Микросхемотехника / amelina_m_a_amelin_s_a_programma_shemotehnicheskogo_modeliro

R2 20 0 2K

.ENDS

ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪ R1 ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɭɡɥɨɦ 1 ɢ ɭɡɥɨɦ 0, ɚ ɪɟ- ɡɢɫɬɨɪ R2 — ɦɟɠɞɭ ɭɡɥɨɦ 2 ɢ ɭɡɥɨɦ 0 ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ.

Ʉɥɸɱɟɜɨɟ ɫɥɨɜɨ OPTIONAL ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɞɨɛɚɜɢɬɶ ɨɞɢɧ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɭɡ- ɥɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɡɨɜɟ ɩɨɞɫɯɟɦɵ. ȿɫɥɢ ɭɡɥɵ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ, ɢɯ ɧɨɦɟɪɚ ɡɚɦɟɧɹɸɬ ɧɨ- ɦɟɪɚ, ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɭɦɨɥɱɚɧɢɸ. ɗɬɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɯ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɵɜɨɞɨɜ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ. ɉɪɢ ɜɵɡɨɜɟ ɩɨɞɫɯɟɦɵ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɭɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɨɞɢɧ ɢɥɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɧɟɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ (OPTIONAL) ɭɡɥɨɜ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ, ɟɫɥɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ- ɫɥɟɞɧɢɣ ɭɡɟɥ, ɜɫɟ ɩɪɟɞɲɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɵ, ɜ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɤɨɦɩɢɥɹɬɨɪ ɧɟ ɫɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɤɚɤɢɟ ɭɡɥɵ ɧɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɵ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ:

.SUBCKT GATE 1 2

+ OPTIONAL: A=100 B=200 C=300

ɋɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɜɵɡɨɜɵ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɧɵɦɢ: X1 1 2 GATE ; ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ A=100 B=200 C=300

X2 1 2 20 GATE ; ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ A=20 B=200 C=300

X3 1 2 20 30 GATE ; ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ A=20 B =30 C=300

X4 1 2 20 30 40 GATE ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ A=20 B =30 C=40

ɉɨɫɥɟ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɨ PARAMS ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɟ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɡɨɜɟ ɩɨɞɫɯɟɦɵ. <ɂɦɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚ> ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɟɝɨ ɢɦɹ, <ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɭɦɨɥɱɚɧɢɸ> — ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɪɢ- ɫɜɚɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɭ, ɟɫɥɢ ɨɧ ɧɟ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɡɨɜɟ ɩɨɞɫɯɟɦɵ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ:

.SUBCKT BAND 10 20 30 PARAMS: F0=10K BW=1K

Ʌɸɛɨɣ ɢɡ ɧɢɠɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɵɡɨɜɨɜ ɩɨɞɫɯɟɦɵ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɦ:

X1 10 20 30 BAND ;ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɭɦɨɥɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ

F0=10K BW=1K

X2 10 20 30 BAND PARAMS: F0=50K BW=2K; ɜɵɡɨɜ ɫ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ

F0=50K BW=2K

X3 10 20 30 BAND PARAMS: BW=2K; ɜɵɡɨɜ ɫ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ F0=10K BW=2K

ɉɨɫɥɟ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚ TEXT ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ, ɩɟɪɟ- ɞɚɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɡɨɜɟ ɩɨɞɫɯɟɦɵ. <ɂɦɹ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ> ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɢɦɹ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚ; <ɬɟɤɫɬ ɩɨ ɭɦɨɥɱɚɧɢɸ> ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɣ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪ, ɧɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɡɨɜɟ ɩɨɞɫɯɟɦɵ. ɇɚɩɪɢ- ɦɟɪ, ɞɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɫɯɟɦɵ:

.SUBCKT PLA 1 2 3 4 TEXT: FILE="JEDEC_10",

ɥɸɛɨɣ ɢɡ ɧɢɠɟ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɵɡɨɜɨɜ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɧɵɦ: X1 10 20 30 40 PLA; ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɬɨɦɭ, ɱɬɨ FILE="JEDEC_10"

X2 10 20 30 40 PLA TEXT:FILE="JE20"; ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɬɨɦɭ, ɱɬɨ FILE="JE20"

Ɍɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɣ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ:

xȾɥɹ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɢɦɟɧɢ ɮɚɣɥɚ ɬɢɩɚ JEDEC ɞɥɹ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ ɫ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɭɟ- ɦɨɣ ɥɨɝɢɤɨɣ.

xȾɥɹ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɢɦɟɧɢ ɮɚɣɥɚ ɫ ɮɨɪɦɨɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ FSTIM.

xȾɥɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚ ɩɨɞɫɯɟɦɵ.

.TEMP — ɡɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ

Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ SPICE

.TEMP <ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ>*

ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ:

.TEMP 50 — ɨɞɢɧ ɡɚɩɭɫɤ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ 50qC.

.TEMP 0 50 100 — 3 ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɯ 0, 50 ɢ 100qC.

Ɉɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ .TEMP ɡɚɞɚɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ, ɞɥɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɪɨɢɡ- ɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ. Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɩɨ ɭɦɨɥɱɚɧɢɸ — 27°C. ȼɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨ-ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹɦɢ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ (TEMP) ɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ (TNOM).

Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɨɣ:

.OPTIONS TNOM=<ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ>

ȿɫɥɢ ɬɚɤɚɹ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɚ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɜ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɢ ɫɯɟɦɵ, ɬɨ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨ- ɜɚɧɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ TNOM ɢɡ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ ɨɤɧɚ Global Settings.

.TF — ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɦɚɥɨɫɢɝɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ

Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ SPICE

.TF <ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ> <ɢɦɹ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ>

ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ:

.TF V(OUT) V1

.TF VBE(Q1)*IB(Q1) VIN

Ⱦɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɚ ɡɚɞɚɟɬ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɦɚɥɨɫɢɝɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɧɚ ɩɨɫɬɨ-

ɹɧɧɨɦ ɬɨɤɟ ɞɥɹ <ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ> ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ <ɜɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ>.

.TIE — ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɞɧɨɢɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɵɜɨɞɨɜ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ

Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ ɫɯɟɦ Micro-Cap

.TIE <ɬɢɩ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ> <ɢɦɹ ɜɵɜɨɞɚ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ>

ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ:

.TIE JKFF CLKB; ɜɵɜɨɞɵ CLKB ɜɫɟɯ ɬɪɢɝɝɟɪɨɜ JKFF ɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɸɬɫɹ

.TIE LF155 VCC; ɜɵɜɨɞɵ VCC ɜɫɟɯ Ɉɍ LF155 ɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɸɬɫɹ

Ⱦɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɚ .TIE ɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɟɬ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɜɫɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɨɞɧɨɢɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ. ɗɬɨ ɭɞɨɛɧɵɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɜɵɜɨɞɨɜ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ. Ɉɛɵɱɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɲɢɧ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ, ɬɚɤɬɨɜɵɯ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ, ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ ɫɛɪɨɫɚ ɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ.

Ɉɬɦɟɬɢɦ, ɱɬɨ <ɬɢɩ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ> ɷɬɨ ɨɛɳɟɟ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɞɚɧ- ɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ ɢɡ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ, ɚ ɧɟ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɩɨ- ɧɟɧɬɚ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɜ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɫ ɬɪɟɦɹ ɬɪɢɝɝɟɪɚɦɢ JKFF, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɦɢ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ U1, U2, ɢ U3; ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɵ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɚ 1 ɜɫɟ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ CLKB ɛɭɞɭɬ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɵ.

.TR — ɡɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɲɚɝɨɜ ɩɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ TRANSIENT

Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ ɫɯɟɦ Micro-Cap:

.TR <s1 t1> [s2 t2...sn-1 tn-1 sn tn]

Ⱦɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɚ .TR ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɡɚɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɲɚɝɚ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɞɢɹɯ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ.

ɉɪɢɦɟɪ:

.TR 1n 100n .1n 200n 10n 1u

ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɲɚɝ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧ 1n ɧɚ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ ɨɬ tmin ɞɨ 100n. ɇɚ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɟ ɨɬ 100ns ɞɨ 200ns ɨɧ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ .1n. ɇɚ ɢɧɬɟɪ- ɜɚɥɟ ɨɬ 200ns ɞɨ 1 us ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɲɚɝ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ 10n.

ɐɟɥɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɷɬɨɣ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ — ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɝɢɛɤɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɟ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɫɯɟɦ. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɬɨɝɞɚ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɫɯɟ- ɦɚ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɦɟɧɶɲɢɣ ɲɚɝ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ, ɢɦɟɸɳɟɣ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɭɸ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ, ɜ ɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɤɚɤ ɨɛɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜɟɥɢɤɨ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɨɦ. ȼ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɷɬɨɣ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶ-

ɧɵɣ ɲɚɝ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪ

Maximum Time Step, ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɜ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɦ ɨɤɧɟ Transient Analysis Limits.

.TRAN — ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ

Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ SPICE

.TRAN <printstep> <run stop time> [<print start time> [<max time step>]] [UIC]

ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ:

.TRAN 10ps 110ns

.TRAN 1ns 1us 500ns .5ns UIC

Ⱦɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɚ ɡɚɞɚɟɬ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ Transient, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɤɨɩɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɤɧɚ Transient Analysis Limits ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ:

Number of Points = 1 + <run stop time>/<printstep> Time Range = <run stop time>

Maximum Time Step = <max time step>

UIC — ɫɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɮɥɚɠɨɤ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɧɚ ɩɨ- ɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɦ ɬɨɤɟ (Operating Point) ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɨɜ .IC.

<printstep> — ɡɚɞɚɟɬ ɲɚɝ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɜɨɞɚ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɜ ɮɚɣɥ

*.tno.

.WARNING — ɜɵɜɨɞ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɣ

Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ ɫɯɟɦ Micro-Cap:

.WARNING ["Ɂɚɝɨɥɨɜɨɤ"[,]]"ɋɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ"[,]ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟ[,ɩɟɱɚɬɚɟɦɨɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ]

ɉɪɢɦɟɪ 1.

.WARNING "Capacitor overvoltage", V(C1)>50

Cɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ: Warning:

Capacitor overvoltage at T=0

ɉɪɢɦɟɪ 2.

.WARNING "Reminder", "Power is excessive", PDT>5, V(VCC) Cɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ:

Reminder:

Power is excessive at V(VCC)=5.5

ɉɪɢɦɟɪ 3.

.WARNING "AC Gain inadequate", dB(V(OUT))<41 Cɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ AC ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ:

Warning:

AC Gain inadequate at F=1E3

Ʉɨɦɚɧɞɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɚɸɳɟɟ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɜ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ. ɍɫɥɨɜɢɟ ɩɪɟɞ- ɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɬɢɩɚ I(R1)>2. ȿɫɥɢ <ɍɫɥɨɜɢɟ> ɫɬɚɧɨ- ɜɢɬɫɹ ɢɫɬɢɧɧɵɦ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ, ɬɨ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɜɵɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɦ ɡɚɝɨɥɨɜɤɨɦ, ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɜɵɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ <ɩɟɱɚɬɚɟ-

ɦɨɝɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ>. ȿɫɥɢ ɩɟɱɚɬɚɟɦɨɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɧɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɨ, ɬɨɝɞɚ ɜ ɪɟ-

ɠɢɦɟ DC ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɜɵɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ DCINPUT1, ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ TRANSIENT ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ — ɜɪɟɦɹ T, ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ — ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ F. ȿɫɥɢ ɭɤɚɡɚɧ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɡɚɝɨɥɨɜɤɚ ɬɨ ɡɚɦɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɭɦɨɥɱɚ- ɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɡɚɝɨɥɨɜɨɤ «Warning». ȼɫɟ ɡɚɩɹɬɵɟ, ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɤɨ- ɦɚɧɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɨɤɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɡɚɦɟɧɟɧɵ ɩɪɨɛɟɥɚɦɢ. Ɍɟɤɫɬ "\n" ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɩɟɪɟ- ɯɨɞ ɧɚ ɧɨɜɭɸ ɫɬɪɨɤɭ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɜɨɞɟ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ. ɋɦ. ɮɚɣɥɵ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɨɜ warn.cir ɢ warn2.cir ɢɡ ɤɚɬɚɥɨɝɚ Statements ɞɥɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɷɬɨɣ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ.

ȼ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚɯ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɣ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɭɸ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɭɸ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɸ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ:

PD(D@)>100mW — ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ, ɪɚɫɫɟɢɜɚɟɦɚɹ ɧɚ ɞɜɭɯɜɵɜɨɞɧɨɦ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɟ, ɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɚ “D”, ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ 100ɦȼɬ.

I(RX@)>15m — ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɬɨɤ ɥɸɛɨɝɨ ɞɜɭɯɜɵɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɨ- ɧɟɧɬɚ, ɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɨɜ “RX, ɩɪɟ- ɜɵɲɚɟɬ 15ɦA.

ɋɦ. ɫɯɟɦɧɵɣ ɮɚɣɥ warn4.cir ɢɡ ɤɚɬɚɥɨɝɚ Statements ɞɥɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɤɨɦɚɧɞ ɫ ɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɵɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟɦ.

.WATCH

Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ SPICE

.WATCH [DC][AC][TRAN] [<ɜɵɯɨɞɧɚɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ>]*

ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ:

.WATCH TRAN V(220) I(L1)

.WATCH AC DB(V(1)) PH(V(1))

.WATCH DC V(OUT)

ɉɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɡɚɞɚɬɶ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ, ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɜɵɜɨ- ɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɨɤɧɟ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ SPICE-ɫɯɟɦɵ.

5. ɆɈȾȿɅɂ ȺɇȺɅɈȽɈȼɕɏ ɄɈɆɉɈɇȿɇɌɈȼ 5.1. Ɉɛɳɢɟ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɹɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ

ȼɫɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ (ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɟ ɢ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɟ), ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ, ɢɦɟɸɬ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɬɪɟɯ ɬɢɩɨɜ:

xȼɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɟ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ, ɬɚɤɢɯ ɤɚɤ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɵ, ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɵ, ɞɢɨɞɵ, ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɵ, ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɟ ɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɵɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ, ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɢ ɢ ɞɪ., ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɡ- ɦɟɧɟɧɵ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ; ɦɨɠɧɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ.

ȼɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɜɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ Micro-Cap ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɸɬ- ɫɹ ɧɚ ɞɜɟ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɢ:

ɩɪɨɫɬɵɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɦɵɟ ɦɚɥɵɦ ɱɢɫɥɨɦ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨ- ɪɵɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɭɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɧɚ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɨɜ (ɧɚ- ɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ ɱɚɳɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɢɦ – ɬɪɟɦɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ, ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɧɟɜɢɞɢ- ɦɵɦɢ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɧɟ ɡɚɝɪɨɦɨɠɞɚɬɶ ɱɟɪɬɟɠ); ɫɥɨɠɧɵɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɦɵɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ ɱɢɫɥɨɦ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ,

ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɡɚɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɛɢɩɨ- ɥɹɪɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ 52 ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ).

xɆɨɞɟɥɢ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɩɨɞɫɯɟɦ, ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɹɡɵɤɟ SPICE. Ʉɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɩɪɟ- ɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ.

xɆɨɞɟɥɢ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɫɯɟɦ Micro-Cap (ɦɚɤɪɨɦɨɞɟɥɢ). Ɍɚɤɢɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɨɡɞɚ-

ɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ.

ȼɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɯ MC9, MC10 ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɭɟɦɨɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɨ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɦɢ:

ɜɜɢɞɟ ɱɟɪɬɟɠɚ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨ- ɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ;

ɜɜɢɞɟ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɟ SPICE.

Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɩɪɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɡɚɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɢɯ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɨɜ ɢ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɟɩɨ- ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɧɚ ɫɯɟɦɟ — ɬɚɤɢɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɛɭɞɟɦ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɦɨɞɟɥɹɦɢ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɟ ɫɯɟɦ Micro-Cap. Ɉɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɡɚɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɦ ɨɤɧɟ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜ .MODEL ɢ .SUBCKT ɩɨ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɦ SPICE. ɂɯ ɛɭɞɟɦ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɦɨɞɟ- ɥɹɦɢ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɟ SPICE.

ȼ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɩɪɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɜ MC9, MC10 ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɟ ɫɯɟɦ Micro-Cap. ɇɨ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɚ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧ- ɬɨɜ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɞɜɚ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɚ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ: ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɣ ɮɨɪɦɚɬ SPICE ɢ ɫɯɟɦɧɵɣ ɮɨɪɦɚɬ Micro-Cap. Ⱦɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɚ SPICE ɜɵɡɜɚɧɨ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ

ɩɨɞɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɜɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɯ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɷɬɨɬ ɮɨɪɦɚɬ, ɨɧ ɠɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ, ɩɪɟɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟ- ɦɵɯ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ. ɋɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɛ ɷɬɨɦ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɟ ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɥɢɲɧɢɦɢ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ, ɨɫɦɵɫɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɨɟ ɦɨɞɟ- ɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɟɡ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɨɫɧɨɜ ɹɡɵɤɚ SPICE.

ɉɪɢ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɢ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɜ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɪɢ- ɧɹɬɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ:

x* – ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɜ ɫɬɪɨɤɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɚ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ <ɢɦɹ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ>* ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚ- ɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɤɚɬɭɲɟɤ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɟɣ: L1 L2 L3.

x<X> — ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪ. Ȼɟɡ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚ ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɧɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɢ ɩɨɹɜɢɬɫɹ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ ɨɛ ɨɲɢɛɤɟ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɞɜɚ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚ — ɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ (ɢɥɢ ɢɦɹ) ɢ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ.

x[X] – ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ (ɧɟɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ) ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪ. Ɇɨɠɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨ- ɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɫ ɭɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚ < >. ɇɚɩɪɢ-

ɦɟɪ, ɡɚɩɢɫɶ:

VALUE: <ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ> [Ɍɋ=<tc1>[,<tc2>]],

ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɭ VALUE ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜ- ɥɟɧɚ ɧɟɤɚɹ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɢɥɢ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ, ɡɚɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɦɨɟ ɜ ɩɨɥɟ <ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ>. ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪ TC – ɧɟɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ, ɧɨ ɟɫɥɢ ɟɝɨ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɜɩɢ- ɫɚɥɢ ɜ ɩɨɥɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ VALUE, ɬɨ ɟɦɭ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɢɫɜɨɢɬɶ ɨɞ- ɧɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ <tc1>. Ɂɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ <tc2> ɧɟ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɧɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪ VALUE ɦɨɠɧɨ ɡɚɩɢɫɚɬɶ:

1000

1000 TC=1m

1000 TC=1m,1u

x | — ɋɢɦɜɨɥ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɂɅɂ (OR) “|” ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɜɡɚɢɦɧɨ ɢɫ- ɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɟ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ:

PUL | EXP | SIN

ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ PUL ɢɥɢ EXP ɢɥɢ SIN.

xɌɟɤɫɬ, ɧɚɛɪɚɧɧɵɣ ɤɭɪɫɢɜɨɦ, ɤɚɤ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ <ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ>, ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɜɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɦ.

x+ — ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫ SPICE-ɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɵ ɧɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɭɸ ɫɬɪɨɤɭ.

5.2.ɉɚɫɫɢɜɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ

ȼɦɟɧɸ Passive components ɜɯɨɞɹɬ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɵ, ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɵ, ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜ- ɧɨɫɬɢ, ɥɢɧɢɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ, ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɵ, ɜɡɚɢɦɧɵɟ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ, ɞɢɨɞɵ ɢ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɬɪɨɧɵ (ɪɢɫ. 5.1).

ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ, ɱɬɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɣ, ɟɦɤɨɫɬɟɣ ɢ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɱɢɫɥɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɦ, ɡɚɜɢɫɹɳɢɦ ɨɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɭɡɥɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɨɜ, ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɡɥɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɬɨɤɨɜ ɜɟɬɜɟɣ, ɬɟɦ- ɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɪɟɠɢɦɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ. ɇɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɨɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ PSPICE ɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɚ, ɡɞɟɫɶ MicroCap ɢɦɟɟɬ ɹɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ.

ȼɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɟɣ ɜɟɪɫɢɟɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ MC8 [2] ɜ MC9, MC10 ɨɤɧɚ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɨɜ, ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɢ ɤɚɬɭɲɟɤ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɩɚɧɟɥɶ Single ɢ Combinations, ɧɚɠɚɬɢɟ ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɞɨɛɪɚɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɬɟɤɭɳɟɣ

ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɩɚɫɫɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ ɛɥɢɠɚɣɲɢɣ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥ ɢɡ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɨɝɨ ɪɹɞɚ ɥɢɛɨ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɸ ɢɡ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ-ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧ- ɬɨɜ ɫ ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɚɦɢ ɢɡ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɯ ɪɹɞɨɜ. ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧ-

ɬɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɫɫɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ ɡɚɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨ- ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɟɧɢɣ Preferences.

Ɋɢɫ. 5.1. ɉɚɫɫɢɜɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ

ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ, ɱɬɨ ɜ MC9 ɩɨɹɜɢɥɚɫɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɩɚɪɚɡɢɬɧɵɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɨɜ, ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɢ ɤɚɬɭɲɟɤ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜ- ɧɨɫɬɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɩɚɫɫɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɬɶ ɜ ɧɟɣ ɧɚɛɨɪ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ (ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɢ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ, ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ, ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ).

5.2.1. Ɋɟɡɢɫɬɨɪ (Resistor)

Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ ɫɯɟɦ Micro-Cap (ɪɢɫ. 5.3)

x ɬɪɢɛɭɬ PART: <ɢɦɹ> — ɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɡɚ- ɞɚɧɧɨɟ ɢɦɹ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ.

ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ: R5 CARBON5

x ɬɪɢɛɭɬ RESISTANCE <ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ> [TC=<tc1>[,<tc2>]] — ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɫɨ- ɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ.

ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ

50

10K

50K*(1+V(6)/100)

<ɋɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ> ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɱɢɫɥɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɦ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɦ ɩɟ- ɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ, ɡɚɜɢɫɹɳɢɟ ɨɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ T. ȿɫɥɢ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɢ- ɞɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɫɯɟɦɵ, ɬɨ ɷɬɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɜɵɪɚɠɟ-

ɧɢɟ, ɡɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɨɟ ɜ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ RESISTANCE 100+V(10)*2 ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ ɭɡɥɚ 10, ɛɭɞɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ, ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɟ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɩɨ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɦɭ ɬɨɤɭ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɦɚɥɨɫɢɝɧɚɥɶ- ɧɨɝɨ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ (AC), ɢ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɟ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɩɨ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɦɭ ɬɨɤɭ (DC). ȼ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɦɚɥɨɫɢɝɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ (AC) ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ V(10) ɧɟ ɩɪɢ- ɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɨ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ. ȿɫɥɢ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɬɨɱɤɟ ɩɨ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɦɭ ɬɨɤɭ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ ɭɡɥɚ 10 ɨɤɚɡɚɥɨɫɶ ɪɚɜɧɵɦ 2ȼ, ɬɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟ-

ɦɨɝɨ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɪɚɜɧɵɦ

100+2*2=104.

Ɋɢɫ. 5.3. Ɉɤɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ

xɬɪɢɛɭɬ FREQ: [F-ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ]

ȿɫɥɢ ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɧɚɛɪɚɧɨ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɨ-ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ V(4,5)*(1+F/1e7), ɬɨ ɨɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɦɚɥɨɫɢɝɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ (AC) ɡɚɦɟɧɹɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɚ RESISTANCE. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɜ ɜɵɲɟɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧ- ɧɨɦ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɚ FREQ F ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɭɸ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɭɸ AC-ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ — ɱɚɫɬɨɬɭ, ɚ V(4,5) — ɦɚɥɨɫɢɝɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɭɡɥɚɦɢ 4 ɢ 5. ɉɪɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɟ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɩɨ

ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɦɭ ɬɨɤɭ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ ɪɚɜɧɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɚ RESISTANCE ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ ɨɬ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɹ ɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɚ FREQ.

xɬɪɢɛɭɬ MODEL: [ɢɦɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ]

xɬɪɢɛɭɬ COST [ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ]

ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɩɟɪɟɱɧɹ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ (Bill of Materials).

xɬɪɢɛɭɬ POWER [ɪɚɫɫɟɢɜɚɟɦɚɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ]

ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɩɟɪɟɱɧɹ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ (Bill of Materials).

xɬɪɢɛɭɬ SHAPEGROUP [ɢɦɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɍȽɈ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ]

Ɇɨɠɧɨ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɡɚɞɚɬɶ Main (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ. 5.2, R1) ɢɥɢ Euro (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ. 5.2, R2). ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟ- ɧɢɹ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ ɧɚ ɬɟɤɭɳɟɣ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ.

x ɬɪɢɛɭɬ PACKAGE: [ɬɢɩ ɤɨɪɩɭɫɚ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɡɜɨɞɤɢ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɯ ɜɵɜɨɞɨɜ] — ɧɚ- ɩɪɢɦɟɪ C6. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɫɩɢɫɤɚ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɤɨɦ- ɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɟ PCB ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɪɚɡɜɨɞ- ɤɢ ɩɟɱɚɬɧɵɯ ɩɥɚɬ.

Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɣ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ:

.MODEL <ɢɦɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ> RES ([ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ])

ɉɪɢɦɟɪ:

.MODEL RM RES (R=2.0 LOT=10% TC1=.015)

ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ, ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ ɜ Micro-Cap, ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥ. 5.1.

Ɍ ɚ ɛ ɥ ɢ ɰ ɚ 5 . 1 . ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ

ȼ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 5.3 ɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ ɡɚɞɚɧɚ ɩɚɪɚɡɢɬɧɚɹ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ CP=1ɩɎ, ɩɚɪɚɡɢɬɧɚɹ ɢɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ LS=10ɧȽɧ, ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɵɣ ɦɧɨɠɢɬɟɥɶ, ɨɩ- ɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɪɚɡɛɪɨɫ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ, R=1 LOT=5% ɢ ɥɢɧɟɣɧɵɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɣ

ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ 100ɦɤqC-1. ɂɡ-ɡɚ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɡɢɬɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬ-

ɪɨɜ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɪɟɡɨɧɚɧɫɧɵɣ ɩɢɤ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɋȼɑ.

ȼɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ

ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɞɜɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚ — ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɢɱɧɵɣ ɢ ɷɤɫɩɨɧɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ. Ʉɜɚɞɪɚɬɢɱɧɵɣ ɮɚɤɬɨɪ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɩɚ- ɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ TC1 ɢ TC2 ɢɥɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ <tc1>, <tc2> ɜ ɫɬɪɨɤɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɚ RESISTANCE. ɗɤɫɩɨɧɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɮɚɤɬɨɪ ɡɚɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ

TCE.

ȿɫɥɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɟ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬɵ [TC=<tc1>[,<tc2>]] ɭɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɜ ɫɬɪɨɤɟ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɚ RESISTANCE, ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ <ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ>*TF, ɝɞɟ TF ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ: