- •I.В. Знаменська
- •Contents
- •Передмова
- •Hippocratic oath
- •Unit 1 lesson 1
- •Vocabulary
- •Phonetics
- •Grammar:
- •(Interrogative Form)
- •(Negative Form)
- •To have
- •Pronoun
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •I am a medical student
- •Personal Information Sheet
- •1. Tell your fellow-students about yourself.
- •2. Describe your family to your new friend.
- •3. Show a friend your family album and answer all his/her questions.
- •Ex. 38. You want to get some information about your patient. Ask him/her questions using the expressions of 36thexercise. Overview
- •Lesson 2
- •Vocabulary
- •Phonetics
- •Grammar: word order in a statement
- •Article
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Ukrainian medical stomatological academy
- •Medical university
- •Overview
- •Lesson 3
- •Vocabulary
- •Rules of reading
- •Vowels (голосні)
- •Word-building
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Medical education in ukraine
- •Overview
- •Vocabulary
- •Rules of reading
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •(Interrogative Form)
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Medical education in the usa
- •Medical education in the united kingdom
- •Overview
- •Vocabulary
- •Rules of reading
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Forms of the verb
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Profession of the physician
- •How often should I consult my physician
- •Overview
- •Vocabulary
- •Rules of reading
- •Grammar:
- •Impersonal sentences
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Ex. 9. What famous physicians of the present do you know? What field of medicine do they work in?
- •Prominent scientists and physicians of ukraine
- •Vocabulary
- •Rules of reading
- •Grammar:
- •Simple tenses (Affirmative Form, Active Voice)
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Public health service in ukraine
- •Overview
- •Vocabulary
- •Rules of reading
- •Word-building
- •National health service in the united kingdom
- •Vocabulary
- •Rules of reading
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Simple tenses (Interrogative Form, Active Voice) General Questions
- •Special Questions
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Polyclinic
- •Overview
- •Medical examination
- •Vocabulary
- •Rules of reading
- •Reading and developing speaking skills Ex. 7. Read vocabulary and memorize new words. Ex. 8. Compose 5-6 sentences using the words of the vocabulary
- •At the therapeutist's
- •Overview
- •Rules of reading
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Open conditionals
- •Numeral
- •Vocabulary
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Hospital
- •Ex. 19. Translate the following sentences into English:
- •Overview
- •Vocabulary
- •Rules of reading
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •At the physician's
- •1. In what order you might ask these questions; 2. In what form you might ask them:
- •Overview
- •Lesson 13
- •Vocabulary
- •Rules of reading
- •Grammar:
- •Modal verbs
- •Equivalents of the modal verbs
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Chemist’s shop
- •Your home medicine chest
- •Overview
- •I. Insert the missing words:
- •II. Finish the following sentences:
- •III. Choose the proper term given below to the following definitions:
- •IV. Read and translate one of the following texts:
- •Galen (philosopher, physician, discoverer of blood and the cranial nerves)
- •World health organization
- •V. Speak on the following topics:
- •Vocabulary
- •Rules of reading
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Simple tenses (Passive Voice, Affirmative Form)
- •Passive voice:
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Body regions
- •Vocabulary
- •Rules of reading
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Simple tenses (Passive Voice, Interrogative Form)
- •General Questions
- •Special Questions
- •Reading and developing speaking skills Ex. 8. Insert the missing letters and translate the following words:
- •Ex. 12. Read the following text: trunk
- •Body cavities
- •Directional terms for humans
- •Vocabulary
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Lesson 18
- •Vocabulary
- •Rules of reading
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Perfect tenses (Active Voice, Affirmative Form)
- •Modal verbs: should and would
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Ex. 18. Do you agree, disagree or partially agree with the statements below:
- •Cell division
- •Ex. 25. Answer the following questions:
- •Vocabulary
- •Rules of reading
- •Reading and developing speaking
- •Tissues
- •Classification of Epithelium
- •Tissues and organs
- •Functions and Location of Tissues.
- •Vocabulary
- •Reading and developing speaking
- •Organ systems
- •Ex. 16. Translate the following sentences into English:
- •Overview
- •Vocabulary
- •Rules of reading mute letters (“німі” літери)
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Participle I (v4)
- •Continuous tenses (Active Voice, Affirmative Form)
- •Reading and developing skills
- •Skeleton
- •Ex. 26. Read the following words and try to memorize them:
- •Bone's structure
- •Overview
- •Lesson 22
- •Vocabulary
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Fractures, dislocations, sprains, and strains
- •Fractures
- •Dislocations
- •Sprains
- •Strains
- •The signs of fractures, dislocations, sprains, and strains
- •Ex. 11. What types of dislocations and fractures do you know? Can you explain the meaning of the following terms:
- •Types of fractures
- •First aid
- •At the traumatologist’s
- •Overview
- •Vocabulary
- •Rules of reading mute letters (“німі” літери)
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Continuous tenses (Active Voice, Interrogative Form)
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Muscles
- •Ex. 23. Make up a detailed plan of the text "Muscles".
- •Ex. 26. Read the following text and answer the question: Is the body-building useful for modern people? body-building
- •Overview
- •Vocabulary
- •Reading and developing speaking skills Ex. 1. Insert the missing letters:
- •Emergency care of wounds
- •Overview
- •Vocabulary
- •Rules of reading mute letters (“німі” літери)
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Continuous tenses (Passive Voice, Affirmative Form)
- •Indefinite pronouns and adverbs
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Digestive system
- •Portions of the digestive system
- •Gallbladder
- •Pancreas
- •Large intestine
- •The alimentary tract
- •At the gastroenterologist’s
- •Overview
- •Vocabulary
- •Word-building
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Stomach
- •Stomach functions
- •Vocabulary
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Perfect tenses (Passive Voice, Affirmative Form)
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Overview
- •Lesson 28
- •Vocabulary
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Perfect tenses (Passive Voice, Interrogative Form)
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Ex. 8. Translate the following words and word-combinations into Ukrainian:
- •Ex. 14. Answer the following questions:
- •Formed elements of the blood
- •Platelets
- •Leukocytes
- •Overview
- •Vocabulary
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Perfect tenses
- •(Passive Voice)
- •(Revision)
- •Object clauses
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Blood groups
- •Ex. 19. Find the corresponding Ukrainian equivalents for the English terms:
- •Ex. 20. Pronounce and memorize the words to the theme studied:
- •Ex. 21. Read the following text: blood transfusion
- •Summary
- •І. Головна тема чи проблема:
- •Іі. Мета вивчення:
- •Ііі. Зазначення основних положень:
- •IV. Применение на практике
- •V. Висновки та результати:
- •Overview
- •Vocabulary
- •Word-building
- •Attributive clauses
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Suggestions for useful phrases:
- •Ex. 27. Translate the following interrogative sentences into English:
- •Heart chambers
- •Vessels
- •Vocabulary
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Adverbial clauses
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Blood vessels
- •General features of blood vessel structure
- •Lesson 32
- •Vocabulary
- •Word-building
- •Grammar: subordinate clauses
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •The cardiac cycle
- •At the cardiologist’s
- •Overview
- •Lesson 33
- •II. Insert the correct form of the verb:
- •III. Translate the following sentences:
- •IV. Read and translate one of the following texts: Text a disorders of the heart and blood vessels
- •Text b atherosclerosis
- •Text c leukemia
- •Text d digestive system
- •Peptic ulcer
- •Text f gastritis
- •V. Speak on the following topics:
- •Appendix 1
- •Irregular verbs
- •Appendix 2 suffixes and term-elements
- •Term elements of greek and latin origin greek, latin, english and ukrainian equivalents
- •Короткий довідник з правил словотворення
- •Найуживаніші суфікси англійської мови:
- •Основні префікси:
- •Practical grammar guide
- •(Короткий граматичний довідник)
- •Іменник
- •(Cases)
- •Артикль (article)
- •Займенники (pronouns)
- •Прикметник (adjective)
- •Найвищий ступінь порівняння прикметників (Superlative Degree)
- •Порядок слів у реченні.
- •Побудова розповідних і питальних речень
- •Способи визначення присудка в англійському реченні
- •Неозначено-особові речення
- •Безособові речення.
- •Форми дієслова forms of the verb
- •Часи групи simple (indefinite) present simple
- •Past simple
- •Future simple
- •Simple tenses
- •Часи групи continuous
- •Present continuous
- •Past continuous
- •Future continuous
- •Continuous tenses
- •Perfect tenses
- •Present perfect
- •Past perfect
- •Future perfect
- •Perfect tenses
- •Стан дієслова
- •Passive voice
- •Зведена таблиця часів стверджувальної форми
- •Зведена таблиця питальної форми
- •Interrogative form
- •Дієслова to be та to have
- •Ознаки функціональної відмінності дієслова to be
- •Модальні дієслова (modal verbs)
- •Модальне дієслово can
- •Модальне дієслово could
- •Модальне дієслово may
- •Модальне дієслово must
- •Ознаки розпізнавання граматичних форм, утворених за допомогою допоміжних дієслів should I would
- •Підрядні додаткові та означальні речення (object clauses)
- •Виділення членів речення за допомогою підсилювальної конструкції it is (was, will be) ... That (who, which)
- •Умовний спосіб
- •(Infinitive)
- •Об’єктний інфінітивний комплекс (Objective Infinitive Construction)
- •Дієприкметник
- •Об’єктний дієприкметниковий комплекс (Objective Participle Construction)
- •The Objective Participle Construction перекладається підрядним реченням зі сполучником “як”: I saw them walking along the street. – я бачив, як вони йшли по вулиці. Герундій (gerund)
- •Форми герундія
- •Герундіальний комплекс (зворот) (Gerund Construction)
- •Узгодження часів у підрядному додатковому реченні
- •Vocabulary список використаної літератури
- •І.В. Знаменська о.О. Пісоцька в.Г. Костенко
Ex. 19. Find the corresponding Ukrainian equivalents for the English terms:
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1. clotting of blood 2. blood transfusion 3. blood composition 4. adverse reaction 5. to take blood 6. blood incompatibility 7. blood volume |
A. об’єм циркулюючої крові B. несумісність крові C. брати кров D. згортання крові E. переливання крові F. склад крові G. негативна відповідь (реакція) організму |
Ex. 20. Pronounce and memorize the words to the theme studied:
Hemophilia гемофілія; suitable підхожий, придатний, відповідний; donor донор; recipient реціпієнт; sample зразок, проба.
Ex. 21. Read the following text: blood transfusion
Blood transfusions are often necessary to save the life of a person who has a blood disorder, some other diseases, an accident, or surgery. For example, one of the major aids in acute and chronic anemia as well as in shock, hemophilia and so on is transfusion of blood. Blood transfusion produces good results in patients with purulent and septic processes, anaerobic infection, diatheses and others. Disorders of the cardiac function, severe lesion of the kidneys and liver, acute forms of TB and hypertension are the contraindications for blood transfusion.
If the persons older than 17 and weighs at least 110 pounds, they may be suitable blood donors. However, the person must not donate if he/she has had certain disease, such as hepatitis, or if he/she is a member of a risk group for AIDS.
A donor is a person who gives blood, and a recipient is a person who receives blood. Usually a donor can give blood to a recipient if they both have the same blood type. People with type O blood have been called universal donors because they usually can give blood to the other ABO blood types without causing an ABO transfusion reaction.
To give blood, the person goes to a blood donation center or a hospital. There, trained staff members will take a small sample of the blood to check whether a donor has enough hemoglobin. We must remember that blood transfusion can spread diseases such as hepatitis, syphilis, malaria, and AIDS. Various tests are performed on donated blood to minimize the risk of infection. Giving blood is quick and painless. It is also completely safe, because a new, sterile, disposable syringe is used for each donor. Therefore, there is no risk of getting any disease by donating blood. The average volume of blood in the body is 10 to 12 pints in men and 8-9 pints in women. The usual amount of blood taken during donation is 1 pint. Within a few hours, the person’s body will have replaced the fluid the person has lost.
1 pint (measure of capacity, liquid) = 0.568 l in the UK and 0,473 l in the USA.
1 pound (weights in English-spoken countries) = 453.6 g.
Ex. 22. Read and translate into Ukrainian:
To save the life; acute anemia; to produce good results; severe lesion; risk group; to give blood; to spread diseases; disposable syringe; to get a disease; an average volume; to cause ABO transfusion reaction; Rh-incompatibility; adverse transfusion reaction; to take blood.
Ex. 23. Translate the text “Blood Transfusion” into Ukrainian.
Ex. 24. Answer the following questions:
1. In what conditions is blood transfusion helpful? 2. What conditions are contraindications for blood transfusion? 3. What person may give blood for transfusion? 4. How can ABO transfusion reaction be avoided? 5. Why should the donor blood be tested before using? 6. Is giving blood a painful procedure? 7. What is the usual amount of blood taken during donation?
Ex. 25. Skim through the text “Blood Transfusion”. Make up a plan of it supplying each item with key words and then narrate the information on blood transfusion according to your plan.
Ex. 26. Combine corresponding parts into the sentences, paying attention to the meaning of the sentences:
1. The blood transfusion institutes and centers are doing major work on evolving methods _.
2. _ quite often only some of its components are used. 3. The preparation of fibrinogen is already being used successfully _. 4. _ influenza with various gamma globulins.
A. in the case of many diseases, it is not needed in blood transfusion entirely; B. in clinics to check heavy hemorrhages in obstetrics and gynecological practice; C. of producing highly effective preparations made from blood plasma; D. certain experience has now been accumulated in the clinical treatment of whooping cough, smallpox, tetanus and.
Ex. 27. Translate the following sentences into English:
1. Відомо, що безпечне переливання крові залежить від відповідно підібраних груп крові донора та реципієнта. 2. Визначення групи крові полягає у виявленні (identifying) аглютиногенів (agglutinogens), наявних в оболонці еритроцитів. 3. Раніше для переливання крові застосовували лише цільну (whole) кров. 4. Сьогодні кров часто розкладають на її компоненти – червоні кров’яні тільця, білі кров’яні тільця, кров’яні пластинки та плазму. 5. Наприклад, пацієнтам з анемією або гострою крововтратою слід переливати концентровані червоні клітини крові. 6. Плазму крові використовують для відновлення втраченого об’єму крові. 7. Щоб зменшити ризик інфікування різними хворобами, кров ретельно перевіряють. 8. Усі компоненти крові повинні зберігатися відповідним чином.
Ex. 28. Read and memorize some expressions and their equivalents:
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What is your blood group, Rhesus factor?
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Яка у Вас група крові, який резус|резус-фактор|-фактор|фактор|?
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Determine group compatibility. |
Визначите групову сумісність.
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Take blood for cross-matching. |
Візьміть кров для визначення групи крові перехресним способом.
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Agglutination is absent in the drop. |
В краплі аглютинація відсутня. |
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Start transfusion of two units (250 ml) of whole blood. |
Почніть|розпочинайте,зачинайте| переливання двох одиниць (250 мл|) цілісної|цільної,суцільної| крові.
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Get the system fro blood transfusion ready. |
Підготовте систему для переливання крові.
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Check the blood transfusion system for absence of air. |
Перевірте, чи немає повітря в системі для переливання крові.
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Take blood from donor N. |
Візьмітькров у донора Н.
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There are clots in the blood. The plasma is turbid (with flakes, films). |
Кров має згустки. Плазма каламутна|мутна| (з|із| пластівцями, плівками).
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The blood is not fit for transfusion. |
Кров непридатнадля переливання. |
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What is the patient’s reaction to blood transfusion? |
Яка реакція хворого(ой) на переливання крові?
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After blood transfusion the patient developed pruritus, urticaria, and high temperature. |
Після|потім| переливання крові у хворого (ой) з'явилося|появлялося| свербіння|сверблячка,зуд|, кропив'янка|кропивниця|, піднялася|підіймала| температура.
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The patient needs blood transfusion. |
Хворий(а) потребує переливання крові.
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Blood transfusion is contraindicated. |
Переливання крові протипоказане. |
Ex. 29. Work in pairs. Compose the dialogues on the following situation using the expressions of ex. 28. Student A should start.
A 32-year old man was admitted to the emergency room after an automobile accident. He is suspected to have severe hemorrhage.
A: Play the part of a trainee doctor. Ask about the necessity of blood transfusion for the patient and the preparations preceding the procedure of blood transfusion.
B: Play the part of an experienced doctor who manages the patient. Supply any information on the condition of the patient, his blood group, etc.
Ex. 30. Read the following material: