Микросхемотехника / amelina_m_a_amelin_s_a_programma_shemotehnicheskogo_modeliro

292 ɉɪɨɝɪ ɦɦ ɫɯɟɦɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜ ɧɢɹ Micro-Cap. ȼɟɪɫɢɢ 9, 10

ɗɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɲɭɦɚ, ɝɟɧɟɪɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɨɦ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɫɟ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ:

U Rɒɷɮɮ 4kTRB ,

ɝɞɟ B=f2–f1 — ɩɨɥɨɫɚ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɲɭɦɚ.

Ⱦɪɨɛɨɜɨɣ ɲɭɦ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɵɦɢ ɮɥɭɤɬɭɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɬɨɤɨɜ ɢɧɠɟɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɪɟɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɭɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚɯ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɤɨɧɟɱ- ɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɪɹɞɚ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ, ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɹɳɟɣ ɬɨɤ (ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɚ). ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɲɭɦɚ, ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɦɢ ɢɫɬɨɱ- ɧɢɤɚɦɢ ɬɨɤɚ, ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɹɯ ɩɨɥɭɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜ. ȼɫɟ ɩɨɥɭɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɢɤɨɜɵɟ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɵ ɝɟɧɟɪɢɪɭɸɬ ɞɪɨɛɨɜɨɣ ɲɭɦ. ɋɯɟ- ɦɚ ɡɚɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɬɨɤɚ ɞɥɹ ɭɱɟɬɚ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɲɭɦɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜ-

ɝɞɟ q — ɡɚɪɹɞ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɚ; I — ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɬɨɤɚ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɬɨɱɤɟ ɩɨ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɦɭ ɬɨɤɭ (DC operating point).

ɗɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɨɤɚ ɞɪɨɛɨɜɨɝɨ ɲɭɦɚ, ɝɟɧɟɪɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɦ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɫɟ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ:

ɝɞɟ B=f2–f1 — ɩɨɥɨɫɚ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɲɭɦɚ.

Ʉɚɤ ɢ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɲɭɦ Ⱦɠɨɧɫɨɧɚ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɞɪɨɛɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɝɚɭɫɫɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɛɟɥɵɣ ɲɭɦ. Ȼɟɥɵɣ ɲɭɦ — ɷɬɨ ɲɭɦ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɣ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɨɦ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɭɸ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɝɚɭɫɫɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɚ ɲɭɦɚ, ɹɜɥɹɹɫɶ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɨɣ, ɩɨɞɱɢɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ Ƚɚɭɫɫɚ.

Ⱦɪɨɛɨɜɨɣ ɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɲɭɦɵ — ɷɬɨ ɧɟɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɦɵɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɲɭɦɚ, ɜɨɡɧɢ- ɤɚɸɳɢɟ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɡɚɤɨɧɚɦɢ ɮɢɡɢɤɢ. ɋɚɦɵɣ ɞɨɪɨɝɨɣ ɢ ɬɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɢɡɝɨ- ɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɬɨɬ ɠɟ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɲɭɦ, ɱɬɨ ɢ ɞɟɲɟɜɵɣ ɭɝɥɟɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪ ɫ ɬɟɦ ɠɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ. Ɋɟɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ, ɤɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɢɦɟɸɬ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ «ɢɡɛɵɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɲɭɦɨɜ».

Ɏɥɢɤɤɟɪ-ɲɭɦ ɩɨɪɨɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚɦɢ. ȼ ɛɢɩɨɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɬɪɚɧ- ɡɢɫɬɨɪɚɯ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɨɧ ɜɵɡɜɚɧ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɦ ɥɨɜɭɲɟɤ, ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɞɟɮɟɤɬɨɜ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɲɟɬɤɢ ɩɨɥɭɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɢɤɨɜɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ, ɩɨɪɨɠɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɭɸ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɢɸ ɢ ɪɟɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɸ ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟ- ɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɚɪɹɞɚ.

ɗɬɨ ɲɭɦ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɫɩɟɤɬɪ, ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ 1/f ɢ ɢɧɨ- ɝɞɚ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ «ɪɨɡɨɜɵɦ ɲɭɦɨɦ». ɉɪɢɦɟɪɚɦɢ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɲɭɦɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɲɭɦ ɬɨɤɚ ɛɚɡɵ ɭ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ ɢ ɲɭɦ ɤɚɬɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ ɜ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɥɚɦɩɚɯ.

ɋɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɨɤɚ ɮɥɢɤɤɟɪ-ɲɭɦɚ, ɝɟɧɟɪɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɦ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ ɬɨɤɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɭɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɢɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ:

ɝɞɟ KF — ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɮɥɢɤɤɟɪ-ɲɭɦɚ; I — ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɬɨɤɚ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɬɨɱɤɟ ɩɨ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɦɭ ɬɨɤɭ;

AF — ɷɤɫɩɨɧɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɮɥɢɤɤɟɪ-

ɲɭɦɚ, f — ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ.

ɗɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɨɤɚ ɮɥɢɤɤɟɪ-ɲɭɦɚ, ɝɟɧɟɪɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɦ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɫɟ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ:

ɝɞɟ f2 – f1 — ɩɨɥɨɫɚ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɲɭɦɚ.

ɗɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɡɚɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɲɭɦɨɜ ɬɚɤɚɹ ɠɟ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɞɪɨɛɨɜɨɝɨ ɲɭɦɚ (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ. 6.10), ɫ ɬɟɦ ɥɢɲɶ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɟɝɨ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɟ. Ɉɛɵɱɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɢ ɲɭɦɨ- ɜɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɨɥɭɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜ ɜ Micro-CAP ɞɥɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢ- ɦɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɢɧ ɨɛɳɢɣ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɲɭɦɚ, ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɪɚɜɟɧ ɫɭɦɦɟ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɨɜ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɮɥɢɤɤɟɪ-ɲɭɦɚ ɢ ɞɪɨɛɨɜɨɝɨ ɲɭɦɚ (ɭ ɛɢɩɨɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɨɜ, ɞɢɨɞɨɜ, ɆɈɉ-ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɨɜ); ɢɥɢ ɫɭɦɦɟ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɨɜ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɬɨɤɨɜ ɮɥɢɤɤɟɪ ɢ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɝɨ ɲɭɦɨɜ (ɭ ɩɨ- ɥɟɜɵɯ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɨɜ ɢ ɥɚɦɩ).

ȼɨɨɛɳɟ ɠɟ ɨɛɳɢɣ ɲɭɦ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɧɟɤɨɪɪɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ (ɚ ɜɟɪɧɟɟ ɟɝɨ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ) ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɫɭɦɦɭ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɲɭɦɨɜ (ɤɨɪɟɧɶ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɧɵɣ ɢɡ ɫɭɦɦɵ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɨɜ ɨɬɞɟɥɶ- ɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɟɣ).

ȼ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɯ ɧɚ ɩɥɚɬɮɨɪɦɟ SPICE (ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɢ ɜ Micro-CAP) ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɲɭɦɨɜ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ.

ɧɚɥɢɡ ɲɭɦɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧ ɧɚ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɢ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɜɤɥɚɞɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ, ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɲɭɦɚ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɫɯɟɦɵ. ȼɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɲɭɦ ɪɚɫ- ɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɜɵɛɢɪɚ- ɟɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɜɚɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɫɩɢɫɤɚ Noise input ɨɤɧɚ AC Analysis Limits. ȼɵɯɨɞ- ɧɨɣ ɲɭɦ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɭɡɥɚ(ɨɜ) ɫɯɟɦɵ, ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɜ ɩɨɥɟ Noise output. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚ ɟɝɨ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɡɚɜɢɫɹɳɟɣ ɨɬ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ, ɜ ɝɪɚɮɟ Y expressions ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ONOISE.

ȼɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɲɭɦ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɣ, ɧɨ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɦ ɭɡɥɚɦ ɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɚ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɨ-ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɣ ɤɨɷɮ- ɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɨɬ ɜɯɨɞɚ (ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɜ ɩɨɥɟ Noise input) ɤ ɜɵɯɨɞɭ (ɡɚɞɚɧ- ɧɨɦɭ ɜ ɩɨɥɟ Noise output). ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚ ɟɝɨ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶ- ɧɨɣ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɡɚɜɢɫɹɳɟɣ ɨɬ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ, ɜ ɝɪɚɮɟ Y expressions ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɟ- ɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ INOISE.

ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɲɭɦɨɜ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɷɤɜɢɜɚ- ɥɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɦɚɥɨɫɢɝɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɰɟɩɢ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɟɣ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɲɭɦɚ, ɧɟɥɶɡɹ ɜ

ɨɞɧɨɦ ɢ ɬɨɦ ɠɟ ɫɟɚɧɫɟ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɫ ɲɭɦɨɜɵɦɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦɢ ɜɵɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɨɛɵɱɧɵɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɫɯɟɦɵ, ɬɚɤɢɟ ɤɚɤ ɬɨɤɢ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟ- ɧɢɹ. ȿɫɥɢ ɩɨɩɵɬɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɷɬɨ, ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɜɵɞɚɫɬ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ ɨɛ ɨɲɢɛɤɟ.

ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɲɭɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɦ, ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɨ ɮɚɡɟ ɲɭ- ɦɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɛɟɫɫɦɵɫɥɟɧɧɨɣ. ɋɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɲɭɦɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɬɨ- ɤɚ, ɢɦɟɸɳɚɹ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ ȼ2/Ƚɰ ɢɥɢ 2/Ƚɰ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɨ ɮɚɡɟ (PH) ɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɨɣ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɟ (GD) ɞɥɹ ɧɟɝɨ ɧɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ. ɋɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɥɨɬ-

ɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɲɭɦɚ ɢɡɦɟɪɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ [ȼ/ Ƚɰ], ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɨɤɚ ɲɭɦɚ — ɜ [A/ Ƚɰ].

ɉɪɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɲɭɦɚ (ɤɚɤ ɛɵɥɨ ɫɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɪɚɧɟɟ) ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɵ ɫɩɟɤ- ɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɲɭɦɚ (ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɲɭɦɨɜ) ɨɬ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɫɭɦɦɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɲɭɦɚ (ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ ȼ2/Ƚɰ) ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɚ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɭɡɥɚɦɢ ɫɯɟɦɵ, ɭɤɚɡɚɧ- ɧɵɯ ɜ ɩɨɥɟ Noise Output. ȿɫɥɢ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɜɤɥɸ- ɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ, ɬɨ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞ ɩɟɪɟɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɥɨɬ- ɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ, ɚ ɟɫɥɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɬɨɤɚ — ɬɨ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɨɤɚ. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɲɭɦɚ ɧɚ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚɯ ɢ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚɯ ɜɵɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɟ-

ɧɢɹ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɪɧɹ ɢɡ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɚ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɲɭɦɚ (ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ ȼ/ Ƚɰ) ɢɥɢ ɤɨɪɧɹ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɧɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɚ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɥɨɬ-

ɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɨɤɚ ɲɭɦɚ (ɪɚɡɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ / Ƚɰ). ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɲɭɦɨɜɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢ- ɫɬɢɤ ɫɦ. ɜ ɫɯɟɦɧɵɯ ɮɚɣɥɚɯ ɤɚɬɚɥɨɝɚ Book-mc\Analysis\Noise.

ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɫɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɥɨɜ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ- ɲɭɦ (SNR — signal to noise ratio) ɜ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɯɟɦɚɯ. ɗɬɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɫɦɵɫɥ ɥɢɲɶ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɫɵ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɦɢ:

ɝɞɟ Uc2 ɢ Ic2 — ɷɬɨ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɵ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɬɨɤɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ; Uɫm, Iɫm — ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɯɨɞ-

ɧɵɯ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ; Uɲ2 ɢ Iɲ2 — ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɵ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɬɨɤɚ ɲɭɦɚ ɜ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɫɟ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦɵɟ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ (ɩɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɲɭɦɨɜ) ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɦ:

ɝɞɟ uɲ2, iɲ2 — ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɵ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɲɭɦɨɜɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɲɭɦɨɜɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ.

ɉɨɧɹɬɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ-ɲɭɦ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɡɚɜɢɫɟɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɨɬ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ (ɱɟɦ ɨɧɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ, ɬɟɦ ɥɭɱɲɟ SNR), ɬɚɤ ɢ ɨɬ ɩɨɥɨɫɵ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɲɭɦɨɜ (ɱɟɦ ɨɧɚ ɲɢɪɟ, ɬɟɦ SNR ɯɭɠɟ, ɞɚɥɶɲɟ ɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ — ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɜɢɞɢɦ).

Ⱦɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ SNR ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɩɪɢ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɨɦ (AC) ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɟ Micro-CAP, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɪɨɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɫɟ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬ

ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɲɭɦɚ, ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨ ɜɯɨɞɭ (INOISE). Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚ- ɡɨɦ, ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɡɧɚɦɟɧɚɬɟɥɟ ɜɵɲɟɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦɭɥ ɞɥɹ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ SNR. ȼɦɟɫɬɨ ɱɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɨɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɬɨɤɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ.

ɑɬɨ ɤɚɫɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɨɫɵ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɲɭɦɚ, ɬɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɚ ɩɨɥɨɫɚ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ (ɨɰɟɧɢɜɚɟɦɚɹ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɨ ɩɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɦ –3 ɞȻ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ) ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦɚɹ ɢɡ

ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɵɱɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ.

ɂɬɚɤ, ɨɤɨɧɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɵ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ-ɲɭɦ ɜ ɞɟ- ɰɢɛɟɥɚɯ (SNR) ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɜ Micro-CAP:

ɝɞɟ SD — ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ (ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɨ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɟ) ɜ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ ɨɬ FMIN ɞɨ FMAX. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɜ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɟ ɱɚɫ- ɬɨɬɧɨɣ ɨɫɢ (ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɹɹ ɬɨɱɤɚ ɤɪɢɜɨɣ) ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɶɫɹ ɢɫɤɨɦɨɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ-ɲɭɦ ɜ ɞɟɰɢɛɟɥɚɯ (SNR [ɞȻ]) ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɨɫɵ ɩɪɨɩɭɫ- ɤɚɧɢɹ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ.

ɇɢɠɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧ ɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɲɭɦɨɜ ɜ ɨɞɧɨɤɚɫɤɚɞɧɨɦ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪ- ɧɨɦ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɟ (ɪɢɫ. 6.11).

ɇɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɩɨɥɨɫɭ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɚ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɵɱɧɵɣ AC ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɜ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɫɟ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ 1–1ȿ10 Ƚɰ. ɇɚ ɝɪɚɮɢɤ ɜɵɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɚ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɜɵ- ɯɨɞɧɨɦ ɭɡɥɟ V(out) (ɪɢɫ. 6.11, ɚ). Ɏɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɷɬɨ ɑɏ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɚ- ɱɢ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɚ ɩɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɸ. ɇɢɠɧɹɹ ɢ ɜɟɪɯɧɹɹ ɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɟ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɚ ɨɩ- ɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɸ 0.707 (-3 ɞȻ) ɨɬ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧ- ɬɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ. ȼ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ Fɧ.ɝɪ.=120 Ƚɰ, Fɜ.ɝɪ.=25 ɦȽɰ.

ɇɚ ɷɬɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɨ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɶ ɑɏ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɚ ɜ ɛɭɮɟɪɟ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɜ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɵɣ ɤɥɢɤ ɧɚ ɢɦɟɧɢ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚ V(out) ɢ ɜ ɨɬɤɪɵɜ- ɲɟɦɫɹ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɧɨɦ ɦɟɧɸ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɭ Add to Buffer. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɨɬɤɪɨ- ɟɬɫɹ ɨɤɧɨ Waveform Buffer Add, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɦɵɣ ɝɪɚɮɢɤ. Ⱦɥɹ ɟɝɨ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɧɚɠɚɬɶ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ OK. ɋɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɛɭɮɟɪɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ. ɋɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɭ

Scope>Waveform Buffer>Save a Waveform to the Buffer (>Save Waveform to the Buffer), ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɢɡ ɫɩɢɫɤɚ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɦɵɣ ɝɪɚɮɢɤ.

ɜ

Ɋɢɫ. 6.11. ɧɚɥɢɡ ɲɭɦɨɜ ɜ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɟ

ȼɬɨɪɨɣ ɷɬɚɩ — ɷɬɨ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɢ ɟɫɬɶ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɲɭɦɨɜ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɜ ɨɤɧɟ ɡɚ-

ɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɜɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɝɪɚɮɢɤ ɡɚɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟ INOISE ɢ ONOISE, ɚ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ Fmin, Fmax ɡɚɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɵɟ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ Fɝɪ.ɧ., Fɝɪ.ɜ. (ɪɢɫ. 6.11, ɛ).

Ɂɚɞɚɞɢɦ ɜɵɜɨɞ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɲɭɦɚ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɫɯɟɦɵ (INOISE, ONOISE); ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ-ɲɭɦ ɜ ɞȻ SNRu (6.2), ɞɟɣɫɬ- ɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɲɭɦɚ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɫɯɟɦɵ (6.1). ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ SNRu ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɚ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɨɣ .Define ɧɚ ɩɨɥɟ ɫɯɟɦɵ (ɪɢɫ. 6.11, ɜ). ȼ ɨɤɧɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɦɧɨɝɨɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ Stepping ɡɚɞɚɞɢɦ ɫɩɢ-

ɫɤɨɦ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɵ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ Vm: 0.2mV, 1mV, 5mV. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɡɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ. Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ-ɲɭɦ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɯ 3-ɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɧɚɞɨ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ SNRu ɧɚ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɟ Fmax. ȼɵɩɨɥɧɢɦ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɭ Scope>Label Frequency Points… ȼ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɲɟɦɫɹ ɨɤɧɟ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɦ ɜɟɪɯɧɸɸ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɭ 25Meg, ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɦ ɨɩɰɢɢ On ɢ Label Value ɢ ɧɚɠɢɦɚɟɦ ɈɄ. ɇɚ- ɛɥɸɞɚɟɦ ɧɚ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɟ 3 ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ SNR ɜ ɞȻ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ (ɪɢɫ. 6.11, ɜ).

Ⱦɥɹ ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɑɏ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɚ, ɪɚɧɟɟ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɧɭɸ ɜ ɛɭɮɟɪɟ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɚ Scope>Waveform Buffer…

(Ctrl+Shift+B, ), ɫɥɟɞɨɦ ɡɚ ɷɬɢɦ ɢɡ ɫɩɢɫɤɚ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɣ ɝɪɚ- ɮɢɤ ɢ ɧɚɠɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ Plot Now. Ƚɪɚɮɢɤ ɩɨɹɜɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɧɨɜɨɦ 4-ɦ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɨɤɧɟ, ɞɥɹ ɟɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ, ɫɤɚɠɟɦ, ɜɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɟ ɨɤɧɨ, ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɪɟɞɚɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɭɫ-

ɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ AC Analysis Limits (ɪɢɫ. 6.11, ɛ).

ȼɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɶ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ-ɲɭɦ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ. Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɹ- ɟɬɫɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɲɭɦɚ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɫɟ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ 0–Fɜ.ɝɪ (3-ɢɣ ɝɪɚɮɢɤ ɪɢɫ. 6.11, ɜ). Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ:

Ɍɚɤ ɞɥɹ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɨɣ Vm=1mV ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦ:

ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɲɭɦɨɜɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɫɦ. ɜ ɫɯɟɦɧɵɯ ɮɚɣɥɚɯ ɤɚɬɚɥɨ-

ɝɚ Analysis\Noise.

6.2.6. Ⱦɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɸ AC ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ

Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɨɫ- ɬɟɪɟɠɟɧɢɹ, ɤɚɫɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ AC ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ.

ȼɵɜɨɞ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɜ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɵ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ, ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɝɪɚɮɟ

Y Expression

Ⱦɥɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɬɨɤɢ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɟ ɜɟ- ɥɢɱɢɧɵ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ, ɟɫɥɢ, ɤ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɭ, ɡɚɞɚɧɨ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ V(OUT), ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɣ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ:

1)ȿɫɥɢ IM(V(OUT))=0, ɬɨ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧ ɝɪɚɮɢɤ RE(V(OUT));

2)ȿɫɥɢ IM(V(OUT)) 0, ɬɨ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧ ɝɪɚɮɢɤ MAG(V(OUT)) (ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭ- ɞɵ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɭɡɥɟ OUT).

ɉɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɵɯ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɟɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɯ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɟɣ

ȼɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɟ ɜ AC ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ, ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬ ɤ ɩɨ- ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɸ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɜ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɨɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɯ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧ- ɬɨɜ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ:

PD(R1) — ɦɨɞɭɥɶ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ, ɪɚɫɫɟɢɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɜ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɟ R1; PS(C1) — ɦɨɞɭɥɶ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ, ɡɚɩɚɫɚɟɦɨɣ ɜ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɟ C1; PS(D1) — ɦɨɞɭɥɶ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ, ɡɚɩɚɫɚɟɦɨɣ ɜ ɞɢɨɞɟ D1; PD(D1) — ɦɨɞɭɥɶ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ, ɪɚɫɫɟɢɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɜ ɞɢɨɞɟ D1; PG(V1) — ɦɨɞɭɥɶ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ, ɝɟɧɟɪɢɪɭɟɦɨɣ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ V1; PGT — ɦɨɞɭɥɶ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɝɟɧɟɪɢɪɭɟɦɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ;

PST — ɦɨɞɭɥɶ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɡɚɩɚɫɚɟɦɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ; PDT — ɦɨɞɭɥɶ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɪɚɫɫɟɢɜɚɟɦɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ.

Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɡɚɞɚɬɶ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɜ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɦɚɥɨɫɢɝɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ, ɡɚɩɚɫɚɟɦɨɣ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɨɦ C1 ɢ ɤɚɬɭɲɤɨɣ L1, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɬɶ V(C1)*I(C1) ɢ V(L1)*I(L1) ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɚ- ɮɢɤɚ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ, ɩɨɞɜɨɞɢɦɨɣ ɤ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɦ ɭɡɥɚɦ A ɢ B ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯɩɨɥɸɫɧɢɤɚ ɦɨɠ- ɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɬɶ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ (V(A,B))*I(V1), ɝɞɟ V1 — ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɧɭɥɟɜɨɣ ɗȾɋ, ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɢɡ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɡɚɠɢɦɨɜ.

ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ (Operating point)

ȿɫɥɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɹɜɧɨ ɧɟɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ, ɭɛɟɞɢɬɟɫɶ, ɱɬɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶ- ɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɧɵɟ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧ ɮɥɚɠɨɤ Operating point. Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɫɨɜɟɬɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɢɤɨɝɞɚ ɧɟ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɚɬɶ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɮɥɚɝ ɜ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɦɚɥɨɫɢɝɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɫɦɵɫɥ ɥɢɲɶ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ, ɚ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɯ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɨɥɭ- ɱɢɬɶɫɹ ɧɟɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɵɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ.

ɇɭɥɟɜɨɣ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ

ɇɭɥɟɜɨɣ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɤɨɜ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɹɜɢɬɶɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɫɬ-

ɜɢɟɦ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɫ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɨɣ ɢɥɢ, ɟɫɥɢ ɨɧ ɜɫɟ ɠɟ ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ, ɬɨ ɧɭɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɟɝɨ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɵ. ɇɟɨɛɯɨ- ɞɢɦɨ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɬɢɩɚ PULSE ɢ SINE sources ɩɨ ɭɦɨɥɱɚ- ɧɢɸ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɟɞɢɧɢɱɧɭɸ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɭ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɞɥɹ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɠɢ- ɦɚ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ. Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ (Function sources) ɝɟɧɟɪɢɪɭɸɬ ɝɚɪɦɨ- ɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɨɡɦɭɳɟɧɢɟ, ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɟ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɨɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɦ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɩɨɥɟ ɚɬ- ɪɢɛɭɬɚ FREQ. Ⱦɪɭɝɢɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɧɟ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɭɦɟɜɚɸɬ ɜɵɞɚɱɭ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ, ɢɥɢ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɧɭɥɟɜɭɸ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɭ, ɩɪɢɧɹɬɭɸ ɩɨ ɭɦɨɥɱɚɧɢɸ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɞɥɹ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɦɭɳɟɧɢɹ, ɱɚɳɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɭɡ- ɥɚɦ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ PULSE ɢɥɢ SINE.

Ɉɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɲɚɝɚ ɩɨ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɟ

(Auto Frequency step) ɢ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ (Auto Scale Ranges)

ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɟɪɜɨɟ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɝɪɭɛɵɦ (ɝɪɚɮɢɤ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɥɨɦɚɧɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɢ). ɗɬɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɨɬɨɦɭ, ɱɬɨ ɡɚɪɚɧɟɟ ɧɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɟɧ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛ ɩɨ ɨɫɢ Y, ɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɢɳɟɬ ɧɟɤɨɟ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɝɪɭɛɨɟ ɩɪɢ- ɛɥɢɠɟɧɧɨɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ, ɧɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɜɵɛɨɪ ɲɚɝɚ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦ ɲɤɚɥɵ ɜ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɟɳɟ ɧɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɟɧ. ɉɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɢ ɜ ɧɚɞ- ɥɟɠɚɳɢɣ ɜɢɞ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɦɢ:

1.ɉɨɜɬɨɪɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɡɚɩɭɫɤɚɬɶ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ, ɧɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɟɝɨ ɩɚɪɚ- ɦɟɬɪɚɯ, ɞɨ ɬɟɯ ɩɨɪ, ɩɨɤɚ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɢ ɧɟ ɫɬɚɧɭɬ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɬɨɱɧɵɦɢ;

2.ɉɨɫɥɟ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɛɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚ ɫɧɹɬɶ ɮɥɚɠɨɤ Auto Scale Ranges ɢ ɩɟ- ɪɟɡɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ.

ɉɥɨɫɤɢɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɩɪɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ ɪɟɠɟɤɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɨɥɨɫɨɜɵɯ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɨɜ

Ɍɚɤɨɣ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬɫɹ, ɟɫɥɢ ɲɚɝ ɩɨ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɟ ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ ɜɟɥɢɤ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɤ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɭ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɡɤɨɣ ɨɛ- ɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɨɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ (ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚɧɢɹ). Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɧɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɢɪɭɸɳɟɦ ɝɪɚɮɢ- ɤɟ ɨɧɚ ɧɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɜɢɞɧɚ. Ɉɛɵɱɧɨ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɦɵɣ ɞɢɚ- ɩɚɡɨɧ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ ɧɚɦɧɨɝɨ (ɧɚ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɨɜ) ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɛ- ɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɨɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ (ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚɧɢɹ). Ⱦɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɢɡɛɚɜɢɬɶɫɹ ɨɬ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɯ ɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɥɢɛɨ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɢɬɶ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɭ ɚɧɚɥɢ- ɡɚ (Fmin) ɛɥɢɠɟ ɤ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ, ɥɢɛɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧ- ɧɵɣ ɲɚɝ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ. ȼɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɲɚɝɚ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ ɲɢ- ɪɢɧɵ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɨɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ (ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚɧɢɹ). ɗɬɨ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɥɢɛɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚ Number of Points, ɥɢɛɨ ɫɭɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɚ, ɩɨɫɟɪɟɞɢ- ɧɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɬɶɫɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɢɡɛɢɪɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɮɢɥɶɬɪɚ. ɋɦ.

ɩɪɢɦɟɪ ACsample.cir ɢɡ ɤɚɬɚɥɨɝɚ Analysis\AC.

6.3. Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɩɨ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɦɭ ɬɨɤɭ

ȼɵɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɨɣ ANALYSIS>DC ɢɥɢ Alt+3

Ɉɛɳɢɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ

ȼ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ DC ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɩɨ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧ- ɧɨɦɭ ɬɨɤɭ. Ʉɨ ɜɯɨɞɚɦ ɰɟɩɢ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɨɞɢɧ ɢɥɢ ɞɜɚ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢ- ɤɚ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɬɨɤɚ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɡɥɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɬɨɤ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɜɟɬɜɶ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨ- ɪɭɸ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪ. ɉɪɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɟ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ DC ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɡɚɤɨɪɚɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɢɧ-

ɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ, ɢɫɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɢɡ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɵ ɢ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɩɨ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɦɭ ɬɨɤɭ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɯ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɩɪɢ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɦɨ- ɠɟɬ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɚɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ, ɚ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɢ ɞɜɭɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ — ɫɟɦɟɣɫɬɜɨ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɬɪɚɧɡɢ- ɫɬɨɪɚ. Ʉɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɪɟɠɢɦ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ DC ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɷɬɢɯ ɞɜɭɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ: ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɥɶɬɚɦɩɟɪɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɩɨɥɭɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜ (ɫɦ. ɤɚɬɚɥɨɝ ɫɯɟɦ Analysis\DC\ȼȺɏɢ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜ ɢ ɫɯɟɦ- ɧɵɣ ɮɚɣɥ IGBT.cir ɢɡ ɤɚɬɚɥɨɝɚ Analysis\DC) ɢ ɫɧɹɬɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟ- ɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ, ɧɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɪɟɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ

(ɫɦ. ɫɯɟɦɵ diffamp.cir, MOSdiff.cir, UA741.cir, UA709.cir, RCA3040.cir ɢɡ ɤɚɬɚɥɨ-

ɝɚ Analysis\DC).

ɉɨɫɥɟ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦ DC, ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ Micro-Cap ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɟɬ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶ- ɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɫɯɟɦɵ. ɉɪɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɨɲɢɛɨɤ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɩɨɥɨɝɢɱɟ- ɫɤɨɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɤ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɭ ɧɟɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɯ

ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɣ ɢɬɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɇɶɸɬɨɧɚ-Ɋɚɮɫɨɧɚ ɢ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɤɧɨ ɡɚ- ɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ DC Analysis Limits.

6.3.1.Ɂɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ DC Analysis Limits

ȼɨɤɧɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɩɨ ɩɨ- ɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɦɭ ɬɨɤɭ, ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɦ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 6.12, ɢɦɟɸɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɵ:

Ʉɨɦɚɧɞɵ ɨɤɧɚ DC Analysis Limits

Run — ɡɚɩɭɫɤ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɓɟɥɱɨɤ ɧɚ ɩɢɤɬɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ ɜ ɫɬɪɨɤɟ ɢɧ- ɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɟ F2 ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ. Ɇɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ

ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɜ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɟɦ ɧɚ ɩɢɤɬɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ

ɢɥɢ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɭ Esc. ɉɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɹ ɧɚ ɩɢɤɬɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɩɪɟ- ɪɵɜɚɸɬ ɢ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɸɬ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ;

Add — ɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɟɳɟ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɨɤɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɜɵɜɨɞɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɫɬɪɨɤɢ, ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɭɪɫɨɪɨɦ. ɇɚ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɬɪɨɤɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɚ- ɮɢɤɨɜ. ɉɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɫɬɪɨɤ, ɧɟ ɭɦɟɳɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɧɚ ɷɤɪɚɧɟ, ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɥɢɧɟɣɤɚ ɩɪɨɤɪɭɬɤɢ.

Delete — ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɪɨɤɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɜɵɜɨɞɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ, ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧ- ɧɨɣ ɤɭɪɫɨɪɨɦ.

Expand — ɨɬɤɪɵɬɢɟ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɤɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɜɜɨɞɚ ɫɬɪɨɤɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɤɭɪɫɨɪɚ ɜ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɝɪɚɮ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ,

ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ Y Expression;

Stepping — ɨɬɤɪɵɬɢɟ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɤɧɚ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɜɚɪɢɚɰɢɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ; Properties — ɨɬɤɪɵɬɢɟ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɤɧɚ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɜɵɜɨɞɚ ɪɟ-

ɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ (ɨɤɨɧ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɜ, ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɯ ɧɚɞɩɢɫɟɣ, ɬɨɥɳɢɧɵ ɢ ɰɜɟɬɚ ɥɢɧɢɣ ɢ ɞɪ.);

Help — ɜɵɡɨɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚ DC Analysis.

ɑɢɫɥɨɜɵɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɨɤɧɚ DC Analysis Limits

Variable 1 — ɡɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɜɚɪɶɢɪɭɟɦɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ.

ȼ ɝɪɚɮɟ Method ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɜɚɪɶɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ:

Auto — ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦɵɣ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ c ɰɟɥɶɸ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɤ ɬɨɱɤɟ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚ ɜ % ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ, ɱɟɦ ɜ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɜ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ Maximum

Change.

Linear — ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɣ, ɡɚɞɚɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɜ ɝɪɚɮɟ Range ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɭ <end>[,<start>[,<step>]. ȿɫɥɢ ɨɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪ Step (ɲɚɝ), ɬɨ ɲɚɝ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɪɢ- ɧɹɬ ɪɚɜɧɵɦ (start–end)/50. ȿɫɥɢ ɨɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪ Start, ɬɨ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟ- ɧɢɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɪɢɪɚɜɧɟɧɨ ɤ ɧɭɥɸ. ɉɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ Variable 1 ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɨɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ start. ɉɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɬ- ɫɹ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɲɚɝɚ step ɢ ɬɚɤ ɞɨ ɬɟɯ ɩɨɪ, ɩɨɤɚ ɧɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɭɬɨ ɤɨɧɟɱ- ɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ end.

Log — ɥɨɝɚɪɢɮɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ, ɡɚɞɚɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɜ ɝɪɚɮɟ Range ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɭ

<end>[,<start>[,<step>]]. ɉɨ ɭɦɨɥɱɚɧɢɸ Start ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ end/10, Step — exp(ln(end/start)/10)=(end/start)1/10. ɉɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ Variable 1 ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɨɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ start. ɉɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵ-