Микросхемотехника / amelina_m_a_amelin_s_a_programma_shemotehnicheskogo_modeliro

ɧɢɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɭɬɶ ɚɜɬɨɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹ, ɱɬɨ ɢ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɨɦ ɩɟ- ɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ (ɪɢɫ. 2.40 ɛ).

Ɋɢɫ. 2.40. ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɚ ɫ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɰɟɩɶɸ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɢ: ɚ — Ʌ ɑɏ ɢ ɅɎɑɏ ɪɚɡɨɦɤɧɭɬɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ; ɛ — ɩɭɫɤɨɜɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ

ɉɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɨɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɟ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤ [7, 10] ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɰɟɩɢ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɫɜɚɢ- ɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɦ ɫɯɟɦɵ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɰɟ- ɩɢ, ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɜ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ Region Enable=1 ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɫɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢ- ɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɚ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ (ɪɢɫ. 2.41, ɚ) ɫ ɯɨɪɨɲɢɦ ɡɚɩɚɫɨɦ ɭɫɬɨɣ- ɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɟ (ɮɚɡɚ ɩɟɪɟɫɟɤɚɟɬ 0 ɩɪɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɢ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɵ 25ɞȻ). ɋɢɫ- ɬɟɦɚ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫ ɬɚɤɢɦɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɣ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɨɦ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ (ɪɢɫ. 2.41, ɛ).

Ɋɢɫ. 2.41. ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɬɨɪɚ ɫ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɨɣ ɰɟɩɶɸ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɢ: ɚ — Ʌ ɑɏ ɢ ɅɎɑɏ ɪɚɡɨɦɤɧɭɬɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ; ɛ — ɩɭɫɤɨɜɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ

ɋɯɟɦɚ-ɩɪɢɦɟɪ demo09.cir ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɚɬɚɥɨɝɟ Demo ɚɪɯɢɜɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɨɜ.

2.5.10. ɋɢɧɬɟɡ ɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɚ

ɉɨɦɢɦɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɫɯɟɦ Micro-Cap ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢ- ɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɯ ɫɯɟɦ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɚ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɫɢɧɬɟɡ ɢ ɦɨ- ɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɚ ɧɚ ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɯ. ɉɭɫɬɶ ɢɦɟɸɬ- ɫɹ ɞɜɚ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ Y ɢ Z. ɐɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɬɶ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɩɨɥɧɵɣ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫ ɢɡ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɯ ɫɢɝɧɚ-

ɥɨɜ G ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ Y, ɢ ɜɬɨɪɭɸ ɩɨɥɧɭɸ ɩɚɭɡɭ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ Z.

ɋɢɧɬɟɡ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɚ ɩɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɭ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ

Ɍɟɨɪɢɹ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɯ ɫɢɧɯɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɚɫɢɧɯɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɨɜ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɢɯ ɫɢɧ- ɬɟɡɚ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ RS-ɬɪɢɝɝɟɪɨɜ ɢ ɦɭɥɶɬɢɩɥɟɤɫɨɪɨɜ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨ ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɜ [12].

ɋɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɭɟɦ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬ ɤɚɤ ɚɫɢɧɯɪɨɧɧɵɣ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬ Ɇɭɪɚ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨ- ɜɟ ɚɫɢɧɯɪɨɧɧɵɯ RS-ɬɪɢɝɝɟɪɨɜ. Ⱥɜɬɨɦɚɬɵ Ɇɭɪɚ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹɦɢ ɩɟ-

ɝɞɟ t ɢ zt — ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɚ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɜ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ t ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ. Ʉɚɠɞɨɟ ɧɨɜɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɚ ɨɞɧɨɡɧɚɱɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɞɲɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɦ ɢ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɦ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɦ, ɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɚ ɜ ɬɟɤɭɳɢɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɨɞɧɨɡɧɚɱɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɟɝɨ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɚ Ɇɭɪɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɦ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɚ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɦɭɸ ɧɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ ɢ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɢɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟ- ɧɢɹ ɛɟɡ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɚ, ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ. ɉɨ- ɷɬɨɦɭ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɚ (ɜɵɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɵ) ɦɨɠɧɨ ɭɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɜ ɜɟɪɲɢɧɚɯ ɝɪɚɮɚ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɨɜ.

ɋɨɫɬɚɜɢɦ ɝɪɚɮ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɨɜ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ, ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɤɚɤ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬ Ɇɭɪɚ (ɫɦ. ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɲɟ). ȼɟɪɲɢɧɵ ɝɪɚɮɚ (ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɵɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɚɜɬɨ- ɦɚɬɚ) ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɦ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɝɨɧɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ (ɤɨɞ Ƚɪɟɹ). ɂɫɯɨɞɧɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɚ 000.

ɍɫɥɨɜɢɟɦ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ Y ɢ ɩɚɭɡɵ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɚ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟɦ ɜɵɞɟɥɟ- ɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɩɚɭɡɵ — ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ Z ɢ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɚ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ

ɍɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɢ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɞɜɚ ɩɭɬɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɚɜɬɨɦɚ- ɬɚ ɢɡ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ 000 ɜ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ 001, ɥɢɛɨ 100. ɗɬɢ ɩɭɬɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 2.42 ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɫɬɪɟɥɤɚɦɢ.

Ɋɢɫ. 2.42. Ƚɪɚɮ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɨɜ ɚɫɢɧɯɪɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɚ Ɇɭɪɚ

ɉɨ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬ- ɪɟɬɶ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɚ ɜ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ. ɍɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɟɣ ɞɥɹ

ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɫɥɭɠɢɬ (Y Z ).

Ɉɯɜɚɬɢɦ ɡɚɦɤɧɭɬɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɟɣ ɜɫɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɝɪɚɮɟ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɨɜ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢ ɬɨɣ ɠɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ (ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ) ɪɚɜɧɵ 1. ɗɬɢ ɡɚɦɤɧɭɬɵɟ ɤɪɢɜɵɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɵ ɫɩɥɨɲɧɨɣ (Q1=1), ɲɬɪɢɯɨɜɨɣ (Q2=1) ɢ ɩɭɧɤɬɢɪɧɨɣ ɥɢɧɢɹɦɢ (Q3=1) ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ.

ȼɯɨɞ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɚ ɜ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɭɸ ɡɚɦɤɧɭɬɭɸ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɢɡ ɧɟɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɢɝɝɟɪɨɜ. ɋɬɪɟɥɤɢ, ɜɯɨɞɹɳɢɟ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ, ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɬ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɵ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ (ɩɪɢɫɜɚɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɟɞɢ- ɧɢɱɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ), ɚ ɫɬɪɟɥɤɢ, ɜɵɯɨɞɹɳɢɟ ɢɡ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ, — ɫɢɝɧɚɥɵ ɫɛɪɨɫɚ (ɩɪɢ- ɫɜɚɢɜɚɸɳɟɟ ɟɣ ɧɭɥɟɜɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ).

Ⱦɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɬɪɢɝɝɟɪɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɞɜɚ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɫɭɦɦɵ ɩɪɨ- ɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ (ȾɇɎ): ɨɞɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ (PreBar — S), ɚ ɞɪɭɝɨɟ ɞɥɹ ɫɢɝ- ɧɚɥɚ ɫɛɪɨɫɚ (ClrBar — R). Ʉɚɠɞɨɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɶ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ (ɫɢɝɧɚɥɵ ɩɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ) ɢ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɟ ɩɟɪɟ- ɦɟɧɧɵɟ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɨɦ, ɧɨ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɹɸɳɢɟ ɫɜɨɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ.

ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ ɞɜɨɢɱɧɵɟ ɪɚɡɪɹɞɵ ɤɨɞɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɜ ɤɨɞɟ Ƚɪɟɹ. ȼɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɝɚ- ɪɚɧɬɢɪɭɟɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɨɜ ɜ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ.

ɉɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ

ɉɨɫɥɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɫɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɚɫɢɧɯɪɨɧɧɵɯ RS-ɬɪɢɝɝɟɪɨɜ, ɪɟɚɥɢ- ɡɭɸɳɚɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ. Ⱦɥɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ Micro-Cap 9, 10 ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɚɫɢɧɯɪɨɧɧɵɯ RS-ɬɪɢɝɝɟɪɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭ- ɸɬɫɹ JK ɢɥɢ D-ɬɪɢɝɝɟɪɚ ɫ ɚɫɢɧɯɪɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɜɯɨɞɚɦɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ (PREBAR) ɢ ɫɛɪɨɫɚ (CLRBAR). ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜɯɨɞɵ ɫɢɧɯɪɨɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɜɯɨɞɵ ɧɟ ɡɚɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɬɫɹ.

ɋɯɟɦɚ ɞɥɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 2.43. Ɉɧɚ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɫɹ ɫɨɝɥɚɫ- ɧɨ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɦ, ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɦ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɢɯ ɩɭɧɤɬɚɯ. ɐɢɮɪɨɜɵɟ ɦɢɤɪɨɫɯɟɦɵ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɸɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚ Component>Digital Library>… ȼ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɚ ɫɟɪɢɹ ɂɆɋ ɌɌɅ 74NNN. ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɪɢɫɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɢ ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɭɞɨɛɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɵ ɪɚɫɬɹɝɢɜɚɸɳɚɹɫɹ ɥɢ-

ɧɢɹ , ɨɪɬɨɝɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɢɤ ɢ ɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɲɢɧɚ Component>Analog Primitives>Connectors>Tie (ɜ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɧɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ).

Ⱦɥɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɧɭɠɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɡɚɩɪɨ-

ɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɬɟɫɬɨɜɵɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɨɞɧɨɛɢɬɨɜɵɯ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɯ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ U1 (Y), U2 (Z), U3 (G). Ɉɞɧɨɛɢɬɨɜɵɟ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɟ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨ-

ɪɵ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɸɬɫɹ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɨɣ Component>Digital Primitives>Stimulus Generators>Stim1. ɉɪɢ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɧɚ ɩɨɥɟ ɫɯɟɦɵ (ɢɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɟɝɨ ɜɵɛɨɪɟ ɞɜɨɣɧɵɦ ɤɥɢɤɨɦ ɦɵɲɢ) ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɤɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɟɝɨ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ, ɜ ɧɢɠɧɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɟ ɡɚɞɚɬɶ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɥɨ- ɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ (ɪɢɫ. 2.44). Ⱦɨ ɷɬɨɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɵ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɨɜɚɬɶ

ɪɚɫɱɟɪɬɢɬɶ ɤɚɪɚɧɞɚɲɨɦ ɧɚ ɥɢɫɬɟ ɤɥɟɬɱɚɬɨɣ ɛɭɦɚɝɟ ɬɟɫɬɨɜɵɟ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɟ ɫɢɝ- ɧɚɥɵ, ɤɥɟɬɤɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɬɚɤɬɚ (ɜ ɧɚɲɟɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ — 1 ɦɤɫ). ɉɨɫɥɟ ɜɜɨɞɚ ɡɚɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɨɤɧɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɢ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɹ ɈɄ, ɬɟɤɫɬ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ- ɫɬɢ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɦ ɨɤɧɟ Text (ɜ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɨɧ ɩɟɪɟ- ɧɟɫɟɧ ɧɚ ɩɨɥɟ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɚɦɢ Cut, Paste, ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ. 2.43).

Ɋɢɫ. 2.43. ɋɯɟɦɚ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɚ ɜ ɨɤɧɟ ɫɯɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɞɚɤɬɨɪɚ Micro-Cap

Ɉɬɦɟɬɢɦ, ɱɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɯ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ ɜ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢ- ɜɚɟɦɨɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɨ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɪɟɦɟɧ (ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶ- ɧɨ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹ — ɫɦɟɧɵ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ). Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɮɢɤɫ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɡɧɚɤɚ «+».

Ɋɢɫ. 2.44. Ɉɤɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ

ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ, ɱɬɨ ɟɫɥɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɟɪɟɧɟɫɬɢ ɱɚɫɬɶ SPICE-ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɧɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɭɸ ɫɬɪɨɤɭ, ɬɨ ɬɨɠɟ ɫɬɚɜɢɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɤ «+» ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɬɪɨɤɢ (ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɦɢ SPICE). ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɫɬɪɨɤɚ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚ- ɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ ɜ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɞɜɭɯ ɩɥɸɫɨɜ. ɉɟɪ- ɜɵɣ ɡɧɚɤ «+» ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫ SPICE-ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɧɚ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɭɸ ɫɬɪɨɤɭ, ɜɬɨɪɨɣ

— ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ, ɨɬɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɦɨɟ ɨɬ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹ.

Ɋɢɫ. 2.46. ȼɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɢɚɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɚ Ɇɭɪɚ

ɋɯɟɦɚ-ɩɪɢɦɟɪ demo10.cir ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɚɬɚɥɨɝɟ Demo ɚɪɯɢɜɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɨɜ.

2.5.11. Ɋɚɫɱɟɬ ɢɧɬɟɪɦɨɞɭɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ

Ɉɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɜ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɜɧɨɫɢɦɵɯ ɢɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɦɨɞɭɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɣ. ɂɧɬɟɪɦɨɞɭɥɹɰɢɨɧ- ɧɵɟ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɹ (IMD) ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤ,

ɩɨɹɜɢɜɲɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɟ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɞɚɱɟ ɧɚ ɟɝɨ ɜɯɨɞ ɞɜɭɯ ɫɢɧɭɫɨɢɞɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ. ȼ ɨɛɳɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ IMD

ɜɵɱɢɫɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɭɦɦɵ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞ ɜɫɟɯ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤ ɤ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɭɦɦɟ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ.

ȼ ɡɜɭɤɨɬɟɯɧɢɤɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦ ɞɜɚ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɬɟɪ- ɦɨɞɭɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɣ. ɉɟɪɜɵɣ — ɤɨɝɞɚ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚɦɢ ɜɯɨɞ- ɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɜɟɥɢɤɚ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, 4 ɤȽɰ ɢ 17 ɤȽɰ) ɢ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɵ ɬɟɫ- ɬɨɜɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɦ. ɗɬɨ ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ «ɦɹɝɤɢɣ» ɦɟɬɨɞ ɢɡɦɟɪɟɧɢɣ, ɧɟ ɞɚɸɳɟɣ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɵ ɨɛ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɹɯ.

ȼɬɨɪɨɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ — ɤɨɝɞɚ ɛɟɪɭɬɫɹ ɛɥɢɡɤɢɟ ɩɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, 19 ɤȽɰ ɢ 20 ɤȽɰ) ɫ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨɣ (ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ) ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɨɣ. Ɍɚɤɨɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɢɫɩɵ- ɬɚɧɢɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ «ɠɟɫɬɤɢɦ», ɧɨ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɨɧ ɞɚɟɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɨɰɟɧɤɭ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɭ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ.

Micro-Cap 9 (ɜ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ Micro-Cap 10) ɧɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɜɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɢɧɬɟɪɦɨɞɭɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɣ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ IMD ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ FFT ɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ Performance. Ȼɨɥɟɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɝɪɚɮɢɤ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ IMD ɨɬ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɨɬ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɵ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ.

Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɢɧɬɟɪɦɨɞɭɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɣ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ. Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɟ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞ-

ɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚ CCIF [16]. ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɷɬɨɣ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɟ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɩɨɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɞɜɟ ɫɢɧɭɫɨɢɞɵ ɫ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚɦɢ, ɛɥɢɡɤɢɦɢ ɤ ɟɝɨ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɝɪɚɧɢɱɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɟ. ɉɭɫɬɶ ɷɬɨ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ f1=20 ɤȽɰ ɢ f2=19 ɤȽɰ. Ɍɨɝɞɚ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤɢ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ: (f1+f2)=39 ɤȽɰ ɢ (f1 – f2)=1 ɤȽɰ. ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤɢ ɬɪɟɬɶɟɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ: (2f1 + f2) = 59 ɤȽɰ, (2f1–f2)=21 ɤȽɰ, (f1+2f2) = 58 ɤȽɰ ɢ (f1–2f2) = 18 ɤȽɰ.

Ʉɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤɢ 2-ɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬ- ɫɹ ɩɨ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɟ ɨɬ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɫɢɧɭɫɨɢɞɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ, ɬɨɝɞɚ ɤɚɤ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɤɨɦɛɢ- ɧɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ 3-ɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɛɥɢɡɤɢ ɤ ɷɬɢɦ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚɦ.

ɇɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɢɣ ɜɤɥɚɞ ɜ IMD ɜɧɨɫɹɬ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ 3-ɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞ- ɤɚ, ɫ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚɦɢ, ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɛɥɢɡɤɢɦɢ ɤ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɦ ɫɢɧɭɫɨɢɞɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚɦ. ȼ

ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɷɬɨ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤɢ ɫ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚɦɢ

(2f1–f2) = 21 ɤȽɰ) ɢ (2f2 – f1) = 18 ɤȽɰ.

Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɡɚɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɜɵɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɟ IMD ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚ- ɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɢ ɬɪɟɬɶɟɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɨɜ. Ⱦɥɹ ɭɱɟɬɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸ- ɳɢɯ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɩɨɧɚɞɨɛɢɬɫɹ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɞɥɢɧɧɚɹ ɫɬɪɨɤɚ ɮɨɪɦɭɥ, ɱɬɨ

ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɢɬ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɚ ɢ ɥɢɲɶ ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɬ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ.

ɇɚ ɜɯɨɞ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ (ɭɡɟɥ In) ɩɨɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɫ ɞɜɭɯ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚ- ɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɫɢɧɭɫɨɢɞɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ V11 ɢ V12 (ɪɢɫ. 2.47). ɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ (ɭɡɟɥ O), ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɟ ɫ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɦ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ.

Ɋɢɫ. 2.47. ɉɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɫɩɵɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɤ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɸ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ

ɉɪɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɢ ɮɨɪɦɭɥ ɠɟɥɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ ɢ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞ ɜɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɯ ɢ ɨɤɧɚɯ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ ɢ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɵ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛ- ɪɚɡɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɟ ɱɢɫɥɨɜɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ, ɚ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ, ɤɨɬɨ- ɪɵɦ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɨɣ .Define ɩɪɢɫɜɚɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟ-

ɧɢɹ (ɪɢɫ. 2.48).

Ɋɢɫ. 2.48. Ɏɪɚɝɦɟɧɬ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɫ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɦɢ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɚɦɢ

Ⱦɥɹ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɵ ɫɢɧɭɫɨɢɞɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɛɭɞɟɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨ- ɜɚɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɭɸ Vm, ɞɥɹ ɦɟɧɶɲɟɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ – FL, ɞɥɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ – FH. Ⱦɥɹ

ɩɪɢɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɢɦ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɩɨɥɟ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɡɚɩɢɫɚɬɶ (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ. 2.48):

.Define Vm 0.25

.Define FL 19k

.Define FH 20k

ɗɬɢ ɠɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɜɧɟɫɬɢ ɜ ɩɨɥɹ ɨɤɧɚ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɫɢɧɭɫɨɢɞɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ (ɩɨɥɹ A ɢ F ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, ɪɢɫ. 2.47). Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɜ ɩɨɥɟ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɡɚɞɚɬɶ ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤ:

.Define a (Fh-Fl)

.Define b (Fh+Fl)

.Define c (2*Fl-Fh)

.Define d (2*Fh-Fl)

.Define g (2*Fl+Fh)

.Define h (2*Fh+Fl)

Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɩɨɥɟ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɸ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɫɪɟɞ- ɧɟɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ (ɜɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɭɸ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɸ RMS ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɢɫ- ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɟɥɶɡɹ):

.Define Ki(Ha,Hb,Hc,Hd,Hg,Hh,Hfh) (SQRT(Ha^2+Hb^2+Hc^2+Hd^2+Hg^2+Hh^2)

/Hfh*100)

ɉɨɫɥɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɤ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɸ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨ- ɰɟɫɫɨɜ (ɪɢɫ. 2.49). ɇɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɟ – ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ V(O) ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟ- ɥɹ (ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɭɡɥɟ O). ɇɚ ɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɟ – ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ V(O).

Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɜ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɢɥɢɫɶ ɜɫɟ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɢ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɥɚɫɶ ɜ ɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ. ɉɪɢ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɨɣ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɟ ɫɚɦɵɣ «ɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɵɣ» ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɬɟɫɬɨɜɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɨɬ. ȼɪɟɦɹ ɪɚɫɱɟ- ɬɚ Time Range ɡɚɞɚɧɨ ɪɚɜɧɵɦ ɩɹɬɢ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚɦ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ «ɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ» ɩɪɨ- ɰɟɫɫɚ — 5/(Fh-Fl). ɋɱɢɬɚɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɡɚ ɱɟɬɵɪɟ ɩɟɪɜɵɯ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɜɫɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɜ ɫɯɟ- ɦɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɬɫɹ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ Ɏɭɪɶɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɹɬɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ. ȿɫ- ɥɢ ɜ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɢɦɟɸɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɧɟɪɰɢɨɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɬɨ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɨɜ ɦɨɠɧɨ

ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɬɶ, ɚ ɩɪɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ Ɏɭɪɶɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɣ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ. ȼɵɜɨɞ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ «ɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ» ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɞɥɹ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚ ɜɵ- ɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɨɥɟ X Range — 5/(Fh-Fl),4/(Fh-Fl),0.1m.

Ɋɢɫ. 2.49. Ɉɤɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ

ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ Ɏɭɪɶɟ ɧɚɞɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨ- ɫɥɟɞɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ, ɡɚɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɤɟ FFT ɨɤɧɚ Properties for Transient Analysis (ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɧɨɩɤɨɣ Properties ɢɡ ɨɤɧɚ Transient Analysis Limits). ȼ

ɷɬɨɦ ɠɟ ɨɤɧɟ ɡɚɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɨɬɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ɏɭɪɶɟ ɢ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɤ (ɪɢɫ. 2.50).

Ɋɢɫ. 2.50. Ɉɤɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ FFT

Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ IMD ɨɬ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɵ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨ- ɞɢɦɨ ɡɚɞɚɬɶ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɤɧɟ Stepping (ɪɢɫ. 2.51). Ɉɤɧɨ

ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɨɢɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɧɨɩɤɨɣ ɜ Transient Analysis Limits. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɤɧɟ ɜ ɩɨɥɟ Step What ɡɚɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɣ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪ VM – ɢɦɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ, ɤɨɬɨ- ɪɵɦ ɦɵ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɢɥɢ ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɭ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɫɢɧɭɫɨɢɞɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ. ȼ ɩɨɥɟ From – ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ (50ɦȼ), ɜ ɩɨɥɟ To – ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɟ (500ɦȼ), ɜ ɩɨɥɟ Step Value – ɲɚɝ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ (1.1). ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɜɵɛɪɚɧ ɥɨɝɚɪɢɮɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɢɡ- ɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚ, ɬɨ ɲɚɝ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɛɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤ ɬɟɤɭɳɟɦɭ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸ, ɚ ɭɦɧɨɠɚ- ɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɧɟɝɨ. Ɍɢɩ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚ ɡɚɞɚɧ Symbolic, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ VM.

ɉɨɫɥɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɡɚɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɢ ɩɨɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ.