Микросхемотехника / amelina_m_a_amelin_s_a_programma_shemotehnicheskogo_modeliro

tortion Windows>Add Intermodulation Distortion Window… ɉɨɫɥɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɨɹɜɥɹ- ɟɬɫɹ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɟ ɨɤɧɨ Properties for Intermodulation Distortion. ȼ ɧɟɦ ɡɚɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɜ ɨɩɨɫɪɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɟɣ. Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɨɤɧɚ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨ.

Ɋɢɫ. 6.25. ɧɚɥɢɡ ɢɧɬɟɪɦɨɞɭɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɪɚɞɢɨɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɨɦ ɫɦɟɫɢɬɟɥɟ

Ⱦɥɹ ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɪɚɞɢɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɯɟɦ ɫ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɫɦɟɫɢɬɟɥɹ MIXER1 ɢɡ ɤɚɬɚɥɨɝɚ Analysis\DISTORTION\MC10. ɋɯɟɦɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɦ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɂɆɋ NE600p ɜ ɤɨɧ- ɮɢɝɭɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɧɢɠɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ (ɪɢɫ. 6.25). ɉɪɢɦɟɪ ɞɟ- ɦɨɧɫɬɪɢɪɭɟɬ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɜ H1 (1-ɨɣ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤɢ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɨɣ 79 ɆȽɰ), IM2 (ɢɧɬɟɪɦɨɞɭɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ 2-ɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɨɣ 999 ɆȽɰ), IM3 (ɢɧɬɟɪɦɨɞɭɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ 3-ɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɨɣ 78 ɆȽɰ) ɢ ɩɪɨ-

ɰɟɫɫ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɬɨɱɤɢ 1dB ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɢɢ ɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɭɧɤɬɢɪɧɵɯ ɩɪɹɦɵɯ ɞɥɹ IM2 ɢ IM3.

ȼɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ Intermodulation Distortion ɢɡ ɦɟɧɸ Analysis. ɉɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɤɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ (ɪɢɫ. 6.25).

Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɟ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɜ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɢ ɫɯɟɦɵ DIST_DEMO1 — ɜ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɢ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɚɢɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɪɚɞɢɨɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ (ɝɟɬɟɪɨɞɢɧɚ) LO ɢ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ (source resistor). ɗɬɨɬ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫ- ɱɟɬɚ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ, ɚ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ FL ɝɟɬɟɪɨɞɢɧɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚ- ɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ (ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɵɟ ɢ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɧɵɟ) ɫ 1-ɨɣ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤɨɣ ɜɵɯɨɞ- ɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ (H1), ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɦɢ 2-ɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ (IM2), ɢ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɦɢ 3-ɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ (IM3). Ȼɭɞɭɬ ɥɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɵɟ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɧɨɩɤɚɦɢ Add ɢ Subtract ɜ ɨɤɧɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɜ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɣ Properties for Intermodulation Distortion (F10). ɉɨ ɭɦɨɥɱɚɧɢɸ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ (Subtract

FL).

Ɂɚɩɭɫɤɚɟɦ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɟɦ F2. ɋɩɭɫɬɹ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɦɢɧɭɬ (ɞɥɹ demo- ɜɟɪɫɢɢ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɚɫɚ) ɩɨɹɜɢɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɚɹ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɤɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ (ɪɢɫ.

6.25, 6.26).

Ƚɪɚɮɢɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ H1 (1-ɸ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤɭ), IM2 (ɢɧɬɟɪɦɨɞɭɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɫɨ- ɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɭɸ 2-ɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ), ɢ IM3 (ɢɧɬɟɪɦɨɞɭɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɭɸ 3-ɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ) ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ PIN. ȼɫɟ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɨɬɤɥɚɞɵɜɚ- ɸɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɨɫɹɦ ɜ dBm. ȼɯɨɞɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ 28.217mV ɞɨ 355.234mV, ɝɟɧɟɪɢɪɭɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɰɟɩɢ ɜ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ ɨɬ -24 dBm ɞɨ - 2 dBm. ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɫɤɚɧɢɪɭɟɬ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɟ ɤɪɢɜɵɟ IM2 ɢ IM3 ɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɤɪɢɜɨɣ ɩɚɪɭ ɬɨɱɟɤ. Ⱦɥɹ IM2 — ɷɬɨ ɩɚɪɚ ɬɨɱɟɤ, ɝɞɟ ɧɚɤɥɨɧ ɨɬɪɟɡɤɚ ɢɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɸɳɟɝɨ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɛɥɢɡɨɤ ɤ 2, ɚ ɞɥɹ IM3 — ɩɚɪɚ ɬɨɱɟɤ, ɝɞɟ ɧɚɤɥɨɧ ɨɬ- ɪɟɡɤɚ ɢɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɸɳɟɝɨ ɛɥɢɡɨɤ ɤ 3. Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɪɢɫɭɸɬɫɹ ɩɭɧɤɬɢɪɧɵɟ ɥɢɧɢɢ, ɩɪɨ- ɞɨɥɠɚɸɳɢɟ ɧɚɣɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɬɪɟɡɤɢ (ɷɬɨ ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɢ IM2, IM3) ɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬ- ɫɹ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɩɟɪɟɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɯ ɫ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɦ 1-ɨɣ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤɢ H1 (ɢɥɢ ɫ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚ H1 ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɢɹ). ɉɨɫɥɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɤɨɨɪɞɢ- ɧɚɬɵ ɬɨɱɟɤ ɩɟɪɟɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ IP2 (ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɟɧɢɹ ɢɞɟɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ IM2 ɫ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚ H1), ɢ IP3 (ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɟɧɢɹ ɢɞɟɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ IM3 ɫ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚ H1). IP2 ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɟ ɤɚɤ IP2=IIP2,OIP2. IP3 ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɟ ɤɚɤ IP3=IIP3,OIP3. Ʉɚɠɞɚɹ ɬɨɱɤɚ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɡɚɥɢɬɵɦ ɤɪɭɠɤɨɦ.

ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɬɨɱɤɭ 1dB ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɢɢ P1dB. ɗɬɨ ɬɨɱɤɚ ɧɚ ɤɪɢɜɨɣ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤɢ H1, ɝɞɟ ɟɟ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɫɩɚɞɚɟɬ ɧɚ 1dBm ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ H1 ɫ ɧɚɤɥɨɧɨɦ 1.0.

Ⱦɥɹ ɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɢɞɟɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɥɢɧɢɣ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɨɱɟɤ ɩɟɪɟɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵ ɥɢɲɶ 2 ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɟ ɬɨɱɤɢ. ɇɚɤɥɨɧ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɷɬɢɦɢ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɬɨɱɤɚɦɢ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɛɥɢɡɨɤ ɤ 2.0 ɞɥɹ IM2, ɢ ɛɥɢɡɨɤ ɤ 3.0 ɞɥɹ IM3. ɇɟɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɟ ɫɬɨɥɶ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɬɨɱɟɤ, ɤɚɤ ɫɞɟɥɚɧɨ ɜ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ MIXER1. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ 1 dB ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɢɢ P1dB, ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɨ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɬɨɱɟɤ. Ɍɨɥɶɤɨ ɬɨɝɞɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɡɚɦɟɬɧɨ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɤɥɨɧɚ ɤɪɢɜɨɣ H1 ɨɬ ɟɞɢɧɢɱɧɨɝɨ (ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɦɚɥɵɯ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɹɯ). Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɭɜɢɞɟɬɶ ɬɨɱɤɭ ɤɨɦɩɪɟɫɫɢɢ (ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɟɣ).

ɗɬɨ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɟ ɨɤɧɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟɦ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɜ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɪɟɠɢɦɚɯ. Ɉɧɨ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ:

Plot. Ɂɚɤɥɚɞɤɚ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɜ ɨɩɨɫɪɟɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɟɣ.

x Curves — Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɞɨɛɚɜɢɬɶ/ɭɞɚɥɢɬɶ ɢɥɢ ɫɤɪɵɬɶ/ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɝɪɚɮɢɤ ɞɨ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ.

Title — ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɪɢɫɜɨɢɬɶ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɭ ɢɦɹ. ȿɫɥɢ ɜ ɧɟɣ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɚ ɨɩɰɢɹ Auto, ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɫɜɚɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɞɥɹ ɩɨ- ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɭ.

X Axis — Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɭɸ, ɨɬɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɦɭɸ ɩɨ ɨɫɢ X. ɂɦɟɸɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ:

VIN — ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ VOUT — ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ PIN — ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ POUT — ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ

Show As — ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɜɨɞɚ:

dB — ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɨɫɢ X ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ ɥɨɝɚɪɢɮɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɟɞɢ- ɧɢɰɚɯ dB. ȿɫɥɢ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ (voltage), ɬɨ ɩɨ ɨɫɢ ɏ ɨɬɤɥɚɞɵ-

ɜɚɟɬɫɹ 20*LOG10(voltage). ȿɫɥɢ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɚ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ, ɬɨ ɩɨ ɨɫɢ ɏ ɨɬ-

ɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ 10*LOG10(Power).

dBm — ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɨɫɢ X ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ ɥɨɝɚɪɢɮɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚɯ dBm. Ⱦɨɫɬɭɩɧɚ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɛɨɪɟ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ (power). ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɛɨɪɟ ɨɩɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɨɫɢ X ɨɬɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ

10*LOG10(Power/1E-3).

Number — ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɨɫɢ X ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ ɨɛɵɱɧɵɯ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬ- ɧɵɯ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚɯ.

xForm — ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɬɶ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɧɨɟ (Peak) ɢɥɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɢɱɟ- ɫɤɨɟ (RMS) ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ. Ɉɩɰɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɤɚɤ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ, ɨɬɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟ- ɦɵɯ ɩɨ ɨɫɢ X, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ, ɨɬɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɩɨ ɨɫɢ Y. ɋɪɟɞɧɟ- ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ (RMS) ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɧɵɦ (peak) ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɨɣ RMS=Peak/sqrt(2). ɋɪɟɞɧɟɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ (RMS) ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɧɵɦ (peak) ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɮɨɪ- ɦɭɥɨɣ RMS=Peak/2. ɗɬɚ ɨɩɰɢɹ ɧɟ ɜɥɢɹɟɬ ɧɚ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɦɨɞɭɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɣ IM2 ɢɥɢ IM3 ɫɨ ɡɧɚɦɟɧɚɬɟɥɟɦ (denominator) ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɨɣ F2. Ɉɧɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢ- ɰɢɟɧɬɵ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ, ɚ ɭɦɧɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɱɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɢ ɡɧɚɦɟɧɚɬɟɥɹ ɧɚ ɨɞɢɧ ɢ ɬɨɬ ɠɟ ɦɧɨɠɢɬɟɥɶ ɧɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɬ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ.

xY Axis — ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɭɸ, ɨɬɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɦɭɸ ɩɨ ɨɫɢ Y ɞɥɹ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚ.

Numerator (ɱɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶ) — ɢɦɟɸɬɫɹ ɬɪɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚ: H1 — ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ (1-ɚɹ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤɚ) IM2 — ɢɧɬɟɪɦɨɞɭɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɚɹ 2-ɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ IM3 — ɢɧɬɟɪɦɨɞɭɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɚɹ 3-ɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ

ɇɢɠɟ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɢɡ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɞɥɹ ɢɯ ɜɨɡ- ɦɨɠɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ, ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɜɵɛɨɪ. IM2 ɢ IM3 ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ, ɟɫɥɢ ɡɚɞɚɧ ɡɧɚɦɟɧɚɬɟɥɶ (denominator) ɤɚɤ F1 ɢɥɢ F2, ɜ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɨɧɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɪɹɞɚ Ɏɭɪɶɟ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ. ȿɫɥɢ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɵ ɢɧɬɟɪɦɨɞɭɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ 2-ɝɨ ɢɥɢ 3-ɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɨɜ, ɦɨɠɧɨ

ɬɚɤɠɟ ɡɚɞɚɬɶ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ ɡɧɚɦɟɧɚɬɟɥɹ ɞɥɹ ɟɝɨ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚɯ (denominator). ɉɪɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɦɨɞɭɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ 2-ɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɞɥɹ ɱɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɹ (nominator) ɦɨɝɭɬ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɵ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ- ɥɹɸɳɢɟ F2-F1±FL, ɢɥɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɫ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚɦɢ F1+F2±FL. ȿɫɥɢ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɵ ɢɧɬɟɪɦɨɞɭɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ 3-ɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ (IM3), ɦɨɠɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɬɶ ɫɥɟ- ɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɢɧɬɟɪɦɨɞɭɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɱɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɟ: 2F1 ± F2 ± FL ɢɥɢ 2F2 ± F1 ± FL. Ɍɚɤɬɨɜɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ FL ɩɪɢɛɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɥɢ ɜɵɱɢɬɚɟɬɫɹ, ɟɫ- ɥɢ ɡɚɞɚɧ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɝɟɬɟɪɨɞɢɧɚ LO.

Add FL — ɉɪɢ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɢ ɝɟɬɟɪɨɞɢɧɚ LO, ɫɟɬɤɚ ɢɧɬɟɪɦɨɞɭɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ

ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɣ ɫ ɷɬɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɨɣ. Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹ ɨɩɰɢɹ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɸ ɢɧɬɟɪɦɨɞɭɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɫ ɩɪɢɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɝɟɬɟɪɨɞɢɧɚ FL. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɜ

ɫɯɟɦɟ MIXER1, F1=920E6, F2=921E6, FL=1000E6. ȿɫɥɢ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɚ ɨɩɰɢɹ

ADD, ɬɨɝɞɚ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ H1 ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ F2+FL=1921E6. ɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɨ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɢɧɬɟɪɦɨɞɭɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ 2-ɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ IM2 ɛɭɞɭɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɦ F2±F1+FL=1001E6. ɑɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɢɧɬɟɪɦɨɞɭ- ɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ 3-ɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ IM3 ɛɭɞɭɬ

2F2±F1+FL=2*921E6-920E6+1000E6=1922E6. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɨɩɰɢɹ

ADD ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɫ ɩɨɜɵ- ɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ.

Subtract FL — Ⱦɚɧɧɚɹ ɨɩɰɢɹ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɸ ɢɧɬɟɪɦɨɞɭɥɹɰɢɨɧ- ɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɫ ɜɵɱɢɬɚɧɢɟɦ ɬɚɤɬɨɜɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ FL. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɜ

ɫɯɟɦɟ MIXER1: F1=920E6, F2=921E6, FL=1000E6. ȿɫɥɢ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɚ ɨɩɰɢɹ

SUB, ɬɨɝɞɚ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ H1 ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ F2-FL=79E6. ɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɨ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɢɧɬɟɪɦɨɞɭɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ 2-ɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ IM2 ɛɭɞɭɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɦ F2±F1-FL=999E6. ɑɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɢɧɬɟɪɦɨɞɭɥɹ- ɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ 3-ɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ IM3 ɛɭɞɭɬ 2F2±F1-FL= =2*921E6-920E6-1000E6=78E6. ɗɬɚ ɨɩɰɢɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɫɦɟɫɢ-

ɬɟɥɟɣ ɫ ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ.

Include Noise — ɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɲɭɦɚ ɤ ɢɧɬɟɪɦɨɞɭɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɦ 2-ɝɨ ɢ 3-ɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɨɜ. ɍɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɲɭɦɚ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɜɫɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɋ-ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ.

Type — ɜɵɛɨɪ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ.

Voltage — ɫɬɪɨɢɬɫɹ ɝɪɚɮɢɤ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟ- ɧɢɹ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɣ, ɢɥɢ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ H1.

Power — ɫɬɪɨɢɬɫɹ ɝɪɚɮɢɤ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɟɣ, ɢɥɢ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ȼɬ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ H1.

Show As — ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɨɩɰɢɢ:

% — ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɜ %. IM2 ɢ IM3 ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɬ- ɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɚɯ ɨɬ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ H1. ȿɫɥɢ ɡɚɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ H1, ɬɨ ɜɫɟ- ɝɞɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɜɵɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ 100 (%).

dB — ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɜ ɥɨɝɚɪɢɮɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚɯ dB. ȿɫɥɢ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ (voltage), ɬɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɫɹ ɝɪɚɮɢɤ

20*LOG10(voltage). ȿɫɥɢ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɚ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ, ɬɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɫɹ ɝɪɚɮɢɤ

10*LOG10(Power).

dBm — ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɜ ɥɨɝɚɪɢɮɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɟɞɢɧɢ- ɰɚɯ dBm. Ⱦɨɫɬɭɩɧɚ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɛɨɪɟ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ (power). ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭ-

ɱɚɟ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɛɨɪɟ ɨɩɰɢɢ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɫɹ ɝɪɚɮɢɤ 10*LOG10(Power/1E-3). Number — ɫɬɪɨɢɬɫɹ ɝɪɚɮɢɤ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɜ ɨɛɵɱɧɵɯ ɚɛɫɨ- ɥɸɬɧɵɯ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚɯ (ȼɨɥɶɬɚɯ ɢɥɢ ȼɚɬɬɚɯ).

Denominator (ɡɧɚɦɟɧɚɬɟɥɶ) — ɞɥɹ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɟɞɢɧɢ- ɰɚɯ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɡɧɚɦɟɧɚɬɟɥɶ F2 ± FL ɢɥɢ 1. F2 ± FL ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɜɵ ɯɨɬɢɬɟ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɢɧɬɟɪɦɨɞɭɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ 2-ɝɨ ɢ 3-ɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɨɜ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚɯ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ 1-ɨɣ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤɟ H1. 1 ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɦɨɞɭɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɨ- ɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ H1, IM2, ɢ IM3, ɤɚɤ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɷɮɮɦɰɦɟɬɨɜ ɪɹɞɚ Ɏɭɪɶɟ.

x Designator — ɜɵɛɨɪ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ

Simple — ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ, ɬɚɤɨɟ ɤɚɤ H1, IM2, IM3. Literal — ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɜ, ɬɚɤɨɟ ɤɚɤ

IM3P(dBW). ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɵ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɫɩɨɫɨ- ɛɚɦɢ (ɩɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɸ ɢɥɢ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ) ɷɬɨ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɞɧɨɡɧɚɱɧɨ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬ ɨ ɬɨɦ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɥɢɫɶ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ.

xBuffer — ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɭɟɬ ɞɨɫɬɭɩ ɤ ɛɭɮɟɪɭ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɜ. ɉɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɜɵɡɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɧɵɣ ɝɪɚɮɢɤ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɣ. Ƚɪɚɮɢɤɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɵ ɜ ɛɭɮɟɪɟ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɩɪɚɜɨɝɨ ɤɥɢɤɚ ɧɚ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɨɣ ɤɪɢɜɨɣ, ɡɚɬɟɦ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɢɡ ɪɚɫ- ɤɪɵɜɚɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɫɩɢɫɤɚ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ Add to Buffer.

xShow IM2 Intercept — ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɱɤɚ, ɝɞɟ ɤɪɢɜɚɹ H1 ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɩɟɪɟ- ɫɟɱɶ ɤɪɢɜɭɸ IM2, ɟɫɥɢ ɨɧɢ ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɵ (ɩɪɹɦɵɟ ɥɢɧɢɢ) ɢ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬ- ɜɟɧɧɨ ɧɚɤɥɨɧɵ 1 ɢ 2. ȿɫɥɢ ɧɟɬ ɩɚɪɵ ɬɨɱɟɤ, ɭ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɧɚɤɥɨɧ ɨɬɪɟɡɤɚ ɢɯ ɫɨ- ɟɞɢɧɹɸɳɟɝɨ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ ɨɬ 0.9 ɞɨ 1.1 ɞɥɹ H1, ɢɥɢ ɜ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ ɨɬ 1.8 ɞɨ 2.2 ɞɥɹ IM2, ɬɨɝɞɚ ɬɨɱɤɚ ɩɟɪɟɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɧɚɣɞɟɧɚ ɢ ɩɭɧɤ- ɬɢɪɧɵɟ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɧɟ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɵ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ IM2, ɞɨɥ- ɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɡɧɚɦɟɧɚɬɟɥɶ (denominator) ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧ ɜ 1, ɢ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɚ ɨɩɰɢɹ Power ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɫ dB (ɢɥɢ dBM). ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɩɨ ɨɫɢ X ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɚ PIN ɫ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚɦɢ dBm.

xShow IM3 Intercept — ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɱɤɚ, ɝɞɟ ɤɪɢɜɚɹ H1 ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɩɟɪɟ- ɫɟɱɶ ɤɪɢɜɭɸ IM3, ɟɫɥɢ ɨɧɢ ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɵ (ɩɪɹɦɵɟ ɥɢɧɢɢ) ɢ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬ- ɜɟɧɧɨ ɧɚɤɥɨɧɵ 1 ɢ 3. ȿɫɥɢ ɧɟɬ ɩɚɪɵ ɬɨɱɟɤ, ɭ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɧɚɤɥɨɧ ɨɬɪɟɡɤɚ ɢɯ ɫɨ- ɟɞɢɧɹɸɳɟɝɨ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ ɨɬ 0.9 ɞɨ 1.1 ɞɥɹ H1, ɢɥɢ ɜ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ ɨɬ 2.8 ɞɨ 3.2 ɞɥɹ IM3, ɬɨɝɞɚ ɬɨɱɤɚ ɩɟɪɟɫɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɧɚɣɞɟɧɚ ɢ ɩɭɧɤ- ɬɢɪɧɵɟ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɧɟ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɵ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ IM3, ɟɝɨ ɡɧɚɦɟɧɚɬɟɥɶ (denominator) ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧ ɜ 1, ɢ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɚ ɨɩɰɢɹ Power ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɫ dB (ɢɥɢ dBM). ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɬɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɩɨ ɨɫɢ X ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɚ PIN ɫ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚɦɢ dBm.

xShow 1 dB Compression Point — ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɱɤɚ, ɝɞɟ ɤɪɢɜɚɹ H1 ɫɧɢ- ɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ 1dB ɧɢɠɟ ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɹɦɨɣ ɫ ɟɞɢɧɢɱɧɵɦ ɧɚɤɥɨɧɨɦ. ɗɬɚ ɬɨɱɤɚ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ P1dB=PIN, H1. ȼɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɨɬɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɩɨ ɨɫɹɦ X ɢ Y ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɵ ɤɚɤ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɥɨɝɚɪɢɮɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɚɯ dB (ɢɥɢ dBm).

xWhat to Plot — ɟɫɥɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɥɚɫɶ ɜɚɪɢɚɰɢɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɟɦ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ TEMPERATURE, VIN), ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɜɚɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɜɵɛɢ- ɪɚɟɬ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɭɸ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ (ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ) ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚ. ȼɵ-

ɛɨɪ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɣ (ɜɫɟɯ) ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɤ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɝɪɚɮɢ- ɤɭ. ȼɵɛɨɪ All ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɬ ɤ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɸ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɜ ɜɫɟɯ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ.

xPlot Group — ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɹɬɶ ɜɵɜɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɢ ɜ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɤɧɚ (ɝɪɭɩɩɵ) ɜɵɛɨɪɨɦ ɧɨɦɟɪɚ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɨɥɟ.

xLabels — ɝɚɥɨɱɤɚ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɨɥɟ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɜɵɜɨɞɭ ɦɟɬɨɤ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɵ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ. Ɉɩɰɢɹ Font ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɲɪɢɮɬ ɞɥɹ ɦɟɬɨɤ.

Scales and Formats — ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɤɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɨɛɵɱɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɨɜɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɵ ɜɵɜɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɜ.

Colors, Fonts, and Lines — ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɤɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɨɛɵɱ- ɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɰɜɟɬ, ɲɪɢɮɬ ɢ ɬɢɩ ɩɪɨɪɢɫɨɜɤɢ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚ.

Scope — ɗɬɚ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɤɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɨɛɵɱɧɵɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɜɨɞɨɦ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɦɨɬɪɚ.

Header — ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɝɨɥɨɜɨɱɧɵɦ ɛɥɨɤɨɦ ɮɚɣɥɚ ɱɢ- ɫɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɵɜɨɞɚ.

Numeric Output — ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɱɢɫɥɨɜɵɦ ɜɵɜɨɞɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɜ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɣ. ȼ ɱɢɫɥɨɜɨɣ ɜɵɜɨɞ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɚ ɥɸɛɚɹ ɩɟɪɟ- ɦɟɧɧɚɹ, ɜɧɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɬɨɝɨ ɛɵɥɚ ɥɢ ɨɧɚ ɜɵɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɝɪɚɮɢɤ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɬ.

ɉɪɨɫɬɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɝɚɥɨɱɤɭ ɩɪɨɬɢɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɜ ɫɩɢɫɤɟ Variables to Print ɢ ɧɚɠɚɬɶ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ Create. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɮɚɣɥ ɫ ɢɦɟɧɟɦ <ɢɦɹ ɫɯɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɮɚɣɥɚ>.IDNO. ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬɫɹ 2 ɜɢ- ɞɚ ɮɚɣɥɨɜ ɱɢɫɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɵɜɨɞɚ. Ɏɚɣɥ ɨɛɵɱɧɨɝɨ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɱɢɫɥɨɜɵɦ ɜɵɜɨɞɨɦ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɟɣ. Ⱦɪɭ- ɝɨɣ ɮɚɣɥ — ɷɬɨ ɮɚɣɥ ɱɢɫɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɵɜɨɞɚ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɣ, ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɤɢ.

Tool Bar — Ɂɚɤɥɚɞɤɚ ɫɥɭɠɢɬ ɞɥɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɧɨɩɤɚɦɢ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɢɧɫɬɪɭ- ɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɤɧɚ.

Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɭ ɢɧɬɟɪɦɨɞɭɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɣ

xɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ PSS, ɷɬɨ ɧɚɜɟɪɧɹɤɚ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɬ ɤ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɸ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɜ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɣ.

xɉɪɢ ɚɧɚɞɢɡɟ ɪɚɞɢɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɢɫ- ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ F1/F2 ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɟɦ 0.99: ɑɟɦ ɛɥɢɠɟ ɷɬɨ ɨɬ- ɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɤ 1, ɬɟɦ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ. Ɉɬɥɢɱɢɹ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɟ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɢ ɨɬɧɨɲɟ- ɧɢɹɯ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ 0.90 ɢ 0.99 ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵ, ɚ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɜ 10 ɪɚɡ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ.

xȻɵɫɬɪɨɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɜ IP2 ɢ IP3. Ɍɨɱɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɹ-

ɦɵɯ IP2, IP3 ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɜɚ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟ- ɧɢɹ. ɉɪɨɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬ ɫ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɫ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɨɣ F2, ɤɚɤ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ 1m,10m, ɢɥɢ 10m,50m ɞɥɹ ɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɞɢɚɩɚ- ɡɨɧɚ, ɝɞɟ ɧɚɤɥɨɧɵ ɪɚɜɧɵ ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦ. ɂɞɟɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɧɚɤɥɨɧɵ ɞɥɹ H1, IM2, ɢ IM3 ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ 1.0, 2.0, ɢ 3.0 ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ. ȼɵ ɦɨɠɟɬɟ ɭɜɢ- ɞɟɬɶ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɧɚɤɥɨɧɨɜ ɜ ɫɬɨɥɛɰɟ slope ɩɪɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɨɦ ɤɭɪɫɨɪɧɨɦ ɪɟ- ɠɢɦɟ cursor mode (F8). Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɨɦɟɫɬɢɬɶ ɥɟɜɵɣ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɵɣ ɤɭɪ- ɫɨɪɵ ɜ ɫɨɫɟɞɧɢɟ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚ. ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɜɭɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɨɣ F2, ɤɭɪɫɨɪɵ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɨɦɟɫɬɹɬɫɹ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ

ɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɟ ɬɨɱɤɢ. Ɉɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɚɪɚ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɵ 1m, 10m ɞɥɹ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɡɜɭɤɨɜɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ ɢ 10m, 50m ɞɥɹ ɪɚɞɢɨɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɵɯ ɫɦɟɫɢɬɟɥɟɣ. Ɉɞɧɚɠɞɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɩɚɪɚ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ

ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɧɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɢ ɞɚɥɟɟ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɭɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹɯ ɜ ɫɯɟɦɟ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ, ɟɫɥɢ ɜɵ ɧɟ ɭɜɟɪɟɧɵ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɪɟ- ɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɜɚɪɢɚɰɢɸ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɵ ɫ ɥɨɝɚɪɢɮɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɲɚ- ɝɨɦ: 100m,1m,1.2, ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɩɨɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɧɚɤɥɨɧɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɜɲɢɯɫɹ ɤɪɢɜɵɯ. ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɨɦɧɢɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɬɪɚɬ ɦɚɲɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ.

xɈɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɭɧɤɬɢɪɧɵɯ ɥɢɧɢɣ. ȿɫɥɢ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬɫɹ ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɭɧɤɬɢɪɧɵɟ ɥɢɧɢɢ, ɚ ɨɧɢ ɧɟ ɜɵɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ, ɬɨ ɷɬɨ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ ɱɬɨ ɧɚɤɥɨɧɵ ɤɪɢ- ɜɵɯ ɞɚɥɟɤɢ ɨɬ ɢɞɟɚɥɚ. Ⱦɥɹ H1 ɧɚɤɥɨɧ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ ɨɬ

0.9 ɞɨ 1.1, ɞɥɹ IM2 — ɨɬ 1.8 ɞɨ 2.2, ɞɥɹ IM3 — ɨɬ 2.7 ɞɨ 3.3.

Ɏɨɪɦɭɥɵ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɟ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɦɨɞɭɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɣ

Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ

A — ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɵɣ ɦɧɨɠɢɬɟɥɶ ɞɥɹ ɥɨɝɚɪɢɮɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɟɞɢɧɢɰ dB S — ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɚ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤɢ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɪɹɞɚ Ɏɭɪɶɟ. V1 — ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɚ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ (F2 ± FL)

ɉɪɢ ɜɵɛɨɪɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɣ (Voltage):

N2 — ɫɪɟɞɧɟɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɱɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɦɨɞɭɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɨ- ɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ 2-ɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ

D2 — ɫɪɟɞɧɟɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɡɧɚɦɟɧɚɬɟɥɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɦɨɞɭɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɨ- ɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ 2-ɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ *

N3 — ɫɪɟɞɧɟɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɱɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɦɨɞɭɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɨ- ɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ 3-ɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ

D3 — ɫɪɟɞɧɟɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɡɧɚɦɟɧɚɬɟɥɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɦɨɞɭɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɨ- ɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ 3-ɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ *

ɉɪɢ ɜɵɛɨɪɟ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ (Power):

N2 — ɫɪɟɞɧɟɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɟ ɱɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɦɨɞɭɥɹɰɢ- ɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ 2-ɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ

D2 — ɫɪɟɞɧɟɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɟ ɡɧɚɦɟɧɚɬɟɥɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɦɨɞɭɥɹ- ɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ 2-ɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ *

N3 — ɫɪɟɞɧɟɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɟ ɱɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɦɨɞɭɥɹɰɢ- ɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ 3-ɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ

D3 — ɫɪɟɞɧɟɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɟ ɡɧɚɦɟɧɚɬɟɥɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɦɨɞɭɥɹ- ɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ 3-ɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ *

* ȿɫɥɢ "1" ɜɵɛɪɚɧɚ ɜ ɨɩɰɢɢ Denominator, ɬɨ D2=D3=1.0 ɤɚɤ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɣ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɟɣ.

Ɍ ɚ ɛ ɥ ɢ ɰ ɚ 6 . 4 . Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ

ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɢɧɬɟɪɦɨɞɭɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɣ MC10

6.10. ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɫɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ

ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ ɪɟɱɶ ɩɨɣɞɟɬ ɨ ɫɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɢ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɯ, ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɧɚ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ. Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɵ ɩɟɪɜɨɩɪɢɱɢɧɵ ɞɢɚɝ- ɧɨɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɣ ɨ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɩɭɬɢ ɢɯ ɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɧɢɹ.

6.10.1. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ

Ⱦɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ, ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ Micro-Cap ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɪɟɲɢɬɶ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɯ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɣ. ɇɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ, ɧɢ ɦɚɲɢɧɚ ɧɟ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɪɟ- ɲɢɬɶ ɷɬɢ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɞɥɹ ɢɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ. ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ, ɧɨ ɜɫɟ ɨɧɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɤɚɤɨɝɨ-ɥɢɛɨ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɟ- ɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚ ɢ ɩɪɟɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɢ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɝɨ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɢ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɤɪɢɬɟ- ɪɢɹ. Ɉɛɵɱɧɨ ɷɬɨɬ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɣ ɜɵɝɥɹɞɢɬ ɤɚɤ ɧɢɠɟɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɣ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬ ɩɪɨ- ɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɉɚɫɤɚɥɟ:

while (error>RELTOL*V+VNTOL and iterations<MAXITERATIONS)

{

error=Solve();

iterations=iterations+1;

}

ɗɬɨɬ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬ ɤɨɞɚ ɪɚɫɲɢɮɪɨɜɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ. ȿɫɥɢ ɨɲɢɛɤɚ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɩɪɟɜɨɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɭɸ ɢ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɟɧɨ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚ- ɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɬɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ, ɬɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɬɶ ɢɬɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɣ. ɍɤɚɡɚɧɧɚɹ ɨɲɢɛɤɚ ɫɚɦɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚɦɢ (ɢɬɟɪɚɰɢɹɦɢ) ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɤɨɦɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɟɫɥɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɞɜɭɯ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚ- ɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɬɟɪɚɰɢɹɯ, ɢɥɢ ɩɨ ɤɪɚɣɧɟɣ ɦɟɪɟ, ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɱɟɦ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɚɹ ɨɲɢɛɤɚ (tol), ɬɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɲɟɥɫɹ, ɢ ɨɬɜɟɬ ɞɥɹ ɬɟɤɭɳɟɣ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɣ.

Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɣ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɫɯɟɦɵ. ȿɫɥɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɯɨɬɹ ɛɵ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɷɬɢɯ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɡɨɲɟɥɫɹ, ɬɨɝɞɚ ɱɚɳɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɜɵɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ: "Internal time step too small", ɢɥɢ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɨɟ ɟɦɭ.

ɉɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɫɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɥɸɛɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɫɯɟɦɵ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ (TRANSIENT) ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɬɨɱɤɚɯ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɫɢ, ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɩɨ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɦɭ ɬɨɤɭ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢ- ɟɦ AC ɢ TRANSIENT ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ, ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɜɫɟɯ ɬɨɱɟɤ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɧɚ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɦ ɬɨɤɟ (DC analysis). Ʌɢɧɟɣɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɩɨ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɬɨɤɭ AC (ɬ.ɟ. ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɦɚɥɨɫɢɝɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ) — ɹɜ- ɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɜɢɞɨɦ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ, ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɧɟɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɤɪɢ- ɬɟɪɢɹɯ ɫɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ. Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɪɟɲɚɸɬɫɹ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɟ ɚɥɝɟɛɪɚɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɪɚɜ- ɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɪɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ.

ɋɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ (Convergence) — ɷɬɨ ɫɨɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɩɨ- ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ (ɢɬɟɪɚɰɢɹɦɢ) ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ.

6.10.2. ɑɬɨ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɫɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ

ɉɪɢɱɢɧ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɚ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɦɧɨɝɨ. ɇɢɠɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ.

ɇɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɩɪɟɪɵɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɜ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ. ɂɧɨɝɞɚ ɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɢɦɟɸɬɫɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɫ ɬɨɱɤɚɦɢ ɪɚɡɪɵɜɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɱɚɳɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹ- ɸɬ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ, ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɢɥɢ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ. Ʉɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɷɬɨ ɬɨɱɤɚ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɫɬɪɟɦɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɛɟɫɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɫɬɢ. Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɬ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɭ ɪɚɡɪɵɜɚ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɫɨɪɚɡɦɟɪ- ɧɵɣ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ, ɢ ɢɬɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɸɬɫɹ ɜɨɤɪɭɝ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɪɚɡɪɵɜɚ ɞɨ ɬɟɯ ɩɨɪ, ɩɨɤɚ ɢɯ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɫɢɬ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ. ɗɬɨ ɨɫɧɨɜ- ɧɨɟ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɟ, ɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɩɨɦɧɢɬɶ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ, ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɹ ɫɨɛɫɬ- ɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɩɪɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɢɡɛɟ- ɝɚɬɶ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ ɪɚɡɪɵɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ.

Ȼɢɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɥɢ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɧɟɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɟ ɫɯɟɦɵ. ȿɫɥɢ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɧɟɭɫ-

ɬɨɣɱɢɜɚ ɢɥɢ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ, ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɨɬ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɤ ɞɪɭɝɨɦɭ. ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɧɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɭɬɚ