜɨɞɭ (ground). ȿɫɥɢ ɭɡɟɥ ɩɨɞɥɨɠɤɢ ɫɩɟ- ɰɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧ, ɨɧ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧ ɜ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɧɵɟ ɫɤɨɛɤɢ.
Ɇɨɞɟɥɢ ɬɢɩɨɜ NPN ɢ PNP ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪ- ɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ, LPNP — ɞɥɹ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ (ɛɨɤɨɜɵɯ, ɩɥɚɧɚɪɧɵɯ) PNP ɫɬɪɭɤ- ɬɭɪ. ɂɡɨɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ ɞɢɨɞ DJ ɢ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪ CJ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɸɬ ɭɡɟɥ ɩɨɞɥɨɠɤɢ ɫ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣ ɬɨɱɤɨɣ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɞɥɹ NPN ɢ PNP ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ, ɢ ɭɡɟɥ ɩɨɞɥɨɠɤɢ ɫ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣ ɬɨɱɤɨɣ ɛɚɡɵ — ɞɥɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɬɢɩɚ LPNP.
ɉɪɢ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɧɨɜɵɯ 4-ɯɜɵɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɛɢɩɨɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɨɜ ɜ ɛɢɛɥɢɨ- ɬɟɤɭ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ ɬɢɩɵ NPN4, PNP4 ɞɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɢɩɚ ɦɨ- ɞɟɥɢ.
Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ ɫ ɬɢɩɨɦ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ PNP4 ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧ ɜ ɫɯɟɦɭ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ LPNP ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ. ȿɫɥɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɚ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯ- ɯɜɵɜɨɞɧɚɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ, ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɬɶ LPNP ɧɚ PNP.
Ɍɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ VT=k T/q
VBE — ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɦɢ ɭɡɥɚɦɢ ɛɚɡɵ ɢ ɷɦɢɬɬɟɪɚ VBC — ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɦɢ ɭɡɥɚɦɢ ɛɚɡɵ ɢ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɚ VCS — ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɦ ɭɡɥɨɦ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɚ ɢ ɩɨɞɥɨɠɤɨɣ
ȼ ɧɢɠɟɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹɯ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ X(T) ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ- ɧɭɸ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚ X.
Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɵ BJT
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