Микросхемотехника / amelina_m_a_amelin_s_a_programma_shemotehnicheskogo_modeliro
.pdf2. Ʉɪ ɬɤɢɣ ɨɡɧ ɤɨɦɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɷɤɫɤɭɪɫ |
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ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɩɨ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ; ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɟ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɤ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟ-
ɦɨɝɨ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɢ ɢɯ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ. Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɢɦ ɷɬɢ ɷɬɚɩɵ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɟɟ.
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
Ɇɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɭɦɟɜɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɷɬɨ ɭɫɬɪɨɣ- ɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɨ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧ ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɟɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɢɧɠɟ- ɧɟɪɧɵɦɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɜɯɨɞɢɬɶ:
xɉɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɨ- ɜɟɪɤɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ;
xɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɪɚɡɛɪɨɫɭ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ;
xɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɟɫɬɚɰɢɨɧɚɪɧɵɯ ɢ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɵɯ ɪɟɠɢɦɨɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ;
xɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɧɟɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ;
xɉɨɞɛɨɪ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɰɟɩɟɣ ɢɥɢ ɢɯ ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɩɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɦ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢ- ɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ.
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɭɟɦɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ, ɪɚɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɟɟ ɧɚ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɡɥɵ ɢ ɜɵɛɨɪ ɭɩɪɨɳɚɸɳɢɯ ɞɨɩɭɳɟɧɢɣ
Ʉɚɤ ɭɠɟ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɥɨɫɶ ɜɵɲɟ, ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ ɫɥɨɠɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɜ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɣ ɫɯɟ- ɦɟ ɬɪɭɞɧɨ ɧɚɣɬɢ ɨɲɢɛɤɭ. ȿɫɥɢ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɥɧɭɸ ɩɪɢɧ- ɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ, ɜɪɟɦɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɬɚɬɶ ɧɟɨɩɪɚɜɞɚɧɧɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ, ɥɢɛɨ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɧɟ ɭɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɜɨɜɫɟ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɜɵ- ɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɣ (ɩɨɹɜɢɬɫɹ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ «ɦɚɬɪɢɰɚ ɫɢɧɝɭɥɹɪɧɚ»).
Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ, ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɢ ɜɫɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɡɥɨɜ. ȼɫɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɡɥɵ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢ-
ɜɚɸɬ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɪɟɠɢɦɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɭɡɥɨɜ ɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɧɟɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ (ɩɨ ɤɪɚɣɧɟɣ ɦɟɪɟ, ɧɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ). Ʉ ɧɢɦ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɰɟɩɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ, ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɬɨɤɚ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ, ɡɚɞɚɸɳɢɟ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪɵ ɢ ɬ.ɩ. Ʉɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɜɫɟ ɷɬɢ ɭɡɥɵ ɰɟɥɢɤɨɦ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɡɚɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵ- ɦɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɹɦɢ Micro-Cap.
ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɭɩɪɨɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ:
xɂɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ — battery.
xɂɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ (ɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɬɪɨɧ, ɩɪɹɦɨɫɦɟɳɟɧɧɵɣ ɞɢɨɞ) — battery.
xɂɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɬɨɤɚ — Isource.
xɁɚɞɚɸɳɢɣ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪ (ɩɪɹɦɨɭɝɨɥɶɧɢɤ, ɩɢɥɚ) — pulse source.
xɋɟɬɶ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ (220ȼ, 50Ƚɰ) — sine source.
xɉɨɧɢɠɚɸɳɢɣ ɫɟɬɟɜɨɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪ — sine source.
xȼɚɪɢɤɚɩ — capacitor.
xɄɨɦɩɚɪɚɬɨɪ, ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɧɵɣ ɤɥɸɱ — switch.
xɈɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶ ɫ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɟɦ — function source.
Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɜ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɞɟɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨ- ɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɛɥɨɤɢ (ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶ, ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɬɨɪ, ɬɪɢɝɝɟɪ ɒɦɢɞɬɚ, ɬɚɣɦɟɪ ɢ ɬ.ɩ.), ɜɵ-
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ɉɪɨɝɪ ɦɦ ɫɯɟɦɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜ ɧɢɹ Micro-Cap. ȼɟɪɫɢɢ 9, 10 |
ɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɦɚɤɪɨɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ. ɇɚɛɨɪ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɦɚɤɪɨɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ɜ Micro-Cap 9, 10 ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɨɛɲɢɪɟɧ ɢ ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɢ ɦɚɤɪɨɦɨɞɟɥɢ.
ɉɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɭɩɪɨɳɚɸɳɢɯ ɞɨɩɭɳɟɧɢɣ
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɹ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɟ ɜɵɲɟ ɞɨɩɭɳɟɧɢɹ, ɫɬɪɨɢɬɫɹ ɭɩɪɨɳɟɧɧɚɹ ɦɨ- ɞɟɥɶ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ. Ɋɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɨɣ ɨɲɢɛɤɨɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ- ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɫɪɚɡɭ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ. ȿɫɥɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɭɟɦɨɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɟ, ɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɩɨɥɶɡɨ- ɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɩɨɛɥɨɱɧɨɣ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɦ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɥɚɞɤɢ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ. ɋɭɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɞɨɛɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɪɚ- ɛɨɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɡɥɨɜ ɢ ɥɢɲɶ ɩɨɬɨɦ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɹɸɬ ɢɯ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ. ɇɚ- ɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɩɪɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɩɪɨɦɨɞɟ- ɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɤɚɫɤɚɞ ɧɚ Ɉɍ (ɧɟ ɡɚɛɵɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɡɚɦɤ- ɧɭɬɶ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɭɸ ɫɜɹɡɶ), ɡɚɬɟɦ ɩɨɞɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬɶ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɵ, ɩɨɞɨɛɪɚɬɶ ɧɚ-
ɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɫɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɢɯ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɨɜ ɢ ɥɢɲɶ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɡɚɜɟɫɬɢ ɨɛɳɭɸ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɭɸ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɢ ɞɨɛɚɜɢɬɶ ɰɟɩɢ ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɛɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɢ ɢ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɩɨ ɬɨɤɭ. ɉɪɟ- ɧɟɛɪɟɠɟɧɢɟ ɷɬɢɦ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨɦ ɢɧɨɝɞɚ ɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɹɟɬ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɫɩɨ- ɫɨɛɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ.
Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɧɟ ɫɬɨɢɬ ɡɚɛɵɜɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɢɫɤ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧ- ɬɨɜ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɤɚɤɨɝɨ-ɧɢɛɭɞɶ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɜ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ) ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɧɟɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɟɧ. Ⱦɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧ- ɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ $Generic ɢɥɢ ɛɥɢɠɚɣɲɟɣ ɩɨ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ, ɢɦɟɸɳɟɣɫɹ ɜ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɟ Micro-Cap (ɟɫɥɢ, ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨ, ɰɟɥɶɸ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɫ- ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ).
Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɢɦɟɸɳɭɸɫɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɞɪɟɞɚɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟ- ɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɫɨ ɫɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɵɦɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɧɭɠɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ.
Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɭɩɪɨɳɟɧɧɵɯ (ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɧɵɯ) ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ) ɧɟ ɫɥɟ- ɞɭɟɬ ɡɚɛɵɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɨ ɢɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ. Ʉ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɭ, ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɢɹ ɭ ɩɪɨ- ɫɬɟɣɲɟɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɹ (ɦɨɞɟɥɶ Level 1) ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɬ ɤ ɧɟɪɚ- ɛɨɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɹɞɚ ɫɯɟɦ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɷɬɨɬ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɪɚ- ɛɨɬɵ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ.
ɉɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɩɨ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɭɩɪɨɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɵ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬ- ɜɢɢ ɫ ɡɚɞɚɱɚɦɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɇɚ ɷɬɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚ- ɬɨɜ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɢɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵɯ ɭɩɪɨ- ɳɚɸɳɢɯ ɞɨɩɭɳɟɧɢɣ ɢ, ɟɫɥɢ ɧɭɠɧɨ, ɩɪɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɭɫɥɨɠɧɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ. ɇɚ ɷɬɨɦ ɠɟ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɩɨɞɛɨɪ ɰɟɩɟɣ ɫɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɬɚ- ɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦ ɤɨɦɩɨ- ɧɟɧɬɨɜ.
Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɟ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɤ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ, ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɢ ɢɯ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ
ɇɚ ɷɬɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɩɨ ɫɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬ ɜɫɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɢ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɢɯ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɞɟɥɚɸɬ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ.
2. Ʉɪ ɬɤɢɣ ɨɡɧ ɤɨɦɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɷɤɫɤɭɪɫ |
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2.4. Ɋɭɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ Micro-Cap ɢ ɜɵɛɨɪ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɨɜ ɍȽɈ
2.4.1. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɹɡɵɱɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɚ
Micro-Cap 9, 10 ɜ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɢɯ ɜɟɪɫɢɣ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɦɢ ɹɡɵɤɚɦɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɚ. ȼɫɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɧɨɟ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɞɧɨɦ ɮɚɣɥɟ-ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɟ .dll. ȼ ɲɬɚɬɧɨɣ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɤɟ Micro-Cap ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɚ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɚ (ɞɥɹ ɚɧɝɥɨɹɡɵɱɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɚ) — MC9eng.dll (MC9demoeng.dll ɞɥɹ ɞɟɦɨɜɟɪɫɢɢ). Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɧɟɬ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨ- ɛɥɟɦ ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɥɨɤɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɨɜ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ. ɉɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɧɢɦɢ — ɲɬɚɬɧɚɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ MC9,
MC10.
Ʌɨɤɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɜɟɪɫɢɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ ɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɩɨɩɭ- ɥɹɪɧɨɫɬɶɸ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɫɨɦɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɞɨɛɫɬɜɚɯ ɭ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɚ ɟɫɬɶ ɨɞɢɧ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɤ — ɬɪɭɞɧɨ (ɚ ɢɧɨɝɞɚ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ) ɩɨɥɶ- ɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɫɤɚɡɤɨɣ (ɟɫɥɢ ɨɧɚ ɧɟ ɥɨɤɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɚ), ɮɢɪɦɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɢ ɤɧɢɝɚɦɢ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ (ɚɧɝɥɨɹɡɵɱ- ɧɵɣ) ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜɟɪɫɢɟɣ ɫ ɪɭɫɫɤɢɦ ɢɧ- ɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɨɦ ɩɪɨɳɟ, ɚ ɪɚɡɛɢɪɚɬɶɫɹ ɢ ɢɡɭɱɚɬɶ ɩɨ ɧɟɣ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ Micro-Cap — ɧɚɦɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɠɧɟɟ (ɡɚ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɯ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɯ ɢ ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɣ).
Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɜ Micro-Cap ɟɫɬɶ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɬɪɨɤɚ (status bar). ȼ ɧɟɣ ɩɨɹɜ- ɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɪɚɬɤɨɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɦɨ- ɦɟɧɬ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɤɭɪɫɨɪ. ȿɳɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɤɪɚɬɤɨɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɹɞɨɦ ɫ ɤɭɪ- ɫɨɪɨɦ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɧɚ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɚ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ, ɟɫɥɢ ɪɭɫɢɮɢɰɢɪɨ- ɜɚɬɶ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɫɬɪɨɤɭ, ɬɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɵɣ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ — ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫ ɢ ɜɫɟ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɵ ɨɫɬɚɧɭɬɫɹ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɦɢ (ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɨɩɢɫɚ- ɧɢɹɦɢ), ɧɨ ɜ ɬɨɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɨɧɢ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɞɭɛɥɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɪɭɫɫɤɢ ɜ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚ- ɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɨɤɟ. Ɍɚɤɨɣ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ ɥɨɤɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɤɚɡɚɬɶɫɹ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɭɞɨɛ- ɧɵɦ ɞɥɹ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ: ɨɩɵɬɧɵɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɲɚɸɬ ɪɭɫɫɤɢɟ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ (ɨɧɢ ɩɪɢɜɵɤɥɢ ɤ ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɦ), ɚ ɧɨɜɢɱɤɚɦ ɫɦɵɫɥ ɤɨɦɚɧɞ ɹɫɟɧ ɢɡ ɢɧ- ɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɨɤɢ.
Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɪɭɫɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ ɬɨɠɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɧɚ ɠɢɡɧɶ. Ɉɧ, ɫɤɨɪɟɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɛɭɞɟɬ ɜɨɫɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧ ɬɟɦɢ, ɤɬɨ ɧɟ ɯɨɱɟɬ (ɢɥɢ ɤɨɦɭ ɧɟ ɧɚɞɨ) ɪɚɡɛɢɪɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɯ Micro-Cap, ɚ ɫɨɛɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶ- ɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɯ ɢ ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɵɯ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɚɜɬɨɪɵ ɤɧɢɝɢ ɪɚɡɪɚ- ɛɨɬɚɥɢ ɞɜɚ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚ ɪɭɫɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɚ ɞɥɹ MicroCap 9. ɋɤɚɱɚɬɶ ɢɯ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫ ɫɚɣɬɚ http://www.microcap-model.narod.ru ɢɥɢ ɫ ɮɨ- ɪɭɦɚ www.microcap.forum24.ru.
ȼɵɛɨɪ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɚ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ ɦɟɧɸ
Options>Preferences>International Settings. ɉɨɞɪɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤ ɥɨɤɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɦɨɬɪɢɬɟ ɧɚ ɫɚɣɬɟ ɢ ɜ ɮɨɪɭɦɟ ɩɨ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɦ ɫɫɵɥɤɚɦ.
2.4.2. ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɨɜ ɍȽɈ
ɉɨ ɭɦɨɥɱɚɧɢɸ ɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ Micro-Cap 9, 10 ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧ ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɢɣ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɯ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ (Main). ɇɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɚ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚ (ȿuro) ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɨɜ. ȼɵɛɨɪ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚ, ɤɨɬɨ- ɪɵɣ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ, ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɤɧɟ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ
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ɉɪɨɝɪ ɦɦ |
ɫɯɟɦɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜ ɧɢɹ Micro-Cap. ȼɟɪɫɢɢ 9, 10 |
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ɞɥɹ ɧɨɜɵɯ |
ɫɯɟɦ (ɦɟɧɸ |
OPTIONS> Default Properties For |
New Circuits) |
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(ɪɢɫ. 2.6). |
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ɉɪɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɢ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɫɯɟɦ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬ, |
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɢɦɟɟɬ |
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ɧɚɢɜɵɫɲɢɣ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬ (ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ Main). ɇɚ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɧɟ ɛɭɞɭɬ.
Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨɥɧɨɟ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚ, ɧɨ ɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ ɍȽɈ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɞɥɹ ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚ Main ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɬɶ ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɟ ɧɚɱɟɪɬɚɧɢɟ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ. ɋɞɟ- ɥɚɬɶ ɷɬɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɪɟɞɚɤɬɨɪ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɝɥɚɜɧɨ-
ɝɨ ɦɟɧɸ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɨɣ Windows>Component Editor (ɪɢɫ. 2.7).
Ɋɢɫ. 2.6. ȼɵɛɨɪ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɨɜ ɍȽɈ.
Ɋɢɫ. 2.7 ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɍȽɈ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ ɜ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɟ Main
ɉɨ ɭɦɨɥɱɚɧɢɸ ɜ ɩɨɥɟ Shape ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬ Main, ɚ ɜ ɧɟɦ ɍȽɈ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ Resistor. ȿɫɥɢ ɍȽɈ ɡɚɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɧɚ Resistor_Euro, ɬɨ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɜɧɨɜɶ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɫɯɟɦɚɯ ɧɚɱɟɪɬɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɨɜ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɬɫɹ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɟɫɥɢ ɷɬɨɬ ɫɯɟɦɧɵɣ ɮɚɣɥ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɶ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɸ, ɭ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶ- ɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ Main, ɬɨ ɭ ɧɟɝɨ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɵ ɜɟɪɧɭɬɫɹ ɤ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨ- ɦɭ ɜɢɞɭ, ɩɪɢɧɹɬɨɦɭ ɞɥɹ ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɚ.
2. Ʉɪ ɬɤɢɣ ɨɡɧ ɤɨɦɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɷɤɫɤɭɪɫ |
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2.5.ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɯɟɦ
2.5.1.Ɍɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɧɵɣ ɤɚɫɤɚɞ ɩɨ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɫ ɨɛɳɢɦ ɷɦɢɬɬɟɪɨɦ
ɉɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɉɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɢɦ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɚ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɧɚɞɨ ɧɚɪɢɫɨɜɚɬɶ ɜ ɨɤɧɟ ɟɝɨ ɫɯɟɦɭ. ɉɭɫɬɶ ɷɬɨ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɚɫɤɚɞ ɧɚ ɛɢɩɨɥɹɪɧɨɦ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɟ ɩɨ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɫ ɨɛɳɢɦ ɷɦɢɬɬɟɪɨɦ. ɗɬɚ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɩɪɨɫɬɚɹ ɢ ɧɢɤɚɤɢɯ ɭɩɪɨɳɚɸɳɢɯ ɞɨɩɭɳɟɧɢɣ ɧɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɜɜɨɞɚ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ ɜ Micro-Cap ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɬɪɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚ: ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɧɚ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ (ɬɚɦ ɢɦɟɸɬɫɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɟ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɢɛɨ- ɥɟɟ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ), ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɜ ɦɟɧɸ Component ɥɢɛɨ ɧɚ ɥɟɜɨɣ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ. ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɭɞɨɛɧɨ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɢ ɥɟ- ɜɨɣ ɩɚɧɟɥɹɦɢ.
ɇɚ ɥɟɜɨɣ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ Active Devices ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ NPN (ɪɢɫ. 2.8). ɉɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɟɝɨ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɟ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ.
Ɋɢɫ. 2.8. ɉɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɚ
ɉɨɦɟɳɚɟɦ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪ ɜ ɧɭɠɧɨɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɢ ɧɚɠɢɦɚɟɦ ɥɟɜɭɸ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɭ ɦɵɲɢ. ɉɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɤɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ. ȼ ɩɪɚɜɨɣ ɟɝɨ ɱɚɫɬɢ – ɫɩɢ- ɫɨɤ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ Micro-Cap 9, 10. ȿɫɥɢ ɧɭɠɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɧ- ɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ ɜ ɫɩɢɫɤɟ ɧɟɬ, ɬɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɧɭɸ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ $GENERIC_N. ȼ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɟɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɡɚɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɥɸɛɭɸ ɞɪɭɝɭɸ. Ʉɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɦ ɚɜɬɨ- ɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɪɢɫɜɚɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ (ɜ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ). ɇɚɲ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɟ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ Q1.
Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɧɚ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɧɚɠɢɦɚɟɦ ɹɪɥɵɱɨɤ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ ɢ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɦ ɞɨ- ɛɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɷɬɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ ɜ ɫɯɟɦɭ. ȿɫɥɢ ɧɚɠɚɬɶ ɥɟɜɭɸ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɭ ɦɵɲɢ, ɢ, ɭɞɟɪ- ɠɢɜɚɹ ɟɟ, ɧɚɠɢɦɚɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɭɸ, ɬɨ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɜɪɚɳɚɬɶɫɹ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɨɬɩɭɫɤɚ- ɧɢɹ ɥɟɜɨɣ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɢ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɤɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ. Ⱦɥɹ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ. ɋɬɨɢɬ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ, ɱɬɨ ɰɟɥɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɨɬɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɞɪɨɛɧɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɨɣ, ɚ ɧɟ ɡɚɩɹɬɨɣ. Ɇɧɨɠɢɬɟɥɶ U (u) ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ ɦɢɤɪɨ, M (m) – ɦɢɥɥɢ (ɫɦ. ɬɚɛɥ. 2.1). Ɉɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɧɟɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ ɩɨɡɠɟ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɦ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ ɤɧɢɝɢ. ɉɪɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɢ
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ɉɪɨɝɪ ɦɦ ɫɯɟɦɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜ ɧɢɹ Micro-Cap. ȼɟɪɫɢɢ 9, 10 |
ɫɯɟɦɵ ɠɟɥɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɯ ɧɚɞɩɢɫɟɣ, ɩɨɡɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɧɨɦɟɪɨɜ ɭɡɥɨɜ.
ɉɭɫɬɶ ɧɚ ɤɚɫɤɚɞ ɩɨɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɫ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɫɢɧɭɫɨɢɞɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟ- ɧɢɹ ɫ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɨɣ 100 ɤȽɰ, ɚɦɩɥɢɬɭɞɨɣ 40ɦȼ ɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɦ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ 10 Ɉɦ. ɗɬɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɜɜɟɫɬɢ ɜ ɨɤɧɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢ- ɤɚ ɫɢɧɭɫɨɢɞɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ (ɪɢɫ. 2.9). ɋɚɦ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɥɟɜɨɣ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ Waveform Sources (ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ).
ȼ ɨɤɧɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɜɜɨɞɢɦ F=10k, A=0.025, RS=10. Ɉɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ — ɧɭɥɟɜɵɟ. Ⱦɥɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɨɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɝɪɚɮɢɤ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɜɲɟɝɨɫɹ ɧɚ- ɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ, ɧɭɠɧɨ ɧɚɠɚɬɶ ɤɧɨɩɤɭ Plot. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɠɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨ- ɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ (ɢɥɢ ɬɨɤ) ɥɸɛɨɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ.
ɋɯɟɦɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɶ «ɡɟɦɥɸ» — ɫɩɟ- ɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɨɞɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɤ ɭɡɥɭ, ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɚ ɧɭɥɟɜɨɣ.
Ɋɢɫ. 2.9. Ɂɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ
Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡ ɪɟɠɢɦɨɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɚ
Ⱦɥɹ ɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ Micro-Cap 9, 10 ɩɪɢ ɨɬɥɚɞɤɟ ɫɯɟɦ ɩɚɪɚ- ɦɟɬɪɵ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɚ ɫ ɨɛɳɢɦ ɷɦɢɬɬɟɪɨɦ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɦɟɪɟɧɧɨ ɧɟ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɵ ɬɨɱɧɨ, ɚ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɜɡɹɬɵ ɢɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɝɪɭɛɵɯ ɩɪɢɤɢɞɨɱɧɵɯ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɜ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɦ ɦɟɧɸ ɩɭɧɤɬ ANALYSIS>Transient. ɉɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɤɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
(ɪɢɫ. 2.10).
ȼ ɧɟɦ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɬɶ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ 300u (ɷɬɨ – 300 ɦɤɫ, ɬɪɢ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɫɢɝ- ɧɚɥɚ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ). Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɬɶ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɲɚɝ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, 0.1u). ɉɨ ɭɦɨɥɱɚɧɢɸ ɷɬɨɬ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪ 0, ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɲɚɝ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ, ɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɢ ɩɨɝɪɟɲɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ ɢ ɤɪɢɜɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɬɚɬɶ ɥɨɦɚɧɵɦɢ. ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɮɥɚɝ Operating Point ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɦ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧ ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɚ ɩɨ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɦɭ ɬɨɤɭ. ȼ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɚɯ ɩɪɢɦɭɬ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɜɲɢɟɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ.
2. Ʉɪ ɬɤɢɣ ɨɡɧ ɤɨɦɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɷɤɫɤɭɪɫ |
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Ɋɢɫ. 2.10. ɋɯɟɦɚ ɞɥɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ.
Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɧɚɞɨ ɡɚɞɚɬɶ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɜɵɜɨɞɨɜ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɜ: ɧɨɦɟɪ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚ; ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɜɵɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɩɨ ɨɫɹɦ X ɢ Y; ɢ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɢɦɟ- ɪɚ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɟ ɩɨ ɨɫɢ X — ɜɪɟɦɹ, ɩɨ ɨɫɢ Y — ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɭɡɥɟ 1 (ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞɟ). ɇɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɭɡɥɟ ɡɚɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɦ V(1), ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛ ɩɨ ɨɫɢ X ɜɵ- ɛɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ (TMAX,TMIN), ɩɨ ɨɫɢ Y — ɡɚɞɚɧ ɜ ɹɜɧɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ (ɞɢɚ- ɩɚɡɨɧ ɨɬ –30 ɦȼ ɞɨ 30 ɦȼ ɫ ɲɚɝɨɦ ɫɟɬɤɢ 15 ɦȼ).
ȿɫɥɢ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɜɵɜɟɫɬɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɭɡɥɚɦɢ, ɬɨ ɷɬɢ ɭɡɥɵ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɹ- ɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɤɨɛɤɚɯ. Ɍɚɤ ɧɚ ɬɪɟɬɶɟɦ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɭɡɥɚɦɢ 7 ɢ 0 («ɡɟɦɥɟɣ») — V(7,0). ȿɫɥɢ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɬɶ ɬɨɤ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɭɡɥɚɦɢ, ɬɨ ɜ ɩɨɥɟ Y Expression ɡɚɞɚɟɬɫɹ, ɤ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɭ, I(1,3). ɇɨ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɭɡɥɚɦɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɞɧɚ ɜɟɬɜɶ (ɩɭɬɶ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɧɢɹ ɬɨɤɚ). ȿɫɥɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɭɡɥɚɦɢ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɟɬɜɟɣ, ɬɨ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɡɚɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɬɨɤɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ. ɇɚ ɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɟ ɡɚɞɚɧ ɜɵɜɨɞ ɬɨɤɚ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪ R4 — I(R4).
Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɵɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ, ɬɨɤɢ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɭɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɢɤɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜ ɢ ɬ.ɩ. (ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨ — ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɦ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ).
Ⱦɥɹ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɳɟɥɤɧɭɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɨɣ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɟɣ ɦɵɲɢ ɜ ɩɨɥɟ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚ Y Expression ɢ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɪɚɡɞɟɥ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɦɟɧɸ.
Ɍɚɤɢɟ ɠɟ ɡɚɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɟɫɬɶ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɟɣ X Range ɢ Y Range. Ɉɧɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɩɨɥɹ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɜ. ȿɫɥɢ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɟ- ɧɢɟ AutoAlways, ɬɨ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛ ɞɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɬɶɫɹ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢ- ɱɟɫɤɢ. ȿɫɥɢ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ «ɝɚɥɨɱɤɭ» ɜ Auto Scale Ranges, ɬɨ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɬɶɫɹ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɵ ɫɪɚɡɭ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɜ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɨɫɹɦ.
Ʉɨɦɚɧɞɚ Run ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚɟɬ ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɢ ɜ ɨɤɧɟ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɢ. ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɚ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɢ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɬɨɤɚ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ (ɪɢɫ. 2.11). ɍɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɫ ɛɨɥɶ- ɲɢɦɢ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɭ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɚ ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɩɨ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɦɭ ɬɨɤɭ. ȼ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɩɨɤɨɹ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɟ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɚɜɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ.
ȼ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɜ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚɦ ɦɨɠ- ɧɨ ɜɵɜɟɫɬɢ ɩɪɹɦɨ ɧɚ ɫɯɟɦɭ ɭɡɥɨɜɵɟ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɵ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɩɨɥɭɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɢ- ɤɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜ (ɪɢɫ. 2.12, ɚ), ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɬɨɤɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ (ɪɢɫ. 2.12, ɛ).
ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ
ɧɚ ɫɯɟɦɭ ɜɵɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɨɤɨɜ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɣ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɟ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɜ (ɩɨ ɭɦɨɥɱɚɧɢɸ), ɚ ɧɟ ɪɟɠɢɦɵ ɩɨ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɦɭ ɬɨɤɭ. Ɋɟɠɢɦɵ ɩɨ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɦɭ ɬɨɤɭ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɟ DC ɢɥɢ Dynamic DC.
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ɉɪɨɝɪ ɦɦ ɫɯɟɦɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜ ɧɢɹ Micro-Cap. ȼɟɪɫɢɢ 9, 10 |
Ɋɢɫ. 2.11. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ
ɚ |
ɛ |
Ɋɢɫ. 2.12. Ɉɬɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɭɡɥɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɨɜ ɢ ɬɨɤɨɜ ɜɟɬɜɟɣ
Ɋɟɠɢɦ Dynamic DC (ɩɭɧɤɬ ɦɟɧɸ ANALYSIS) — ɨɱɟɧɶ ɭɞɨɛɧɨɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨ
ɞɥɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɠɢɦɨɜ ɩɨ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɦɭ ɬɨɤɭ ɢ ɧɚɫɬɪɨɣɤɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɫɯɟɦ. ȼɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɦɟ- ɧɹɬɶ, ɩɟɪɟɞɜɢɝɚɹ ɞɜɢɠɤɢ (ɤɚɤ ɜ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɟ) ɢ ɫɪɚɡɭ ɜɢɞɟɬɶ ɢɡɦɟ- ɧɟɧɢɹ ɬɨɤɨɜ ɢ ɭɡɥɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɨɜ. ɉɟɪɟɞ ɧɚɱɚɥɨɦ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɤ- ɧɨ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɡɚɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɢ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɲɚɝ ɞɜɢɠɤɨɜ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɧ- ɬɚɯ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɹ OK ɦɨɠɧɨ ɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ, ɫɪɚɡɭ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɬɨɤɨɜ ɢ ɭɡɥɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɨɜ.
ȼ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɟ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɧɨ 0.5 ɜɨɥɶɬɚ, ɬ.ɟ. ɨɧ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɜɟɥɢɤɢ. ȿɝɨ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɜɵɜɟɫɬɢ ɢɡ ɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɢɹ, ɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɜ ɬɨɤ ɩɨɤɨɹ. ɗɬɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ, ɦɟɧɹɹ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ R3. ɉɥɚɜɧɨ ɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɤɨɦɩɨ- ɧɟɧɬɚ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɦɢ:
xȼɵɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ, ɚ ɩɨɬɨɦ ɫɬɪɟɥɤɚɦɢ ĻĹ ɧɚ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɥɚɜɢɚɬɭɪɟ ɦɟɧɹɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ. Ʉɚɠɞɨɟ ɧɚɠɚɬɢɟ ɧɚ ɫɬɪɟɥɤɭ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ 10%, ɧɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɲɚɝ.
xȼɵɜɟɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɫɯɟɦɧɨɟ ɨɤɧɨ ɫɥɚɣɞɟɪ (ɞɜɢɠɨɤ) ɞɥɹ ɧɭɠɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ ɢɥɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɭ Dynamic DC>Slider>Add Slider. ȼ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɲɟɦɫɹ ɨɤɧɟ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ, ɞɥɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɧɭɠɧɨ
2. Ʉɪ ɬɤɢɣ ɨɡɧ ɤɨɦɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɷɤɫɤɭɪɫ |
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ɞɨɛɚɜɢɬɶ ɫɥɚɣɞɟɪ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ ɢ ɞɢɫɤɪɟɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ. Ɍɚɤɢɯ ɫɥɚɣɞɟɪɨɜ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ.
ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. 2.13 ɫɥɚɣɞɟɪɵ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ R3 (ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧ ɢɡɦɟɧɟ- ɧɢɹ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ 500 Ɉɦ–1 ɤɈɦ) ɢ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ R4 (ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɨ- ɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ 5 ɤɈɦ–20 ɤɈɦ).
ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ R3 ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɦ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢ- ɦɟɪɧɨ 5ȼ ɢ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɢɦ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ. ɋɢɧɭɫɨɢɞɚ ɫɬɚɥɚ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɨɣ, ɧɨ ɜɫɟ ɪɚɜɧɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɢɫɤɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɦɚɯɚ. ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɬɶ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɚ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɫɧɨɜɚ ɦɨɠ- ɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɣɬɢ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦ Dynamic DC, ɭɦɟɧɶɲɢɬɶ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ R4, ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɢɡɦɟ- ɧɟɧɢɟɦ R3 ɜɧɨɜɶ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɟ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɟ ɬɪɚɧɡɢ- ɫɬɨɪɚ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɩɨɤɨɹ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɚɫɤɚɞ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɜ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶ- ɧɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ.
Ɋɢɫ. 2.13. Ɉɬɥɚɞɤɚ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɚ ɜ Dynamic DC
ɋɥɚɣɞɟɪɵ ɧɚ ɫɯɟɦɭ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɜɟɫɬɢ ɢ ɜ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɠɢɦɚɯ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ. ɇɚ- ɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɟɫɥɢ ɜɵɜɟɫɬɢ ɫɥɚɣɞɟɪ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ Transient, ɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɞɜɢɠɤɚ ɫɥɚɣɞɟɪɚ ɫɪɚɡɭ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɚɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɤɪɢɜɵɟ ɧɚ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɚɯ. ȿɫɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɪɟɠɢɦ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɜ (ɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ «ɝɚɥɨɱɤɭ» ɜ ɝɪɚɮɟ Accumulate Plots ɜ ɨɤɧɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ), ɬɨ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɢ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɤ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɦ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɠɟ ɨɤɧɟ ɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɨɫɥɟɞɢɬɶ ɡɚ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɢɦɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ (ɪɢɫ. 2.14).
Ɋɢɫ. 2.14. ɉɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɫɟɦɟɣɫɬɜɚ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ
ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɧɚ ɫɯɟɦɭ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɜɟɫɬɢ ɭɡɥɨɜɵɟ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɵ ɢ ɬɨ- ɤɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ, ɧɨ ɷɬɨ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɧɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɜɲɟɝɨɫɹ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ (ɤɚɤ ɜ
50 |
ɉɪɨɝɪ ɦɦ ɫɯɟɦɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜ ɧɢɹ Micro-Cap. ȼɟɪɫɢɢ 9, 10 |
Dynamic DC), ɚ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɣ ɬɨɱɤɟ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɜɦɟɫɬɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɣ ɬɨɱɤɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɜɵɜɟɫɬɢ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ, ɫɪɟɞɧɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɢɱɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ (Peak, Average, RMS). Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɷɬɢɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɯ ɫɯɟɦɵ (ɜɵɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɳɟɥɱɤɨɦ ɥɟɜɨɣ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɢ ɦɵɲɢ ɩɨ ɩɨɥɸ ɫɯɟɦɵ). Ɍɚɦ ɜ ɡɚɤɥɚɞɤɟ View ɜ ɪɚɡɞɟ- ɥɟ Calculate ɧɭɠɧɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɝɚɥɨɱɤɢ ɞɥɹ RMS, Average ɢ Peak, ɚ ɜ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ Default Display — ɤɚɤɢɟ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɩɨ ɭɦɨɥɱɚɧɢɸ.
ɉɨɫɥɟ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɢ ɪɟɠɢɦɚ ɩɨ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɦɭ ɬɨɤɭ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɜ ɪɟɠɢɦɟ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɢɫɬɭɩɢɬɶ ɤ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦɭ ɷɬɚɩɭ — ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɸ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɨɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɚ. Ⱦɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢ- ɦɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ AC-ɚɧɚɥɢɡ, ɡɚɩɭɫɬɢɜ ɩɭɧɤɬ ɦɟɧɸ ANALYSIS>AC. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɪɢɦɟ- ɪɟ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ 10 Ƚɰ ɞɨ 100 ɆȽɰ ɜ ɥɨɝɚɪɢɮɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɟ. (ɪɢɫ. 2.15).
Ɋɢɫ. 2.15. ɑɚɫɬɨɬɧɵɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ
ɇɚ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɟ ɩɨ ɨɫɢ Y — ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɭɡɥɚ ɜ ɞɟɰɢɛɟɥɚɯ (ɡɚɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ db(v(7))). Ⱦɢɚɩɚɡɨɧ ɜɵɜɨɞɚ — ɨɬ –20 ɞɨ 40 ɞȻ ɫ ɲɚɝɨɦ ɫɟɬɤɢ 20. ɇɚ ɜɬɨɪɨɦ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɟ — ɮɚɡɨɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɜ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ ɨɬ –90 ɞɨ –360 ɝɪɚɞ. ɫ ɲɚɝɨɦ ɫɟɬɤɢ 90 ɝɪɚɞɭɫɨɜ.
ɋɯɟɦɚ-ɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɫɤɚɞɚ demo01.cir ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɤɚɬɚɥɨɝɟ Demo ɚɪɯɢɜɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɨɜ Book-mc.rar, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɤɚɱɚɬɶ ɫ ɫɚɣɬɚ www.microcap-model.narod.ru. Ɍɚɦ ɠɟ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɵ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɩɪɢɦɟ- ɪɨɜ ɢɡ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚ.
2.5.2. ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɟɦɟɣɫɬɜɚ ȼȺɏ ɛɢɩɨɥɹɪɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ Stepping
Micro-Cap ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɧɨ ɢ ɡɚɜɢ- ɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚ ɨɬ ɞɪɭɝɨɝɨ. ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɣ ɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ-