Микросхемотехника / amelina_m_a_amelin_s_a_programma_shemotehnicheskogo_modeliro
.pdf13. Ɇɨɞɟɥɢ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ |
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ɋɥɭɱɚɣ ɧɟɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɟɤ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ
ȼɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɬɶ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ, ɬɢɩɨɜɨɣ ɢ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɱɟ- ɪɟɡ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ. ɂɦɟɧɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɸɬɫɹ ɫ ɛɭɤɜ «TP». ȼ ɫɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɢɤɚɯ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɨ ɢɥɢ ɞɜɚ ɢɡ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɦɵɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ. ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɫɜɨɢɬɶ ɧɟɢɡ- ɜɟɫɬɧɨɦɭ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɭ ɧɭɥɟɜɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ, ɬɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬ- ɪɨɜ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɦ:
1) Ɍɢɩɨɜɚɹ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɚ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɨ:
TPXXMN=DIGMNTYSCALE•TPXXTY
ȿɫɥɢ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɨ: TPXXMX=DIGTYMXSCALE•TPXXTY
2) Ɍɢɩɨɜɚɹ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɧɟɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɚ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɢ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɢ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɵ:
TPXXTY=(TPXXMN+TPXXMX)/2
ȿɫɥɢ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ:
TPXXTY=TPXXMN/DIGMNTYSCALE
ȿɫɥɢ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ: TPXXTY=TPXXMX/DIGTYMXSCALE
3) ɇɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɢ ɨɞɧɨ ɢɡ 3-ɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ: TPXXMN=TPXXTY=TPXXMX=0
ɍɦɨɥɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ DIGMNTYSCALE ɢ DIGTYMXSCALE ɛɟɪɭɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ ɞɢɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɤɧɚ Global Settings. Ɉɧɢ
ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɵ
.OPTIONS. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ:
.OPTIONS DIGMNTYSCALE=.35
ɉɪɢ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɨɣ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɢɜɵ ɜ ɫɯɟɦɧɵɣ ɮɚɣɥ (ɥɢɛɨ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɭɸ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ, ɥɢɛɨ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɧɚ ɩɨɥɟ ɫɯɟɦɵ) ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪ DIGMNTYSCALE.
ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɜɵɲɟɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɦɵ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɤ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɚɦ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ (propagation delay).
ɋɥɭɱɚɣ ɧɟɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɬɪɢɝɝɟɪɨɜ (timing constraints)
Ɂɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ Timing constraints ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɬɪɢɝ- ɝɟɪɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ: ɲɢɪɢɧɭ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɚ (ɫɛɪɨɫɚ ɢɥɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ), ɜɪɟɦɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɢ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɭɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ. Ɍɢɩɨɜɵɟ ɢ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɢɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɱɚɫ- ɬɨ ɨɩɭɫɤɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɵɯ ɢɡɞɚɧɢɹɯ. ȼ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɟɤ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟ- ɧɢɹ (ɫɦ. ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɢɣ ɩɭɧɤɬ), ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɧɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɵ- ɱɢɫɥɟɧɵ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɦɢ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ Micro-Cap ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɸɳɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɩɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɦ:
1)ȿɫɥɢ ɧɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ: minimum=0
2)ȿɫɥɢ ɧɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ:
ȿɫɥɢ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɬɢɩɨɜɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ maximum=typical ȿɫɥɢ ɬɢɩɨɜɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɨ maximum=minimum
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ɉɪɨɝɪ ɦɦ ɫɯɟɦɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜ ɧɢɹ Micro-Cap. ȼɟɪɫɢɢ 9, 10 |
13.1.5. ɐɢɮɪɨɜɵɟ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɵ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɡɧɚɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ
Ⱦɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɡɚɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ, ɬɢɩɨ- ɜɨɟ ɢ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ. ɗɬɨ ɫɩɪɚɜɟɞɥɢɜɨ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɢ. Ʉɚɤɨɟ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɦɨ- ɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ — ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ MNTYMXDLY (ɬɚɛɥ. 13.3).
Ɍ ɚ ɛ ɥ ɢ ɰ ɚ 1 3 . 3 . Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɯ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɟɤ ɩɪɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ
MNTYMXDLY |
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɟ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɢ |
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MNTYMXDLY ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɜɧɵɦ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɭ DIGMNTYMX |
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ɨɤɧɚ Global Settings |
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1ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
2ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɬɢɩɨɜɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
3ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
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ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɢɯɭɞɲɟɝɨ ɫɥɭɱɚɹ (ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ |
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ɢ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ) |
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Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɢɯɭɞɲɟɝɨ ɫɥɭɱɚɹ, MicroCap ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɡɧɚɱɧɭɸ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɚɦɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɨ- ɪɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɦɟɧɹɬɶɫɹ (ɬ.ɟ. ɧɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧ). ȼ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɤɚ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɧɟɥɶɡɹ ɫ ɭɜɟɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɬɶ, ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɥɢ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɵ- ɞɭɳɟɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɢɥɢ ɭɠɟ ɩɟɪɟɲɟɥ ɜ ɧɨɜɨɟ, ɨɧ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ- ɧɨɦ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹɦɢ. ɗɬɚ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɡɧɚɱɧɚɹ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɩɪɟɞ- ɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɸɳɟɟ ɢɥɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ ɫɩɚɞɚɸɳɟɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ.
ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 13.5, ɚ, ɜɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɜ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɪɚɜɧɵɣ 10, ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ «0» ɜ «1». ȿɫɥɢ MNTYMXDLY=4, ɞɥɹ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɢɪɭɸ- ɳɟɝɨ ɧɚɢɯɭɞɲɟɝɨ ɫɥɭɱɚɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɸɳɟɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɟɬ ɜ ɦɨ- ɦɟɧɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ 15 ɢ ɡɚɤɨɧɱɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ 20 ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɦɢɧɢ- ɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ TPLHMN=5 ɢ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ TPLHMX=10 ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɚɦɢ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɢɡ ɧɢɡɤɨɝɨ ɜ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ. TPLHMN=5 ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɩɨ ɤɪɚɣɧɟɣ ɦɟɪɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɪɚɜɧɚ 5, ɧɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ. TPLHMX=10 ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɭɤɚ- ɡɚɧɧɚɹ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɚ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɟɜɨɫɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ 10, ɧɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɢ ɦɟɧɶ- ɲɟ. ɍɫɥɨɜɧɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɸɳɟɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ 15 ɢ 20 (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ. 13.5, ɚ) ɢ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɷɬɭ ɧɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ.
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Ɋɢɫ. 13.5. Ɉɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɡɧɚɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɢɯɭɞɲɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɣ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɟɤ
Ɉɛɥɚɫɬɶ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɡɧɚɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɧɚ ɪɢɫ. 13.5, ɛ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɫ- ɥɨɜɧɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɸɳɟɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ ɞɨ 10 ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ- ɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɱɟɪɟɡ 2 ɛɭɮɟɪɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ.
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ɉɪɨɝɪ ɦɦ ɫɯɟɦɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜ ɧɢɹ Micro-Cap. ȼɟɪɫɢɢ 9, 10 |
Ƚɨɧɤɢ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ (Cumulative ambiguity hazards)
ȿɫɥɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪ MNTYMXDLY=4, ɬɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚ- ɧɢɟ ɞɥɹ ɫɥɭɱɚɹ ɧɚɢɯɭɞɲɟɝɨ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɟ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɟɤ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɚɧɚɥɢ-
ɡɚ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɤɚɦɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ ɧɚɪɚɫɬɚɸɳɟɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ «R» ɩɪɢ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɟ ɢɡ «0» ɜ «1» ɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ ɫɩɚɞɚɸɳɟɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɟ ɢɡ «1» ɜ «0».
ȿɫɥɢ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɶ ɫ ɧɚɢɯɭɞɲɢɦ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɟɦ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɟɤ (MNTYMXDLY=4), ɬɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɚɥɵ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ-ɧɚɪɚɫɬɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ- ɫɩɚɞɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ (ɪɢɫ. 13.8, ɚ).
ɚ) |
ɛ) |
Ɋɢɫ. 13.8. Ƚɨɧɤɢ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ
ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɭɬɶ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɱɟ- ɪɟɡ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɶ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ-ɧɚɪɚɫɬɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ-ɫɩɚɞɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɫɨ- ɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɚɬɫɹ ɧɚɫɬɨɥɶɤɨ, ɱɬɨ ɫɭɦɦɚɪɧɨ ɩɪɟɜɵɫɹɬ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɫɢɝ- ɧɚɥɚ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɤɪɨɸɬ ɞɪɭɝ ɞɪɭɝɚ (ɪɢɫ. 13.8, ɛ). ȼ ɷɬɨɬ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɟɬ ɧɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɜɟ- ɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɪɚɡɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɚ.
ɇɚɤɚɩɥɢɜɚɟɦɚɹ ɧɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ — ɨɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɫɯɟɦ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɭɸ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɢɧɜɟɪɬɨɪ ɫ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɜɯɨɞ (ɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪɵ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɨɜ). Ⱦɥɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɫɯɟɦ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪ MNTYMXDLY ɜɟɧɬɢɥɟɣ, ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɯ ɝɟɧɟ- ɪɚɬɨɪ, ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɬɶɫɹ ɨɬ 4 (ɬ.ɟ. ɪɚɫɱɟɬ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɜɟɫɬɢɫɶ ɧɚ ɧɚɢɯɭɞɲɢɣ ɫɥɭɱɚɣ).
Ʉɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɝɨɧɤɢ (Critical hazards)
Ƚɨɧɤɢ ɫɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɧɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɟɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ, ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɯ ɫɯɟɦ. ȿɫɥɢ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɟ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɝɨɧɨɤ ɩɚɪɚɡɢɬɧɵɟ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɵ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɪɢɝɝɟɪɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɫ ɩɚɦɹɬɶɸ ɜ ɧɟɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧ- ɧɵɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ, ɬɨ ɨɧɢ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɬɫɹ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɧɚɪɭɲɢɬɶ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ.
Ɋɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɯ ɫɯɟɦ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɢɯɭɞɲɟɦ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɢ ɡɚ- ɞɟɪɠɟɤ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ (MNTYMXDLY=4) ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɢɪɭɸɬ ɫɯɟɦɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɵ
Dig_Dly_Amb_01… Dig_Dly_Amb_04, Conv_Haz_01, Cumul_Haz_01 ɢɡ ɤɚɬɚɥɨɝɚ Components\Digital.
13.1.7. ɂɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɧɚɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ
Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɟ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɛɨɣ, ɬɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɧɢɦɢ ɩɨɞɫɯɟɦɭ ɫɨɩɪɹ- ɠɟɧɢɹ (ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɧɭɸ ɦɨɞɟɥɶ — I/O model), ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɭɸ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɜɡɚɢɦɨ- ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ. ɗɬɚ ɩɨɞɫɯɟɦɚ ɧɟ ɨɬɨɛɪɚɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɧɨ ɜ ɬɨɱɤɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɦ-
13. Ɇɨɞɟɥɢ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ |
557 |
ɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɨɞɢɧ, ɚ ɞɜɚ ɭɡɥɚ – ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɣ. ɂɧɬɟɪ- ɮɟɣɫɧɚɹ ɩɨɞɫɯɟɦɚ ɫɨɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ (ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨ- ɪɵ, ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɵ, ɞɢɨɞɵ ɢ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɫɬɨɪɵ), ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ SPICE-ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɹ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨ- ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɯ ɥɢɛɨ ɰɢɮɪɨ-ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɯɟɦ (ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨ ɫɦ. 13.5). ɗɬɢ ɩɨɞɫɯɟɦɵ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɬɪɚɧɫɥɹɰɢɸ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ ɧɚ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɟ ɜɯɨɞɵ ɢ ɰɢɮ- ɪɨɜɵɯ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ ɧɚ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɟ ɭɡɥɵ, ɬ.ɟ. ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɬ «ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞ» ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɦɢ ɢ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɦɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɫɯɟɦɵ.
ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɥɸɛɨɝɨ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɚ. ɗɬɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɞ- ɫɯɟɦɵ.
Micro-Cap ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬ ɞɨɛɚɜɨɱɧɵɟ ɭɡɥɵ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨ- ɜɨɣ ɢ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɨɣ. ɋɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɷɬɢɯ ɭɡɥɨɜ ɱɪɟɡɜɵɱɚɣɧɨ ɜɚɠɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɜɵɜɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɷɤɪɚɧ ɝɪɚɮɢɤɨɜ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɨɜ.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨ-ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ
ȼ ɬɨɱɤɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɬ ɫɪɚ- ɡɭ ɞɜɚ ɭɡɥɚ (ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɣ), ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ
ɧɢɦɢ ɪɚɡɪɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɪɚɡɪɵɜɚ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɜɢɞɢɦɚɹ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɸ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ. ɗɬɚ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɧɵɯ ɦɨɞɟ- ɥɟɣ (I/O model), ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯ ɪɚɡɧɨɜɢɞɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬ- ɫɬɜɢɢ ɫɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɚɬɪɢɛɭɬɚ IO_LEVEL. ɗɬɨɬ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨ-ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ (ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ Ɉ-ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ). ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨ-ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥ. 13.4.
Ɍ ɚ ɛ ɥ ɢ ɰ ɚ 1 3 . 4 . ȼɵɛɨɪ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨ-ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɚ
ɍɪɨɜɟɧɶ |
ɉɨɞɫɯɟɦɚ |
ɉɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ |
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IO_LEVEL |
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1 |
AtoD1/DtoA1 |
AtoD ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬ R, F, ɢ X ɭɪɨɜɧɢ |
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2 |
AtoD2/DtoA2 |
AtoD ɧɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬ R, F, ɢ X ɭɪɨɜɧɢ |
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3 |
AtoD3/DtoA3 |
Ɍɚɤ ɠɟ ɤɚɤ ɢ Level 1 |
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4 |
AtoD4/DtoA4 |
Ɍɚɤ ɠɟ ɤɚɤ ɢ Level 2 |
ȿɫɥɢ IO_LEVEL=0, ɬɨ ɬɢɩ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨ-ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɚ ɡɚɞɚ- ɟɬɫɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ DIGIOLVL ɞɢɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɤɧɚ Global Settings.
ɂɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɵ Level 1. Ɇɨɞɟɥɢ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨ-ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ 1 ɝɟɧɟɪɢɪɭɸɬ ɧɚ ɫɜɨɟɦ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɢ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ 0 ɢ 1, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱ- ɧɵɟ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɢ (R, F, X), ɟɫɥɢ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɩɥɚɜɧɨ ɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɚ VILMAX…VIHMIN. ȼɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ, ɩɥɚɜɧɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɨɬ ɡɧɚ- ɱɟɧɢɹ, ɦɟɧɶɲɟɝɨ VILMAX ɞɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɝɨ VIHMIN ɢ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨ, ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬ
ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ 0, R, 1, F, 0. ɋɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ «X» ɝɟɧɟɪɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ, ɟɫɥɢ ɜɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɦɟɧɹɟɬ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ, ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨɣ VILMAX ɢ
VIHMIN (ɪɢɫ. 13.9).
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ɉɪɨɝɪ ɦɦ ɫɯɟɦɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜ ɧɢɹ Micro-Cap. ȼɟɪɫɢɢ 9, 10 |
Ɋɢɫ. 13.9. Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɶɸ
ɂɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɵ Level 2. Ɇɨɞɟɥɢ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨ-ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɚ 2-ɝɨ ɭɪɨɜ- ɧɹ ɝɟɧɟɪɢɪɭɸɬ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ (0, 1). ɇɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ (R, F, X), ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɜɟɞɭɬ ɤ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɩɪɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ, ɷɬɨɬ ɬɢɩ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɨɜ ɧɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬ.
ɂɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɵ 2-ɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɬɨɱɧɵ, ɧɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɥɭɱɲɭɸ ɫɯɨɞɢ- ɦɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɨɜ. ɂɦɟɧɧɨ ɷɬɨɬ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɭɦɨɥɱɚɧɢɸ ɩɪɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɯ ɫɯɟɦ.
ɂɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɵ Level 3, Level 4. ɗɬɨ ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɵ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɨɜ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɣ 1 ɢ 2 ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ. Ɉɧɢ ɧɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɨɣ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɟ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɫɥɭɠɚɬ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɫ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɦɢ SPICE- ɦɨɞɟɥɹɦɢ.
ɋɯɟɦɵ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨ-ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɚ.
ɂɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨ-ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɚ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɚɜ- ɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚ DIGPOWER ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫ- ɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɟɪɢɢ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɯ ɦɢɤɪɨɫɯɟɦ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ 7400 TTL.
Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɢɦɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɨɣ ɩɨɞɫɯɟɦɵ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɚ. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɩɨɞɫɯɟɦɚ ɞɥɹ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɌɌɅ-ɦɢɤɪɨɫɯɟɦ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ- ɫɹ "DIGIFPWR" ɢ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɮɚɣɥɟ DIGIO.LIB. ɗɬɚ ɩɨɞɫɯɟɦɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢ-
ɜɚɟɬ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɧɵɯ ɫɯɟɦ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɌɌɅ-ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ. Ɇɨɠɧɨ, ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨ ɠɟ, ɢɡɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɧɭɸ ɫɯɟɦɭ ɩɢɬɚ- ɧɢɹ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɟɦ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɩɨɞɫɯɟɦɵ ɢɥɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɫɚɦɭ ɩɨɞɫɯɟɦɭ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ, ɪɟɤɨ- ɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɧɟ ɞɟɥɚɬɶ, ɢ ɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɩɨɞɫɯɟɦɭ "DIGIFPWR" ɛɟɡ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ. ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɤɥɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫ ɧɟɟ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɜɟɪɫɢɢ ɫ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɢɦɟɧɚɦɢ, ɤɚɤ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ "DIGIFPW1". ɗɬɨ ɩɨ-
ɡɜɨɥɢɬ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɜɟɪɧɭɬɶɫɹ ɤ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɣ ɜɟɪɫɢɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɦ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ DIGPOWER="DIGIFPWR" ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɧɨɣ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɫɟɪɢɣ (ɄɆɈɉ, ɗɋɅ) ɢɦɟɸɬɫɹ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɩɨɞɫɯɟɦɵ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɢɦɟ- ɧɚɦɢ, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɠɟ ɮɚɣɥɟ DIGIO.LIB.
Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɱɧɵɣ ɮɚɣɥ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ DIGIO.LIB. ɗɬɨ ɮɚɣɥ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɦ ɞɢɪɟɤɬɢ-
ɜɵ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɧɵɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ (I/O model), ɫɯɟɦɵ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨ- ɜɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɜ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ (ATOD) ɢ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɜ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɣ (DTOA), ɞɢɪɟɤɬɢ-
13. Ɇɨɞɟɥɢ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ |
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ɜɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ O-ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ (ATOD) ɢ N-ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ (DTOA) ɢ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɩɢɬɚ- ɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɜɫɟɯ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɢ.
ȼɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɯ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ
ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɵ ɬɪɢ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ:
xɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɤ ɜɯɨɞɭ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ;
xɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɤ ɜɵɯɨɞɭ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ;
xɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɤ ɬɨɱɤɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɢ ɜɯɨɞɚ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪ) ɩɨɞɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɤ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɦɭ ɜɵɯɨɞɭ (ɪɢɫ. 13.10, ɚ), ɬɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɞɫɯɟɦɚ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɚ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɡ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɜ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɣ DtoA. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬ- ɫɹ ɧɨɜɵɣ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ ɭɡɟɥ 2$DTOA ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫ- ɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ DTOA, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦɚɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ IO_LEVEL. ɂɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ
ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɧɨɜɵɦ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɦ ɜɵɯɨɞɧɵɦ ɭɡɥɨɦ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɦ ɭɡɥɨɦ
(ɪɢɫ. 13.10, ɚ).
ɚ) |
ɛ) |
ɜ) |
Ɋɢɫ. 13.10. Ɋɚɫɳɟɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɯɟɦɧɵɯ ɭɡɥɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɢ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɢ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɝɨ
ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ
ȿɫɥɢ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ ɩɨɞɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɤ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɦɭ ɜɯɨɞɭ, ɬɨ ɢɫ- ɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɞɫɯɟɦɚ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɚ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɜ ɰɢɮ- ɪɨɜɨɣ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɨɜɵɣ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ ɭɡɟɥ 2$ATOD ɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ATOD, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦɚɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ IO_LEVEL. ɂɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɧɨɜɵɦ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɦ ɭɡɥɨɦ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɦ ɭɡɥɨɦ (ɪɢɫ. 13.10, ɛ).
ȿɫɥɢ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ ɩɨɞɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɤ ɬɨɱɤɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɰɢɮɪɨ- ɜɨɝɨ ɜɯɨɞɚ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ, ɬɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɞɫɯɟɦɚ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɚ ɜ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɣ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɨɜɵɣ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ ɭɡɟɥ 2$DTOA ɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ DTOA, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɦɚɹ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɦ IO_LEVEL. ɂɧɬɟɪ- ɮɟɣɫɧɚɹ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɧɨɜɵɦ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɦ ɭɡɥɨɦ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɦ ɭɡ- ɥɨɦ (ɪɢɫ. 13.10, ɜ). ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɭɡɥɚ ɧɚ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ ɜɯɨɞ ɧɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɟɬ. ɋɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɯɨɞɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɦ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ.
Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ɬɪɟɯɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɯɟɦ
ɉɪɨ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɧɭɸ ɜɵɲɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɚ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ ɤ ɬɨɱɤɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɜɯɨɞɚ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɨɦɧɢɬɶ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɭɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶ- ɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɬɪɟɯɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ.
560 |
ɉɪɨɝɪ ɦɦ ɫɯɟɦɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜ ɧɢɹ Micro-Cap. ȼɟɪɫɢɢ 9, 10 |
ȿɫɥɢ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɞɥɹ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɵ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞɟ ɬɪɟɯɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɥɨɝɢɤɢ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɜɟɧɬɢɥɟɣ ɫ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɦ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɨɦ) ɢɫ- ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɛɵɱɧɵɣ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪ, ɬɨ ɨɧ ɨɤɚɠɟɬɫɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɨɬɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧ ɨɬ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɢ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɵ ɧɟ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ. ɗɬɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɨɦ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɦ ɬɪɟɯɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɥɨɝɢɤɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɫɹ ɰɢɮɪɨɚ- ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɨɬɫɨɟɞɢɧɢɬ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪ ɢ ɨɬɬɪɚɧɫɥɢɪɭɟɬ ɧɚ ɟɝɨ ɜɵɜɨɞ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɫ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ. ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɚɨɛɨɪɨɬ — ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɫɢɝɧɚɥ ɫ ɜɵɜɨɞɚ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɚ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨ-ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɨɦ ɩɨɞɚɧ ɧɚ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚ. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɚɧɚɥɨ- ɝɨɜɵɣ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪ ɧɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ «ɩɨɞɬɹɝɢɜɚɸɳɭɸ» ɮɭɧɤɰɢɸ. Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɧɢɹ
ɷɬɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɚ ɫ ɬɪɟɯɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɫɯɟɦɚɦɢ:
xȼ ɬɪɟɯɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɡɥɚɯ, ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɤ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɦ ɜɯɨɞɚɦ, ɧɢ ɜ ɤɨɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɧɟɥɶɡɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɟ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɵ (ɪɢɫ. 13.11, ɚ);
xȼ ɬɪɟɯɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɭɡɥɚɯ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɨɞɬɹɝɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɵ pullup ɢɥɢ pulldown (ɪɢɫ. 13.11, ɛ);
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Ɋɢɫ. 13.11. Ɉɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨ-ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɚ ɞɥɹ ɫɯɟɦ ɫ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɦ
ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɨɦ ɢ ɬɪɟɯɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɯɟɦ
xȿɫɥɢ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɣ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪ ɜɫɟ ɠɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦ, ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɬɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ ɬɪɟɯɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɵɣ ɜɵɯɨɞ ɨɬ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɯɨɞɚ ɧɢɡɤɨɨɦɧɵɦ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɨɦ (ɫɦ.
ɪɢɫ. 13.11, ɜ).
13.2.Ɇɨɞɟɥɢ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ
13.2.1. Ɉɛɳɢɣ ɮɨɪɦɚɬ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɢɦɢɬɢɜɨɜ
Ɏɨɪɦɚɬ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɢɯ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ɜ Micro-Cap ɫɨɨɬ- ɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɨɛɳɟɩɪɢɧɹɬɨɦɭ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɭ SPICE. ɐɢɮɪɨɜɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ Micro-Cap ɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɞɜɚ ɬɢɩɚ: ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɟ ɩɪɢɦɢɬɢɜɵ ɢ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɱɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ. ɐɢɮɪɨɜɵɟ ɩɪɢɦɢɬɢɜɵ (ɛɭɮɟɪ, ɢɧɜɟɪɬɨɪ, ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ 2ɂɅɂ-ɇȿ, ɬɪɢɝɝɟɪ ɢ ɬ.ɩ.) ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɹɦɢ, ɛɟɡ ɩɪɢɜɹɡɤɢ ɤ ɤɚɤɨɣ-ɥɢɛɨ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɟɪɢɢ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɢɤɪɨɫɯɟɦ. Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɱɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ ɡɚɞɚɧɵ ɦɨɞɟɥɹɦɢ ɫ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ ɦɢɤɪɨ- ɫɯɟɦɟ (ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, 74AC00).
ɐɢɮɪɨɜɵɟ ɩɪɢɦɢɬɢɜɵ ɢ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɱɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ SPICE- ɦɨɞɟɥɹɦɢ ɫ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦɢ (ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵ- ɦɢ) ɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ. Ɇɨɞɟɥɢ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɱɧɵɯ ɤɨɦ- ɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɫɬɪɨɹɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɢɦɢɬɢɜɨɜ,