Микросхемотехника / amelina_m_a_amelin_s_a_programma_shemotehnicheskogo_modeliro
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5. Ɇɨɞɟɥɢ ɧ ɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ |
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5. ɇɨɜɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ ɬɟɩɟɪɶ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɵ ɜ ɪɟɞɚɤɬɨɪɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ, ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɨɦ ɦɚɫɬɟɪɚ. Ⱦɜɨɣɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ ɞɚɫɬ ɭɜɟɪɟɧ- ɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɍȽɈ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɨɞɤɚ ɧɚ ɧɟɦ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɯ ɜɵɜɨɞɨɜ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɚ. ȼɵɞɟ- ɥɢɬɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ, ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɧɚɠɦɢɬɟ ɢɤɨɧɤɭ Info ɧɚ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ. ɗɬɨ ɩɨɤɚɠɟɬ SPICE-ɬɟɤɫɬ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɢ ɩɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɯ ɜɵɜɨɞɨɜ. ɉɨɞɬɹɧɢɬɟ ɦɵɲɶɸ ɤɪɚɫ- ɧɵɟ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɧɚ ɧɭɠɧɵɟ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɜɵ ɪɟɞɚɤɬɢɪɭɟɬɟ ɲɚɛɥɨɧ ɢɦɩɨɪ- ɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ ɬɨɱɧɨ ɬɚɤ, ɤɚɤ ɥɸɛɨɝɨ ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ, ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɜ ɛɢɛ- ɥɢɨɬɟɤɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ. Ⱦɥɹ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ AD827 ɢ IRFE330 ɧɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬ ɞɨɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ. Ɇɨɞɟɥɶ AD8145, ɱɟɣ ɫɬɚɬɭɫ «Needs Work», ɧɭɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɝɨ ɍȽɈ (shape) ɢ ɪɚɡɜɨɞɤɢ ɧɚ ɧɟɦ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɯ ɜɵɜɨɞɨɜ ɦɢɤɪɨɫɯɟɦɵ. Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɍȽɈ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, Opamp7d, ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɩɨɞ- ɬɹɧɭɬɶ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɤɨɧɰɚɦ ɜɵɜɨɞɨɜ ɍȽɈ, ɡɚɜɟɪɲɢɜ ɬɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɢɦɩɨɪɬ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ AD8145.
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɢ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɨɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɶ Component Editor ɫ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɞɟɥɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ.
Ɇɚɤɪɨɦɨɞɟɥɶ-ɩɨɞɫɯɟɦɚ ɩɨɦɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɟɦɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ ɨɛɵɱɧɵɦ ɫɩɨ- ɫɨɛɨɦ.
ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɚɤɪɨɦɨɞɟɥɢ — ɩɨɞɫɯɟɦɵ SPICE ɫɦ. ɫɯɟɦɧɵɟ ɮɚɣɥɵ subckt1.cir ɢ pla2.cir ɢɡ ɤɚɬɚɥɨɝɚ
Components\Macro.
5.7. ɗɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɚɧɢɦɚɰɢɢ
Ʉɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ ɚɧɢɦɚɰɢɢ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ, ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ, ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɰɜɟɬɚ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɰɢɢ, ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɯ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɨɜ ɢ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ
ɨɬɜɟɬ ɧɚ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɦɚɧɢɩɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ ɫɨ ɫɯɟɦɨɣ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɤɥɢɤɨɜ ɦɵɲɢ. ȼ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɨɧɢ ɢɦɢɬɢɪɭɸɬ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɢɛɨɪ ɩɨ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɭ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ. ȼɵɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɭɤɚɡɚɧ- ɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ Component>Animation…
5.7.1. Ⱥɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɚɹ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɥɢɧɟɣɤɚ (Animated analog bar)
Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ ɫɯɟɦ Micro-Cap x ɬɪɢɛɭɬ PART: <ɢɦɹ>
ɉɪɢɦɟɪ: BAR1
xɬɪɢɛɭɬ LOW <ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ>
xɬɪɢɛɭɬ HIGH <ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ>
ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɚɹ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɥɢɧɟɣɤɚ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɫɜɟɬɹɳɢɣɫɹ ɫɬɨɥɛɢɤ, ɜɵɫɨɬɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶ- ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɸ. Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɜɧɨ
<ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸ>, ɜɵɫɨɬɚ ɫɜɟɬɹɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɫɬɨɥɛɢɤɚ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɚ, ɤɨɝɞɚ — <ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸ>, ɜɵɫɨɬɚ ɫɜɟɬɹɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɫɬɨɥɛɢɤɚ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚ. ɋɦ. ɫɯɟɦɧɵɣ ɮɚɣɥ animated analog bar.cir ɢɡ ɤɚɬɚɥɨɝɚ
Components\Animation.
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Bar1
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Ɋɢɫ. 5.54. ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɚɹ
ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɥɢɧɟɣɤɚ
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ɉɪɨɝɪ ɦɦ ɫɯɟɦɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜ ɧɢɹ Micro-Cap. ȼɟɪɫɢɢ 9, 10 |
5.7.2. ɐɜɟɬɧɵɟ ɫɜɟɬɨɞɢɨɞɵ (Animated analog LED)
Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ ɫɯɟɦ Micro-Cap x ɬɪɢɛɭɬ PART: <ɢɦɹ>
ɉɪɢɦɟɪ:
LED2
x ɬɪɢɛɭɬ COLOR <ɰɜɟɬ ɫɜɟɱɟɧɢɹ>, <ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ>, <ɬɨɤ ɫɜɟɱɟɧɢɹ>, [rs], [cjo]
ɉɪɢɦɟɪ: Red,1.7,0.015,250m,30p
Led2
Yellow ,2.0,0.015,.5,20p
Ɋɢɫ. 5.55. ɋɜɟɬɨɞɢɨɞɧɵɟ
ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɵ
ɧɢɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɰɜɟɬɧɵɟ ɫɜɟɬɨɞɢɨɞɵ — ɞɢɨɞɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɸɬ ɫɜɟ- ɬɢɬɶɫɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɰɜɟɬɨɦ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɤ ɧɢɦ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɨ ɩɪɹɦɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ, ɧɟ ɦɟɧɶɲɟɟ ɱɟɦ <ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ>. ɉɪɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɨɧɢ ɡɚ- ɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɸ ɨɛɵɱɧɨɝɨ ɞɢɨɞɚ, ɩɪɹɦɨɟ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɩɪɹ- ɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɢ ɩɪɹɦɨɣ ɬɨɤ ɫɜɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ <ɧɚ-
ɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ> ɢ <ɬɨɤ ɫɜɟɱɟɧɢɹ> ɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ RS=[rs]
ɢ CJO=[cjo].
ȼɵɛɨɪ ɰɜɟɬɚ ɫɜɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɚɥɢɬɪɨɣ, ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦɨɣ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟ- ɥɟɦ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɨɣ ɫ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ <ɰɜɟɬ ɫɜɟɱɟɧɢɹ>. Ⱦɥɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɰɜɟɬɚ ɫɜɟɱɟ- ɧɢɹ ɫɜɟɬɨɞɢɨɞɚ ɫɞɟɥɚɣɬɟ ɧɚ ɧɟɦ ɞɜɨɣɧɨɣ ɤɥɢɤ ɦɵɲɶɸ, ɡɚɬɟɦ ɤɥɢɤɧɢɬɟ ɨɞɢɧ ɪɚɡ ɧɚ ɩɨɥɟ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɚ COLOR, ɚ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ — ɧɚ ɤɧɨɩɤɟ LED Color. ɉɨɹɜɢɬɫɹ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɟ ɨɤɧɨ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɫɜɟɬɨɞɢɨɞ ɫ ɧɭɠɧɵɦ ɰɜɟɬɨɦ ɫɜɟ- ɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɛɚɜɢɬɶ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɬɢɩɵ. ɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɢɠɟ ɬɢɩɵ ɫɜɟɬɨɞɢɨɞɨɜ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɨɣ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ Micro-Cap:
YELLOW, 2.0, 15m, 500m, 20pF
GREEN, 2.1, 15m, 500m, 20pF
BLUE, 3.4, 12m, 500m, 20pF
RED, 1.7, 15m, 500m, 20pF
Ⱦɥɹ ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɫɦ. ɫɯɟɦɧɵɟ ɮɚɣɥɵ anim6.cir, animated analog led.cir ɢɡ ɤɚɬɚɥɨɝɚ Components\Animation (book-mc.rar).
5.7.3. Ⱦɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ (Animated DC motor)
Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ ɫɯɟɦ Micro-Cap |
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Motor3 |
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x ɬɪɢɛɭɬ PART: <ɢɦɹ> |
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ɉɪɢɦɟɪ: |
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MOTOR1 |
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x ɬɪɢɛɭɬ RPSPV <ɨɛɨɪɨɬɨɜ ɜ ɫɟɤɭɧɞɭ ɧɚ ɜɨɥɶɬ> |
RPSPV=1 |
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ɉɪɢɦɟɪ: 1 |
Ɋɢɫ. 5.56. Ⱦɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶ |
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x ɬɪɢɛɭɬ RMOTOR <ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ> |
ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ |
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x ɬɪɢɛɭɬ LMOTOR <ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ> |
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Ⱦɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ ɜɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɭɝɥɨɜɨɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɸ, ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨ- ɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɭɪɨɜɧɸ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ. ɋɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɛɨɪɨɬɚɯ ɜ ɫɟ- ɤɭɧɞɭ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ:
Z=<ɜɯɨɞɧɨɟ ɧ ɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ> <ɨɛɨɪɨɬɨɜ ɜ ɫɟɤɭɧɞɭ ɧ ɜɨɥɶɬ>.
5. Ɇɨɞɟɥɢ ɧ ɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ |
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Ʉɚɤ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ, ɦɨɬɨɪ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɨɣ <ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ>, ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨ-
ɫɬɶɸ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɨɣ <ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɹ>.
ɇɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɜɵɜɨɞɟ Velocity ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɭɝɥɨɜɭɸ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɛɨɪɨɬɚɯ ɜ ɫɟɤɭɧɞɭ, ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɭɸ ɜ ɜɨɥɶɬɚɯ.
ɉɊȿȾɍɉɊȿɀȾȿɇɂȿ. ȿɫɥɢ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɪɨɬɨɪɚ ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ ɜɵɫɨɤɚ, ɬɨ ɟɝɨ ɢɡɨ- ɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɨɩɚɞɚɬɶ. ȼɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɜ 10 ɨɛ./ɫ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɸ, ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɡɚɦɟɬɧɨ ɭɝɥɨɜɨɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɪɨɬɨɪɚ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ ɫɦ. ɫɯɟɦɧɵɣ ɮɚɣɥ animated dc motor.cir ɢɡ ɤɚɬɚɥɨɝɚ Components\Animation (book-mc.rar).
5.7.4. Ʉɥɸɱɢ ɬɢɩɚ DPST, SPDT, SPST
(Animated DPST Switch, Animated SPDT Switch, Animated SPST switch)
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ɬɪɢɛɭɬ RON: <ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ RON> |
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Ɋɢɫ. 5.57. Ʉɥɸɱɢ ɫ «ɪɭɱɧɵɦ» |
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xɬɪɢɛɭɬ ROFF: <ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ROFF>
ɉɪɢɦɟɪ: 1E12
xɬɪɢɛɭɬ GROUP: <<ɢɦɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ> | NOT <ɢɦɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ>>
ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ: Group1
NOT Group22
Ⱦɜɨɣɧɨɣ ɤɥɢɤ ɦɵɲɶɸ ɧɚ ɤɥɸɱɚɯ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ SPST ɢ DPST ɤɥɸɱɟɣ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɪɚɡɨɦɤɧɭɬɵɦ (OPEN) ɢ ɡɚɦɤɧɭɬɵɦ (CLOSED); ɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɩɟ- ɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɬɟɥɹ SPDT — ɦɟɠɞɭ ɜɟɪɯɧɢɦ (UP) ɢ ɧɢɠɧɢɦ (DOWN) ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɦ. ȼɫɟ ɤɥɸɱɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɦ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɨɦ, ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɜɨ ɜɤɥɸ- ɱɟɧɧɨɦ ɢ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɤɥɸɱɚ ɪɚɜɧɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ Ron (ɩɨ ɭɦɨɥ- ɱɚɧɢɸ 0.001) ɢ Roff (ɩɨ ɭɦɨɥɱɚɧɢɸ 1E15). Ⱦɜɨɣɧɨɣ ɤɥɢɤ ɦɵɲɶɸ ɪɹɞɨɦ ɫ ɷɥɟ- ɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɟ ɨɤɧɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɨɜ. Ⱦɜɨɣɧɨɣ ɤɥɢɤ ɧɚ ɤɥɸɱɟ, ɢɦɟɸɳɟɦ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬ GROUP, ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɫɦɟɧɭ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɤɥɸɱɟɣ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ. ȿɫɥɢ <ɢɦɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ> ɜ ɩɨɥɟ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɚ GROUP ɩɪɟɞɜɚ- ɪɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɨɜɨɦ NOT, ɤɥɸɱ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɨ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɤɥɸɱɚɦ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɫɦ. ɫɯɟɦɧɵɣ ɮɚɣɥ anim5.cir ɢɡ ɤɚɬɚɥɨɝɚ
Components\Animation (book-mc.rar).
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ɉɪɨɝɪ ɦɦ ɫɯɟɦɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜ ɧɢɹ Micro-Cap. ȼɟɪɫɢɢ 9, 10 |
5.7.5. ȼɨɥɶɬɚɦɩɟɪɦɟɬɪ (Animated meter)
Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ ɫɯɟɦ Micro-Cap:
xɬɪɢɛɭɬ PART: <ɢɦɹ>
ɉɪɢɦɟɪ: METER1
xɬɪɢɛɭɬ LOW: <ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ>
xɬɪɢɛɭɬ HIGH: <ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ>
xɬɪɢɛɭɬ SCALE: < T | MEG | k | m | u | n | p | f >
xɬɪɢɛɭɬ AUTOSCALE: <ON | OFF>
xɬɪɢɛɭɬ ANALOG_OR_DIGITAL: <ANALOG | DIGITAL>
xɬɪɢɛɭɬ AMPS_OR_VOLTS: <AMPS | VOLTS>
xɬɪɢɛɭɬ INPUT_RESISTANCE: <Rin>
Ɋɢɫ. 5.58. ɂɡɦɟɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɢɛɨɪ
ɧɢɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɢɡɦɟɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɢɛɨɪ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɥɢɛɨ ɚɦɩɟɪ- ɦɟɬɪ, ɥɢɛɨ ɜɨɥɶɬɦɟɬɪ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ, ɤɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɦɢ ɥɢɛɨ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɦɢ. Ɍɢɩ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ (ɚɦɩɟɪɦɟɬɪ ɢɥɢ ɜɨɥɶɬɦɟɬɪ), ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɟɝɨ ɜɢɞ (ɚɧɚɥɨ- ɝɨɜɵɣ ɥɢɛɨ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ) ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɜɨɣɧɵɦ ɤɥɢɤɨɦ ɦɵɲɢ ɧɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬ- ɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɧɚɞɩɢɫɹɯ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɟɝɨ ɍȽɈ. Ⱦɜɨɣɧɨɣ ɤɥɢɤ ɦɵɲɢ ɧɚ ɧɚɞɩɢɫɢ «Autoscale» ɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɟɣ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɚ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɟɝɨ ɪɟɠɢ- ɦɵ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹɦɢ: ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚ ɲɤɚ- ɥɵ ɢ ɪɭɱɧɵɦ. ȼ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɪɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚ ɲɤɚɥɵ (manual scaling) ɧɢɠɧɢɣ ɩɪɟɞɟɥ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɚ LOW, ɚ ɜɟɪɯɧɢɣ — ɩɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɚ HIGH. ɐɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɢɛɨɪ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɚɜ- ɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚ ɲɤɚɥɵ (autoscaling).
Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɚ SCALE ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɨ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɬɨɝɞɚ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬ AUTOSCALE ɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧ (OFF) ɢ ɜɵɛɪɚɧ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɢɡɦɟɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɢɛɨɪ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɩɪɢ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɦ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɢ 8000ȼ, ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬ SCALE, ɪɚɜɧɵɣ k, ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɬ ɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɸ ɫɬɪɟɥɤɢ ɜɨɥɶɬɦɟɬɪɚ ɧɚ ɰɢɮɪɟ 8 ɩɪɢ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɦ ɩɪɟɞɟ- ɥɟ ɲɤɚɥɵ 10000 ɢ ɧɢɠɧɟɦ 0 (LOW=0 ɢ HIGH=10000), ɬ.ɟ. ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɵ- ɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɢɥɨɜɨɥɶɬɚɯ.
ȼ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɜɨɥɶɬɦɟɬɪɚ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨ ɟɝɨ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɦ ɤɥɟɦɦɚɦ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɟ- ɡɢɫɬɨɪ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɨɣ Rin. ȿɫɥɢ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ Rin ɧɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɨ, ɬɨ ɨɧɨ ɩɪɢɧɢ- ɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɜɧɵɦ 1/GMIN.
Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɩɪɢɛɨɪ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɚɦɩɟɪɦɟɬɪɚ, ɟɝɨ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟ- ɧɢɟ ɪɚɜɧɨ 0.001 Ɉɦ.
5. Ɇɨɞɟɥɢ ɧ ɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ |
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Ⱦɥɹ ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɫɦ. ɫɯɟɦɧɵɣ ɮɚɣɥ animated meter.cir ɢɡ ɤɚɬɚɥɨɝɚ Components\Animation (book-mc.rar).
5.7.6. ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɟ ɪɟɥɟ (Animated relay)
Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ ɫɯɟɦ Micro-Cap: x ɬɪɢɛɭɬ PART: <ɢɦɹ>
ɉɪɢɦɟɪ: RELAY1
xɬɪɢɛɭɬ LIN: <ɜɯɨɞɧɚɹ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ>
xɬɪɢɛɭɬ RIN: <ɜɯɨɞɧɨɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ>
xɬɪɢɛɭɬ ION: <ɜɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɬɨɤ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ>
xɬɪɢɛɭɬ IOFF: <ɜɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɬɨɤ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ>
Relay1
Ɋɢɫ. 5.59.
ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɟ ɪɟɥɟ
xɬɪɢɛɭɬ RON: <ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ>
xɬɪɢɛɭɬ ROFF: <ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ>
xɬɪɢɛɭɬ BIDIRECTIONAL: <YES | NO>
Ʉɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ animated relay ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ SPST-ɪɟɥɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɪɟɚɝɢ- ɪɭɟɬ ɧɚ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ. Ɉɧɨ ɜɟɞɟɬ ɫɟɛɹ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɨ ɬɨɤɨɜɨɦɭ W-ɤɥɸɱɭ ɫ ɩɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ. ȼɯɨɞɧɚɹ ɰɟɩɶ ɪɟɥɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜ- ɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɨɣ <ɜɯɨɞɧɚɹ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ> ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɚɹ ɫ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɨɦ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɨɣ <ɜɯɨɞɧɨɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ>.
Ⱦɥɹ ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɫɦ. ɫɯɟɦɧɵɣ ɮɚɣɥ anim7.cir ɢɡ ɤɚɬɚɥɨɝɚ
Components\Animation (book-mc.rar).
ɍɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ
ȿɫɥɢ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬ BIDIRECTIONAL ɪɚɜɟɧ NO, ɬɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɬɨɤ IC=(ɬɨɤ, ɜɬɟɤɚɸɳɢɣ ɜ ɩɥɸɫɨɜɨɣ ɜɵɜɨɞ), ɢɧɚɱɟ IC=ABS(ɬɨɤ, ɜɬɟɤɚɸɳɢɣ ɜ ɩɥɸɫɨɜɨɣ ɜɵɜɨɞ).
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RS — ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɥɸɱɚ |
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ɉɪɢ ION>IOFF |
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ȿɫɥɢ IC IOFF, |
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ȿɫɥɢ IOFF<IC<ION, |
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ȿɫɥɢ IOFF>IC>ION, |
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246 |
ɉɪɨɝɪ ɦɦ ɫɯɟɦɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜ ɧɢɹ Micro-Cap. ȼɟɪɫɢɢ 9, 10 |
5.7.7. Ɍɪɟɯɰɜɟɬɧɵɣ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪ (Animated traffic light)
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Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ ɫɯɟɦ Micro-Cap |
Light1 |
x |
ɬɪɢɛɭɬ PART: <ɢɦɹ> |
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ɉɪɢɦɟɪ: LIGHT1 |
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x |
ɬɪɢɛɭɬ TURN-ON VOLTAGES: <ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ |
ɜɤɥɸ- |
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ɱɟɧɢɹ> |
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ɗɥɟɦɟɧɬ animated traffic light ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɭɟɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ |
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ɫɜɟɬɨɮɨɪɚ (ɡɚɠɢɝɚɧɢɟ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɰɜɟɬɨɜ). ɍ |
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ɧɟɝɨ ɟɫɬɶ 3 ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɚ ɪɚɡɧɨɝɨ ɰɜɟɬɚ ɫɜɟɱɟɧɢɹ: ɤɪɚɫɧɨ- |
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ɝɨ, ɠɟɥɬɨɝɨ ɢ ɡɟɥɟɧɨɝɨ. |
Ɋɢɫ. 5.60. ɋɜɟɬɨɮɨɪ |
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Ʉɚɠɞɵɣ ɢɡ ɬɪɟɯ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɡɚɝɨɪɚɟɬɫɹ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɟɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜ- |
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ɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɵɜɨɞɚɯ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ <ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ>. Ⱦɥɹ ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɫɦ. |
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ɫɯɟɦɧɵɣ ɮɚɣɥ anim4.cir ɢɡ ɤɚɬɚɥɨɝɚ Components\Animation (book-mc.rar). |
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5.7.8. ɐɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɥɸɱ (Animated Digital switch)
Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ ɫɯɟɦ Micro-Cap |
U1 |
x ɬɪɢɛɭɬ PART: <ɢɦɹ> ɉɪɢɦɟɪ: U1
xɬɪɢɛɭɬ I/O MODEL: <ɢɦɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ>
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ɉɪɢɦɟɪ: IO_STD |
ɢɧɞɟɤɫ ɩɨɞɫɯɟɦɵ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɚ |
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ɬɪɢɛɭɬ |
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Ɋɢɫ. 5.61. ɐɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ |
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IO_LEVEL: < |
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ɉɪɢɦɟɪ: 1 |
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ɫɢɝɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɥɸɱ |
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xɬɪɢɛɭɬ POWER NODE: <ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ ɭɡɟɥ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ>
ɉɪɢɦɟɪ: $G_DPWR
xɬɪɢɛɭɬ GROUND NODE: <ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ ɭɡɟɥ ɡɟɦɥɢ>
ɉɪɢɦɟɪ: $G_DGND
xɬɪɢɛɭɬ STATE: <ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ>
ɉɪɢɦɟɪ: 1
ɐɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɥɸɱ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɪɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɥɨ- ɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ. Ɉɧ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɬɶ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɭɥɹ ɢ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɵ. Ɉɧ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɨɞɢɧ ɜɵɯɨɞ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɛɪɚɧ- ɧɵɣ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ. ɉɪɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɚɧɢɦɚɰɢɢ
ɢɥɢ Dynamic DC ɞɜɨɣɧɵɦ ɤɥɢɤɨɦ ɦɵɲɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɫɦ. ɫɯɟɦɧɵɣ ɮɚɣɥ anim5.cir ɢɡ ɤɚɬɚɥɨɝɚ
Components\Animation (book-mc.rar). |
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5.7.9. ɐɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪ (Animated Digital LED) |
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Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ ɫɯɟɦ Micro-Cap |
U2 |
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x ɬɪɢɛɭɬ PART: <ɢɦɹ> |
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ɉɪɢɦɟɪ: U1 |
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x ɬɪɢɛɭɬ I/O MODEL: <ɢɦɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ> |
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Ɋɢɫ. 5.62. |
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ɉɪɢɦɟɪ: IO_STD |
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x ɬɪɢɛɭɬ IO_LEVEL: <ɢɧɞɟɤɫ ɩɨɞɫɯɟɦɵ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɚ> |
ɐɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ |
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ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪ |
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ɉɪɢɦɟɪ: 1 |
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5. Ɇɨɞɟɥɢ ɧ ɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ |
247 |
xɬɪɢɛɭɬ POWER NODE: <ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ ɭɡɟɥ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ>
ɉɪɢɦɟɪ: $G_DPWR
xɬɪɢɛɭɬ GROUND NODE: <ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ ɭɡɟɥ ɡɟɦɥɢ>
ɉɪɢɦɟɪ: $G_DGND
ɐɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪ ɫɜɟɬɢɬɫɹ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɰɜɟɬɨɦ (ɩɨ ɭɦɨɥɱɚɧɢɸ ɤɪɚɫ- ɧɵɦ), ɤɨɝɞɚ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɧɚ ɟɝɨ ɜɯɨɞɟ ɪɚɜɟɧ «1», ɜ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɨɧ ɧɟ ɫɜɟɬɢɬɫɹ. Ʉɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɫɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɧɵɣ ɫɜɟ- ɬɨɞɢɨɞ. ɂɦɟɟɬ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɞɢɧ ɜɯɨɞ. ɐɜɟɬ ɍȽɈ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɚ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɟɝɨ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɯɨɞɚ. ɉɨ ɭɦɨɥɱɚɧɢɸ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɰɜɟɬɚ: ɱɟɪɧɵɣ (ɩɪɢ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ «0» ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ), ɤɪɚɫɧɵɣ (ɩɪɢ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ «1»), ɫɟɪɵɣ (ɩɪɢ ɧɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ «X»). ɐɜɟɬɚ ɍȽɈ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɢɧ- ɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɫɜɟɬɨɞɢɨɞɚ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɤɟ Color/Font ɞɢɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɤɧɚ Properties (F10). ȼ ɧɟɣ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɫɬɚɜɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɰɜɟɬɚ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɚ.
5.7.10. ɋɟɦɢɫɟɝɦɟɧɬɧɵɣ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪ (Animated Seven segment)
Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ ɫɯɟɦ Micro-Cap
xɬɪɢɛɭɬ PART: <ɢɦɹ> ɉɪɢɦɟɪ: U1
xɬɪɢɛɭɬ I/O MODEL: <ɢɦɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ>
ɉɪɢɦɟɪ: IO_STD
xɬɪɢɛɭɬ IO_LEVEL: <ɢɧɞɟɤɫ ɩɨɞɫɯɟɦɵ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɚ>
ɉɪɢɦɟɪ: 1
xɬɪɢɛɭɬ POWER NODE: <ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ ɭɡɟɥ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ>
ɉɪɢɦɟɪ: $G_DPWR |
Ɋɢɫ. 5.63. |
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x ɬɪɢɛɭɬ GROUND NODE: < ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ ɭɡɟɥ ɡɟɦɥɢ> |
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ɋɟɦɢɫɟɝɦɟɧɬɧɵɣ |
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ɉɪɢɦɟɪ: $G_DGND |
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ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪ |
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x ɬɪɢɛɭɬ ON STATE: <HIGH | LOW> |
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ɉɪɢɦɟɪ: HIGH |
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Ʉɚɠɞɵɣ ɫɟɝɦɟɧɬ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɚ ɫɜɟɬɢɬɫɹ, ɟɫɥɢ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɧɚ ɟɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɦ ɜɯɨɞɟ ɪɚɜɟɧ ɭɪɨɜɧɸ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɜ ɩɨɥɟ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɚ ON STATE, ɜ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɫɟɝɦɟɧɬ ɩɨɝɚɲɟɧ. ɬɪɢɛɭɬ ON STATE ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɡɚɞɚɧ ɤɚɤ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ (HIGH), ɬɚɤ ɢ ɧɢɡɤɢɦ (LOW)
ɐɢɮɪɨɜɵɟ ɚɧɢɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ (ɤɥɸɱ, ɨɞɢɧɨɱɧɵɣ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪ, ɫɟ- ɦɢɫɟɝɦɟɧɬɧɵɣ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪ) ɢɦɟɸɬ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ. ɐɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ ɫɜɟɬɨɞɢɨɞ ɢ ɫɟɦɢɫɟɝɦɟɧɬɧɵɣ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪ ɧɟ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɞɢɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦɢ. Ɉɧɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɥɹ ɢɧɞɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ. ɐɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ ɤɥɸɱ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨ- ɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɯ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ. ȼɫɟ ɜɵɲɟɩɟɪɟ- ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɧɭɸ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸ- ɳɭɸ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɦ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɦ, ɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦɢ ɨɧɢ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɜɹɡɢ.
248 |
ɉɪɨɝɪ ɦɦ ɫɯɟɦɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜ ɧɢɹ Micro-Cap. ȼɟɪɫɢɢ 9, 10 |
5.8. N-ɩɨɥɸɫɧɢɤɢ
Ʌɢɧɟɣɧɵɟ ɦɧɨɝɨɩɨɥɸɫɧɢɤɢ, ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɨ-ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɯ ɦɚɬɪɢɰ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ (S, Y, Z, G, H, T ɢɥɢ ABCD) ɜɵɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɤɨɦɚɧ-
ɞɨɣ Components>Analog Primitives>N-port… T ɢ ABCD ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɢɦɟɸɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɜɟɪɫɢɢ Micro-Cap 9.
N-PORT
Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ ɫɯɟɦ ɆIɋRO-CAP 9:
xɬɪɢɛɭɬ PART: <ɢɦɹ> ɉɪɢɦɟɪ: SP1
xɬɪɢɛɭɬ FILE <ɢɦɹ ɮɚɣɥɚ>
ɉɪɢɦɟɪ:
E:\MC10\data\Gg10v20m.s2p
ɬɪɢɛɭɬ FILE ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɢɦɹ ɢ ɩɭɬɶ ɮɚɣɥɚ ɫ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ N-ɩɨɥɸɫɧɢɤɚ.
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N-Port |
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RESONATOR_Y.S4P |
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3P |
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FILE=spar1.s2p |
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X1 |
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X2 |
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X3 |
1P |
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2P |
1P |
2P |
1P |
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Four |
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Two |
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One |
1M |
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Port |
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2M |
1M |
Port |
2M |
1M |
Port |
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4P |
4M |
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Ɋɢɫ. 5.64. N-ɩɨɥɸɫɧɢɤ
Ʉɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ N-ɩɨɥɸɫɧɢɤ (ɢɥɢ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ 2N-ɩɨɥɸɫɧɢɤ) — ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɧɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ, ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɦɵɯ S, Y, Z, G, H, T ɢɥɢ A-ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ, ɫɨ- ɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɜ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɨɦ ɮɚɣɥɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɬɢɩɚ Touchstone.
Ɉɛɵɱɧɨ ɷɬɢ ɮɚɣɥɵ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɮɚɣɥɚ ɫ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɚɦɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ. ɇɢɠɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧ ɩɪɢɦɟɪ S- ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɬɢɩɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɞɜɭɯɩɨɪɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ:
!SIEMENS Small Signal Semiconductors
!BFG194
!Si PNP RF Bipolar Junction Transistor in SOT223
!VCE = -10 V IC = -20 mA
!Common Emitter S-Parameters: August 1996
# GHz S MA R 50 |
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! f |
S11 |
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S21 |
|
S12 |
S22 |
|
! GHz |
MAG ANG |
MAG ANG |
MAG ANG |
MAG ANG |
|||
0.010 |
0.3302 |
-25.4 |
35.370 |
169.9 |
0.0053 85.3 |
0.9077 |
-10.0 |
0.020 |
0.3471 |
-48.2 |
33.679 |
161.6 |
0.0108 77.5 |
0.8815 |
-19.8 |
0.050 |
0.4525 |
-95.0 |
27.726 |
139.2 |
0.0226 61.4 |
0.7258 |
-43.7 |
0.100 |
0.5462 |
-131.5 |
19.023 |
118.7 |
0.0332 52.2 |
0.5077 |
-68.7 |
0.150 |
0.5723 |
-149.4 |
13.754 |
106.4 |
0.0394 49.1 |
0.3795 |
-84.8 |
0.200 |
0.5925 |
-159.8 |
10.787 |
99.1 |
0.0443 50.1 |
0.3068 |
-95.0 |
0.250 |
0.6023 |
-167.0 |
8.757 93.4 |
0.0497 51.2 |
0.2581 |
-104.8 |
|
0.300 |
0.6089 |
-172.2 |
7.393 89.0 |
0.0552 52.4 |
0.2298 |
-112.2 |
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5. Ɇɨɞɟɥɢ ɧ ɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ |
249 |
Micro-Cap ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬ ɷɬɢ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ- ɧɵɯ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ ɜ Y-ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɦɧɨɝɨɩɨɥɸɫɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ ɤɚɤ ɫɨɜɨ- ɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɚɛɥɢɱɧɵɯ Ʌɚɩɥɚɫɨɜɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ. ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. 5.65 ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɚ ɩɪɢɜɟ- ɞɟɧɚ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ 4-ɯ ɩɨɪɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ (ɜɨɫɶɦɢɩɨɥɸɫɧɢɤɚ).
Ɋɢɫ. 5.65. ɗɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɜɨɫɶɦɢɩɨɥɸɫɧɢɤɚ
ɍɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ:
I1 = Y11*V(1P,1M) + Y12*V(2P,2M) + Y13*V(3P,3M) + Y14*V(4P,4M)
I2 = Y21*V(1P,1M) + Y22*V(2P,2M) + Y23*V(3P,3M) + Y24*V(4P,4M)
I3 = Y31*V(1P,1M) + Y32*V(2P,2M) + Y33*V(3P,3M) + Y34*V(4P,4M)
I4 = Y41*V(1P,1M) + Y42*V(2P,2M) + Y43*V(3P,3M) + Y44*V(4P,4M)
Ⱦɥɹ ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ N-ɩɨɥɸɫɧɢɤɚ ɫɦ ɫɯɟɦɧɵɣ ɮɚɣɥ nport4.cir ɢ audio3_N_S.cir ɢɡ ɤɚɬɚɥɨɝɚ Components\Nport (book-mc.rar).
ɉɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɬɚɛɥɢɱɧɵɣ ɮɚɣɥ ɦɚɥɨɫɢɝɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɫɨɨɬ- ɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɶ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɣ ɪɟɞɚɤɬɨɪ.
Ɍ ɚ ɛ ɥ ɢ ɰ ɚ 5 . 2 0 . Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ 1-ɨɣ ɫɬɪɨɤɢ ɮɚɣɥɚ TOUCHSTONE
ȿɞɢɧɢɰɵ |
ɱɚɫɬɨ- |
Ɍɢɩ ɩɚɪɚ- |
Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɯ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɨɜ |
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ɬɵ |
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ɦɟɬɪɨɜ |
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# Hz, mHz, UHz, |
S, Y, Z, H, |
MA — ɦɨɞɭɥɶ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɵ |
ɮɚɡɚ ɜ ɝɪɚɞɭɫɚɯ |
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NHz, |
kHz, |
G, T, A |
RI — ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ |
ɦɧɢɦɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ |
MEGHz, GHz |
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DB — ɦɨɞɭɥɶ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɵ ɜ ɞȻ |
ɮɚɡɚ ɜ ɝɪɚɞɭɫɚɯ |
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ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ: S — Scattering, Y — Admitance (ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ); Z — Impedance (ɫɨɩɪɨ-
ɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ); H — Hybrid (ɝɢɛɪɢɞɧɵɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ); G — Mixed (ɫɦɟɲɚɧɧɵɟ); T — Transmission; ABCD — Cascade
250 |
ɉɪɨɝɪ ɦɦ ɫɯɟɦɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜ ɧɢɹ Micro-Cap. ȼɟɪɫɢɢ 9, 10 |
5.9. IBIS-ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ
ɂɦɟɸɬɫɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ IBIS ɞɥɹ ɜɯɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɜ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɯɟɦ.
Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ ɫɯɟɦ Ɇicro-Cap 9 x ɬɪɢɛɭɬ PART: <ɢɦɹ>
ɉɪɢɦɟɪ:
X1
x ɬɪɢɛɭɬ NAME: <ɢɦɹ ɩɨɞɫɯɟɦɵ>
ɉɪɢɦɟɪ: LVC_33_4_MIN
ɂɦɟɟɬɫɹ 4 ɜɢɞɚ ɩɪɢɦɢɬɢɜɨɜ IBIS (ɬɚɛɥ. 5.21)
Ɍ ɚ ɛ ɥ ɢ ɰ ɚ 5 . 2 |
1 . Ɍɢɩɵ IBIS-ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ |
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Ɍɢɩ |
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ɇɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ |
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IBIS_Input1 |
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Ⱦɥɹ ɜɯɨɞɨɜ ɦɢɤɪɨɫɯɟɦ ɫ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɦ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ |
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IBIS_Input3 |
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Ⱦɥɹ ɜɯɨɞɨɜ ɦɢɤɪɨɫɯɟɦ ɫ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɦ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ |
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IBIS_Output3 |
ȼɯɨɞɧɵɟ, ɜɵɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɢ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɸɳɢɟ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ ɦɢɤɪɨɫɯɟɦɵ ɫ |
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ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɦ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ |
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IBIS_Output5 |
ȼɯɨɞɧɵɟ, ɜɵɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɢ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɸɳɢɟ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ ɦɢɤɪɨɫɯɟɦɵ ɫ |
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ɜɧɟɲɧɢɦ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ |
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ɉɪɢ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ IBIS-ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ ɜ ɫɯɟɦɭ, Micro-CAP ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ IBIS- ɬɪɚɧɫɥɹɬɨɪ. ɗɬɨ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɜɯɨɞɚ ɢɥɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɢɡ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ IBIS-ɮɚɣɥɚ. Ɂɚɬɟɦ Micro-Cap ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɭɸ ɩɨɞɫɯɟɦɭ ɧɚ ɹɡɵɤɟ SPICE ɞɥɹ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ ɢ ɩɪɢɝɥɚɲɚɟɬ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɟ ɨɤɧɨ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɨɜ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɨɧɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ. ɇɚɠɚɬɢɟɦ OK IBIS-ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɩɨɦɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɟɤɭ- ɳɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ.
ȼɫɟ ɜɵɲɟɨɩɢɫɚɧɧɨɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɨ ɜɪɭɱɧɭɸ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚ ɬɪɚɧɫɥɹɬɨɪɚ IBIS ɜ SPICE ɮɚɣɥ (IBIS to SPICE Translator), ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɝɟ-
ɧɟɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ SPICE-ɩɨɞɫɯɟɦɵ ɜ ɫɯɟɦɭ, ɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟɦ IBIS-ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ ɩɨ- ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɪɟɞɚɤɬɨɪɚ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ (Component editor). ȼɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɟ IBIS- ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ ɢ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɩɨɞɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɟ ɦɨɞɭɥɢ ɜ Micro-Cap ɞɟɥɚɸɬ ɷɬɨɬ ɩɪɨ- ɰɟɫɫ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɦ ɢ ɭɞɨɛɧɵɦ.
ɋɦ. ɩɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɫɯɟɦɧɵɯ ɮɚɣɥɨɜ IBIS3.CIR (ɤɚɬɚɥɨɝ DATA) ɢ IBISParts.cir
(ɤɚɬɚɥɨɝ BOOK-MC\Components\Digital) ɤɚɤ ɨɛɪɚɡɟɰ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɷɬɢɯ ɤɨɦ- ɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ.
5.10. ȼɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɯɟɦɧɵɟ ɦɚɤɪɨɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɢ ɩɨɞɫɯɟɦɵ
ɋɩɢɫɨɤ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɢɦɢɬɢɜɨɜ ɧɟ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ- ɦɢ, ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɜ 5.1–5.9. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɧɢɯ ɜ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ Component>Analog Primitives ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɦɚɤɪɨɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ Macros ɢ SMPS. Ƚɪɭɩɩɚ Macros ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɦɚɤɪɨɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ, ɚ ɝɪɭɩɩɚ SMPS (Switch Mode Power Supplies) ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ- ɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ. Ʉɪɚɬɤɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤ-