Микросхемотехника / amelina_m_a_amelin_s_a_programma_shemotehnicheskogo_modeliro
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ɉɪɨɝɪ ɦɦ ɫɯɟɦɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜ ɧɢɹ Micro-Cap. ȼɟɪɫɢɢ 9, 10 |
ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɞɥɹ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜ ɜɟɪɯɧɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ
Ɏɢɥɶɬɪɵ ɜɟɪɯɧɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɬɢɩɨɜɵɦ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɚɦ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚɦ ɧɢɠɧɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ ɢ ɢɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɢɪɭɟɬ ɪɢɫ. 9.10.
xPassband Gain (ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɫɟ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚɧɢɹ). ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜ- ɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɧɚ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚɯ, ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɜ ɞȻ.
xPassband Ripple R (ɩɭɥɶɫɚɰɢɢ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ). ɗɬɨ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɩɨɥɨɫɵ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚɧɢɹ.
xStopband Attenuation A (ɨɫɥɚɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɫɟ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ) — ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜ-
ɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɫɟ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚɧɢɹ ɦɢɧɭɫ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɫɟ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ, ɜɵɪɚ- ɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɜ ɞȻ. Ɉɫɥɚɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɱɢɫɥɨɦ.
xPassband Frequency Fc (ɜɟɪɯɧɹɹ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɫɵ ɢɥɢ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɫɪɟɡɚ) — ɜɵɲɟ ɷɬɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɪɚɜɟɧ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɭ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɫɟ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚɧɢɹ rɩɭɥɶɫɚɰɢɢ:
~K(jZ)~[ɞȻ] = (PB gainrR), ɞɥɹ F Fc.
Ɋɢɫ. 9.10. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜ ɜɟɪɯɧɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ (Ɏȼɑ)
xStopband Frequency Fs (ɧɢɠɧɹɹ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɫɵ). ɇɢɠɟ ɷɬɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɜɟɧ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɭ ɩɟɪɟ- ɞɚɱɢ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɫɟ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚɧɢɹ ɩɥɸɫ-ɦɢɧɭɫ ɩɭɥɶɫɚɰɢɢ, ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɚ ɨɫ- ɥɚɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɫɟ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ (stoppband attenuation):
~K(jZ)~[ɞȻ] PB gainrR–A, ɞɥɹ F Fs.
ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɨɫɨɜɵɯ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜ
ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɩɨɥɨɫɨɜɵɯ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜ (Bandpass Filters) ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɢɪɭɟɬ ɪɢɫ. 9.11. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɩɨɥɨɫɨɜɨɝɨ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ:
xPassband Gain (ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɫɟ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚɧɢɹ) — ɩɪɟɞ- ɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟ- ɥɚɯ ɩɨɥɨɫɵ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚɧɢɹ, ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɜ ɞȻ.
xPassband Ripple R (ɩɭɥɶɫɚɰɢɢ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɫɟ ɩɪɨɩɭɫ- ɤɚɧɢɹ) — ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɩɨɥɨɫɵ ɩɪɨɩɭɫ- ɤɚɧɢɹ, ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɟ ɜ ɞɟɰɢɛɟɥɚɯ.
xStopband Attenuation A (ɨɫɥɚɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɫɟ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ) — ɷɬɨ ɦɚɤɫɢ- ɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɫɟ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚɧɢɹ ɦɢɧɭɫ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶ- ɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɫɟ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ. Ɉɫɥɚɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɹɜ- ɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɱɢɫɥɨɦ.
xCenter Frequency Fc (ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ) — ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɩɨɥɨ- ɫɵ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚɧɢɹ.
9. ɋɢɧɬɟɡ ɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɢ ɩ ɫɫɢɜɧɵɯ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜ |
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Ɋɢɫ. 9.11. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɩɨɥɨɫɨɜɨɝɨ (Bandpass) ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ
xPassband PB (ɩɨɥɨɫɚ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚɧɢɹ) — ɩɨɥɨɫɚ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢ- ɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ ɪɚɜɟɧ passband gain ɩɥɸɫ-ɦɢɧɭɫ ɩɭɥɶɫɚɰɢɢ:
~K(jZ)~[ɞȻ]=PB gainrR.
xStopband SB (ɝɪɚɧɢɰɵ ɩɨɥɨɫɵ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ) — ɷɬɨ ɩɨɥɨɫɚ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ, ɜɤɥɸ- ɱɚɸɳɚɹ ɩɨɥɨɫɭ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚɧɢɹ PB ɢ ɞɜɟ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɜɵɲɟ ɢ ɧɢɠɟ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɢ ɧɢɠɧɟɣ ɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ ɩɨɥɨɫɵ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚɧɢɹ. Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɷɬɨɬ ɞɢɚ- ɩɚɡɨɧ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟ- ɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɱɟɦ passband gain ɩɥɸɫ-ɦɢɧɭɫ ɩɭɥɶɫɚɰɢɢ ɡɚ ɜɵ-
ɱɟɬɨɦ ɨɫɥɚɛɥɟɧɢɹ:
~K(jZ)~[ɞȻ] PB gainrR–A.
ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɝɪɚɠɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜ
ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɡɚɝɪɚɠɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜ (Notch Filters) ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɢɪɭɟɬ ɪɢɫ. 9.12.
Ɋɢɫ. 9.12. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɡɚɝɪɚɠɞɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɡɚɝɪɚɠɞɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ:
xPassband Gain (ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɫɚɯ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚɧɢɹ) — ɩɪɟɞ- ɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɟ- ɥɚɦɢ ɩɨɥɨɫɵ PB, ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɜ ɞȻ.
xPassband Ripple R (ɩɭɥɶɫɚɰɢɢ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɫɚɯ ɩɪɨɩɭɫ- ɤɚɧɢɹ) — ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɦɢ ɩɨɥɨɫɵ PB, ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɟ ɜ ɞɟɰɢɛɟɥɚɯ.
xStopband Attenuation A (ɨɫɥɚɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɫɟ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ) — ɷɬɨ ɦɚɤɫɢ- ɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɜɧɟ ɩɨɥɨɫɵ PB ɦɢɧɭɫ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɫɟ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ SB. Ɉɫɥɚɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɨɠɢ- ɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɱɢɫɥɨɦ.
xCenter Frequency Fc (ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ) — ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɩɨɥɨ- ɫɵ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ Stopband.
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ɉɪɨɝɪ ɦɦ ɫɯɟɦɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜ ɧɢɹ Micro-Cap. ȼɟɪɫɢɢ 9, 10 |
xPassband PB — ɩɨɥɨɫɚ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɩɨɥɨɫɭ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ Stopband SB ɩɥɸɫ 2 ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɜɵɲɟ ɢ ɧɢɠɟ ɝɪɚɧɢɰ ɩɨɥɨɫɵ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ.
xStopband SB (ɩɨɥɨɫɚ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ) — ɷɬɨ ɩɨɥɨɫɚ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɤɨɷɮ- ɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɱɟɦ (Passband Gain–ArR).
ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɬɢɩɨɜ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜ (ɧɢɠɧɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ, ɜɟɪɯɧɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ, ɩɨɥɨɫɨɜɵɯ, ɡɚɝɪɚɠɞɚɸɳɢɯ) ɩɪɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɷɥɥɢɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜ ɢ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜ ɑɟɛɵɲɟɜɚ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɫɟ ɩɪɨɩɭɫ- ɤɚɧɢɹ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɪɚɜɟɧ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɭ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɧɚ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɦ ɬɨɤɟ ɧɢɡɤɨɱɚɫɬɨɬ- ɧɨɝɨ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ-ɩɪɨɬɨɬɢɩɚ. ɇɚ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɟ ɠɟ ɩɨɥɨɫɵ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɣ ɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɡɧɚɱɟ- ɧɢɹ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ (ɱɟɬɧɨɫɬɢ-ɧɟɱɟɬɧɨɫɬɢ) ɞɥɹ Ɏɇɑ, Ɏȼɑ ɢ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɡɜɟɧɶɟɜ ɞɥɹ Ɏɉɉ ɢ ɎɉɁ. Ⱦɥɹ ɱɟɬɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɧɚ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɟ ɩɨɥɨ- ɫɵ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚɧɢɹ (Gain at passband edge) ɪɚɜɟɧ ɫɭɦɦɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ Ɏɇɑ-ɩɪɨɬɨɬɢɩɚ ɧɚ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɦ ɬɨɤɟ ɢ ɩɭɥɶɫɚɰɢɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ, ɚ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɱɟɬɧɵɯ — ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɧɚ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɦ ɬɨɤɟ ɢ ɩɭɥɶɫɚɰɢɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɬɢɩɨɜ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜ (ɧɢɠɧɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ, ɜɟɪɯɧɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ, ɩɨɥɨɫɨɜɵɯ, ɡɚ- ɝɪɚɠɞɚɸɳɢɯ) ɩɪɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜ Ȼɚɬɟɪɜɨɪɬɚ ɢ ɢɧɜɟɪɫɧɵɯ ɑɟɛɵɲɟɜɚ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɧɚ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɟ ɩɨɥɨɫɵ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɧɢɠɟ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɧɚ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɦ ɬɨɤɟ ɇɑ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ-ɩɪɨɬɨɬɢɩɚ ɢ ɩɭɥɶɫɚɰɢɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ.
ɂɧɜɟɪɫɧɵɟ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɵ ɑɟɛɵɲɟɜɚ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɬɚɤ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɚɥɚɫɶ ɩɨɥɨɫɚ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚɧɢɹ ɫ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɦɢ ɢ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɚɥɨɫɶ ɬɨɱɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɨɫɵ ɡɚ- ɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɛɟɡ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɨɜ. ɂɞɟɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɭ- ɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɨɛɨɪɨɬ. Ɉɧɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɬɚɤ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɚɥɚɫɶ ɩɨɥɨ- ɫɚ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɫ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɦɢ ɢ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɚɥɨɫɶ ɬɨɱɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɨɫɵ ɩɪɨɩɭɫ- ɤɚɧɢɹ ɛɟɡ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɨɜ.
9.2.4. Ɂɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ Mode 2
Ɋɟɠɢɦ Mode 2 ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ (ɪɢɫ. 9.13). Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ.
Ɏɢɥɶɬɪɵ ɧɢɠɧɢɯ (ɜɟɪɯɧɢɯ) ɱɚɫɬɨɬ:
xGain — ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɧɚ ɧɢɠɧɢɯ (ɜɟɪɯɧɢɯ) ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚɯ ɜ ɞȻ ɞɥɹ Ɏɇɑ ɢ Ɏȼɑ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ.
xPassband Frequency — ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ, ɧɢɠɟ (ɜɵɲɟ) ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ, ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟ- ɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ ɪɚɜɟɧ Gain.
xRipple — ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɜ ɞȻ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɩɨɥɨɫɵ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚɧɢɹ (passband).
xOrder — ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ.
ɉɨɥɨɫɨɜɵɟ ɢ ɡɚɝɪɚɠɞɚɸɳɢɟ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɵ:
xGain — ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ ɧɚ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɟ Fc ɜ ɞȻ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɨɫɨɜɨɝɨ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ ɢɥɢ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɧɚ ɧɢɠɧɢɯ/ɜɟɪɯɧɢɯ
ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚɯ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɝɪɚɠɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜ.
9. ɋɢɧɬɟɡ ɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɢ ɩ ɫɫɢɜɧɵɯ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜ |
455 |
xCenter Frequency — ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨ- ɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ (ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɨɫɨɜɵɯ) ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮ- ɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɝɪɚɠɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜ.
xRipple — ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɜ ɞȻ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɩɨɥɨɫɵ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚɧɢɹ PB ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɨɫɨɜɨɝɨ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ ɢɥɢ ɡɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɦɢ ɩɨɥɨɫɵ ɡɚ- ɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ PB ɞɥɹ ɡɚɝɪɚɠɞɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ.
xOrder — ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ.
xQ — Q-ɮɚɤɬɨɪ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ. ɗɬɨ ɦɟɪɚ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɵɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ ɜɛɥɢɡɢ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ (ɞɨɛɪɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ).
Ɋɢɫ. 9.13. ɋɢɧɬɟɡ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ Mode 2
Ɏɢɥɶɬɪɵ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɢ (Delay Filters):
xGain — ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɧɚ ɧɢɠɧɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚɯ ɜ ɞȻ.
xOrder — ɩɨɪɹɞɨɤ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ, ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɪɚɜɧɵɣ ɬɪɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ.
xDelay — ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɚ, ɜɧɨɫɢɦɚɹ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɦ, ɜ ɫɟɤɭɧɞɚɯ.
9.3. ɋɢɧɬɟɡ ɩɚɫɫɢɜɧɵɯ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜ.
ɋɢɧɬɟɡ ɩɚɫɫɢɜɧɵɯ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɨ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɭ ɚɤɬɢɜ- ɧɵɯ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜ. ɋɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ ɜɢɞ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɩɭɧɤɬɚ ɦɟɧɸ Design. Ɍɚɤ ɠɟ ɤɚɤ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜ, ɡɞɟɫɶ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɬɢɩ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ, ɟɝɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ, ɜɢɞ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɧɨ-ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɨɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢ- ɫɬɢɤɢ, ɫɯɟɦɧɭɸ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ. Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɫɨɡɞɚɫɬ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ.
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɬɢɩɵ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜ:
xLow pass (Ɏɢɥɶɬɪɵ ɧɢɠɧɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ)
xHigh pass (Ɏɢɥɶɬɪɵ ɜɟɪɯɧɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ)
xBandpass (ɉɨɥɨɫɨɜɵɟ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɵ)
xNotch (Ɂɚɝɪɚɠɞɚɸɳɢɟ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɵ)
456 |
ɉɪɨɝɪ ɦɦ ɫɯɟɦɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜ ɧɢɹ Micro-Cap. ȼɟɪɫɢɢ 9, 10 |
Ɍɢɩɵ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ:
xȻɚɬɟɪɜɨɪɬɚ
xɑɟɛɵɲɟɜɚ
xɗɥɥɢɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ (ɢɥɢ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ Ʉɚɭɷɪɚ)
ɋɯɟɦɧɵɟ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɞɜɭɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ:
xStandard (ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɚɹ)
xDual (ɞɭɚɥɶɧɚɹ)
9.3.1. Ɇɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜ
Ɍɨɱɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɚɩɩɪɨɤɫɢɦɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɨɥɢɧɨɦɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɡɜɟɧɶɟɜ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɧɢɠɟ. ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ U — ɷɬɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ, ɧɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɤ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɳɢɤɨɦ ɯɚ-
ɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɟ FC.
ɉɪɢɧɹɬɵɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
F — ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ
Sj 2 F — ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɚɹ ɤɪɭɝɨɜɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ
U |
|
S |
j |
F |
— ɧɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ |
|
FC |
|
|||
2 |
|
FC |
|||
F0 — ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɩɨɥɸɫɚ, Ƚɰ
Q0 — Q-ɮɚɤɬɨɪ
FN — ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɧɭɥɹ, Ƚɰ. (ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɥɹ ɷɥɥɢɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜ).
FC — ɜɟɪɯɧɹɹ ɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɞɥɹ Ɏɇɑ. ɇɢɠɧɹɹ ɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɞɥɹ Ɏȼɑ. ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ (ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɚɹ) ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɨɫɨɜɨɝɨ ɢ ɡɚɝɪɚɠɞɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜ. ɍɤɚɡɚɧɧɚɹ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɚ ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢ- ɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɨɣ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɫɵ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚ- ɧɢɹ/ɡɚɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ. ɉɨɞɝɨɧɤɚ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ F0 ɩɪɨɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɟ
.define U… ɧɚ ɩɨɥɟ ɫɯɟɦɵ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɞɥɹ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ Ȼɚɬɟɪɜɨɪɬɚ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸ- ɳɟɝɨ ɩɨ ɭɦɨɥɱɚɧɢɸ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɭ 1000 Ƚɰ, ɩɨɥɨɫɭ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚɧɢɹ 100, ɜ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ 998.75 Ƚɰ.
W0=F0/FC — ɧɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɩɨɥɸɫɚ.
WN=FN/FC — ɧɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɧɭɥɹ.
ɉɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜ ɧɢɡɤɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ (Low Pass)
Ȼɚɬɟɪɜɨɪɬɚ (Butterworth) |
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9. ɋɢɧɬɟɡ ɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɢ ɩ ɫɫɢɜɧɵɯ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜ |
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ɗɥɥɢɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ (Elliptic) |
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ɉɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɯ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ (High Pass)
Ȼɚɬɟɪɜɨɪɬɚ (Butterworth) F(U) |
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ɑɟɛɵɲɟɜɚ (Chebyshev) |
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ɗɥɥɢɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ (Elliptic) |
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ɉɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɩɨɥɨɫɨɜɵɯ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜ (Bandpass)
Ȼɚɬɟɪɜɨɪɬɚ (Butterworth) |
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ɉɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɡɚɝɪɚɠɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜ (Notch)
Ȼɚɬɟɪɜɨɪɬɚ (Butterworth) |
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ɑɟɛɵɲɟɜɚ (Chebyshev) |
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458 ɉɪɨɝɪ ɦɦ ɫɯɟɦɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜ ɧɢɹ Micro-Cap. ȼɟɪɫɢɢ 9, 10
ɗɥɥɢɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ (Elliptic) |
F(U) |
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9.3.2. Ⱦɢɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɟ ɨɤɧɨ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɩɚɫɫɢɜɧɵɯ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜ
Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɩɚɫɫɢɜɧɵɯ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɦɟɧɸ DESIGN. ȼɵ-
ɛɨɪ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɭɧɤɬɚ ɦɟɧɸ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɤɧɚ (ɪɢɫ. 9.14).
Ɋɢɫ. 9.14. Ⱦɢɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɟ ɨɤɧɨ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɩɚɫɫɢɜɧɵɯ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɤɚ Design
Ⱦɢɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɟ ɨɤɧɨ ɢɦɟɟɬ 3 ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɤɢ, ɞɨɫɬɭɩ ɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬ- ɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɵɲɶɸ ɢɥɢ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɹ <TAB>.
Design. ɗɬɚ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɤɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɬɢɩ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ (Ɏɇɑ, Ɏȼɑ…), ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɬɢɩ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ (Ȼɚɬɟɪɜɨɪɬɚ, ɑɟɛɵɲɟɜɚ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.). Ʉɚɠɞɵɣ ɪɚɡ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɜɵ ɞɟɥɚɟɬɟ ɜɵɛɨɪ ɜ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɜ ɧɢɠɧɟɦ ɩɪɚɜɨɦ ɭɝɥɭ ɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɡɜɟɧɶɟɜ, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɸɫɨɜ ɢ ɧɭɥɟɣ, ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɞɨɛ- ɪɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ Q. Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɪɟɞɚɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɩɨɥɸɫɨɜ F0 ɢ ɞɨɛɪɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ Q0 ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɝɨɧɤɢ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɨɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ.
Implementation. ɗɬɚ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɤɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɩɚɫɫɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ. Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɨɧɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ, ɛɭ- ɞɭɬ ɥɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɫɫɢɜɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɢɛɥɢ- ɠɟɧɧɵɟ (ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɢ ɢɯ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɢ) ɢɡ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɯ ɪɹɞɨɜ, ɧɚɞɨ ɥɢ ɩɪɨɢɡ- ɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ, ɜɵɛɢɪɚɬɶ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɫɢɝ- ɧɚɥɚ ɢ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ.
Options. ȼ ɷɬɨɣ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɤɟ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɩɚɫɫɢɜɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ, ɝɪɚɮɢɤɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɢ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ Bode, ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɦɚɤɪɨɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɢɥɢ ɫɯɟɦɵ, ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɜ ɬɟɤɭɳɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ ɢɥɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɧɨɜɨɣ.
9. ɋɢɧɬɟɡ ɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɢ ɩ ɫɫɢɜɧɵɯ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜ |
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Design
Ɂɚɤɥɚɞɤɚ Design (ɪɢɫ. 9.14) ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ 3 ɫɟɤɰɢɢ:
Type: ȼ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɟɤɰɢɢ ȼɵ ɦɨɠɟɬɟ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɨɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɬɢɩɨɜ ɮɢɥɶɬ-
ɪɨɜ:
xLow pass (Ɏɇɑ);
xHigh pass (Ɏȼɑ);
xBandpass (ɉɨɥɨɫɨɜɨɣ);
xNotch (Ɂɚɝɪɚɠɞɚɸɳɢɣ).
Response: ȼ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɟɤɰɢɢ ȼɵ ɦɨɠɟɬɟ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɚɩɩɪɨɤɫɢ- ɦɚɰɢɸ ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ:
xButterworth (Ȼɚɬɟɪɜɨɪɬɚ);
xChebyshev (ɑɟɛɵɲɟɜɚ);
xElliptic (ɗɥɥɢɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ).
Ɋɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɚɩɩɪɨɤɫɢɦɚɰɢɢ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɪɨɦɢɫɫɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɧɫɬ- ɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ. Ɏɢɥɶɬɪɵ Ȼɚɬɟɪɜɨɪɬɚ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɫɯɟɦɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟ- ɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɬɪɚɬ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ, ɧɨ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɩɪɢɟɦɥɟɦɨɟ ɢɡ- ɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɢ. ɩɩɪɨɤɫɢɦɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɥɢɧɨɦɚɦɢ ɑɟɛɵɲɟɜɚ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬ ɦɟɧɶɲɟɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɡɜɟɧɶɟɜ, ɧɨ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɡɚɦɟɬɧɵɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɢ. ɑɢɫɥɨ ɡɜɟɧɶɟɜ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɫɩɪɚɜɚ ɨɬ ɬɢɩɚ ɚɩɩɪɨɤɫɢɦɚɰɢɢ.
Specifications. Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɜɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɜɵ- ɛɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ. ɂɦɟɸɬɫɹ ɞɜɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ Mode 1 ɢ Mode 2. ȼ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ Mode 1 ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ, ɬɚɤɢɟ ɤɚɤ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɫɟ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚɧɢɹ, ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɫɪɟɡɚ, ɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɟ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɩɨɥɨɫ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ Fs, ɨɫɥɚɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɫɟ ɡɚɞɟɪ- ɠɚɧɢɹ. ɍɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɟɫɶ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɯɨɬɹɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɨɬ ɝɨɬɨ- ɜɨɝɨ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ, ɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɟɬ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɡɜɟɧɶɟɜ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ, ɬɪɟɛɭɟ- ɦɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɢɯ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɭɸ ɚɩɩɪɨɤɫɢɦɚɰɢɸ. ȼ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ Mode 2 ɡɚɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɥɢɲɶ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɢ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɡɜɟɧɶɟɜ.
Poles and Zeros. ɗɬɚ ɫɟɤɰɢɹ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɸɫɨɜ, ɧɭɥɟɣ (ɞɥɹ ɷɥɥɢɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜ) ɢ ɞɨɛɪɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ Q0 ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɧɨ- ɦɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɩɩɪɨɤɫɢɦɚɰɢɢ. Ɉɧɚ, ɜ ɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ. ȿɫɥɢ ɜɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɨɥɹ ɬɢɩɚ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ (Type), ɚɩɩɪɨɤɫɢɦɚɰɢɢ (Response) ɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ (Specifications), ɬɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɡɚɧɨɜɨ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɥɢɧɨɦɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ ɢ ɨɛɧɨɜɥɹɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɟɤ- ɰɢɢ. ȿɫɥɢ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɤɧɨɩɨɤ ɜɵɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɢ (ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ Ȼɨɞɟ, ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɚɹ, ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɧɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ) ɞɥɹ ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ, ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɟɪɟɪɢɫɨɜɵɜɚɟɬ ɡɚɧɨɜɨ ɢ ɢɯ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɢ.
Ƚɪɚɮɢɤ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɞɟɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɨɣ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɨɧ ɜɵ- ɱɢɫɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɧɨɦɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɥɢ- ɡɚɰɢɢ, ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɧɵɟ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ F0 ɢ Q0 ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɞɚɤɬɢɪɨɜɚ- ɧɢɹ. ɗɬɨɬ ɝɪɚɮɢɤ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧ ɜ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɫɨ- ɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ. Ɋɟɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɮɢɥɶɬɪ, ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɢɡ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɦ- ɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ, ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɟɫɬɢ ɫɟɛɹ ɩɨ-ɞɪɭɝɨɦɭ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɡɚ- ɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɢ ɩɨɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ, ɧɚɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɮɢɥɶɬɪ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ
460 |
ɉɪɨɝɪ ɦɦ ɫɯɟɦɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜ ɧɢɹ Micro-Cap. ȼɟɪɫɢɢ 9, 10 |
ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɟ. Ɋɟɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɤɨɦɩɨ- ɧɟɧɬɚɯ ɢɡ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɱɧɹ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɯ ɤɚɬɭɲɟɤ ɢ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɨɜ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɵ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɥɢɲɶ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɧɨ ɪɚɜɧɵ ɪɚɫ- ɫɱɢɬɚɧɧɵɦ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɯɨɞ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɨɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ.
ɉɪɢ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɢ ɤɧɨɩɤɢ Bode ɜɵɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɢ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ (ɪɢɫ. 9.14) ɞɥɹ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ, ɮɚɡɵ ɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɨɣ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɢ (ɜ ɨɞɧɨɦ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɨɤɧɟ ɢɥɢ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɨɤɧɚɯ). ȼɨɡɦɨɠɟɧ ɜɵɜɨɞ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚ ɥɢɲɶ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚɯ ɜ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɤɟ Options.
Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɵɜɟɫɬɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɭɸ ɢ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɧɭɸ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɢ ɩɚɧɟɥɟɣ Step ɢ Impulse ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ (ɪɢɫ. 9.15).
Implementation
ɗɬɚ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɤɚ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɤɧɚ (ɪɢɫ. 9.15) ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ, ɤɚɤ ɨɫɭɳɟ- ɫɬɜɢɬɶ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ. Ɉɧɚ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɫɟɤɰɢɣ.
Ɋɢɫ. 9.15. Ɂɚɤɥɚɞɤɚ Implementation ɨɤɧɚ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɩɚɫɫɢɜɧɵɯ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜ
Circuit. ɗɬɚ ɫɟɤɰɢɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɭɤɚɡɚɬɶ, ɧɚɞɨ ɥɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚ- ɰɢɢ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɟ ɩɚɫɫɢɜɧɵɟ LC-ɰɟɩɢ ɢɥɢ ɢɯ ɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɵ.
Resistor Values. ɗɬɚ ɫɟɤɰɢɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɭɤɚɡɚɬɶ, ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɥɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ
ɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɢɥɢ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɬɶ ɢɯ ɢɡ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɮɚɣɥɚ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɝɨ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɟ ɪɹɞɵ. ɉɪɢɱɟɦ ɜɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ (Single Part) ɥɢɛɨ ɢɯ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɸ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨ-ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɟɞɢ- ɧɟɧɢɹ (Combinations). ɗɬɨ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɤ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɭ ɢɫ- ɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɜ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ Source/Load Resistor.