- •I.В. Знаменська
- •Contents
- •Передмова
- •Hippocratic oath
- •Unit 1 lesson 1
- •Vocabulary
- •Phonetics
- •Grammar:
- •(Interrogative Form)
- •(Negative Form)
- •To have
- •Pronoun
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •I am a medical student
- •Personal Information Sheet
- •1. Tell your fellow-students about yourself.
- •2. Describe your family to your new friend.
- •3. Show a friend your family album and answer all his/her questions.
- •Ex. 38. You want to get some information about your patient. Ask him/her questions using the expressions of 36thexercise. Overview
- •Lesson 2
- •Vocabulary
- •Phonetics
- •Grammar: word order in a statement
- •Article
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Ukrainian medical stomatological academy
- •Medical university
- •Overview
- •Lesson 3
- •Vocabulary
- •Rules of reading
- •Vowels (голосні)
- •Word-building
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Medical education in ukraine
- •Overview
- •Vocabulary
- •Rules of reading
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •(Interrogative Form)
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Medical education in the usa
- •Medical education in the united kingdom
- •Overview
- •Vocabulary
- •Rules of reading
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Forms of the verb
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Profession of the physician
- •How often should I consult my physician
- •Overview
- •Vocabulary
- •Rules of reading
- •Grammar:
- •Impersonal sentences
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Ex. 9. What famous physicians of the present do you know? What field of medicine do they work in?
- •Prominent scientists and physicians of ukraine
- •Vocabulary
- •Rules of reading
- •Grammar:
- •Simple tenses (Affirmative Form, Active Voice)
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Public health service in ukraine
- •Overview
- •Vocabulary
- •Rules of reading
- •Word-building
- •National health service in the united kingdom
- •Vocabulary
- •Rules of reading
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Simple tenses (Interrogative Form, Active Voice) General Questions
- •Special Questions
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Polyclinic
- •Overview
- •Medical examination
- •Vocabulary
- •Rules of reading
- •Reading and developing speaking skills Ex. 7. Read vocabulary and memorize new words. Ex. 8. Compose 5-6 sentences using the words of the vocabulary
- •At the therapeutist's
- •Overview
- •Rules of reading
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Open conditionals
- •Numeral
- •Vocabulary
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Hospital
- •Ex. 19. Translate the following sentences into English:
- •Overview
- •Vocabulary
- •Rules of reading
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •At the physician's
- •1. In what order you might ask these questions; 2. In what form you might ask them:
- •Overview
- •Lesson 13
- •Vocabulary
- •Rules of reading
- •Grammar:
- •Modal verbs
- •Equivalents of the modal verbs
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Chemist’s shop
- •Your home medicine chest
- •Overview
- •I. Insert the missing words:
- •II. Finish the following sentences:
- •III. Choose the proper term given below to the following definitions:
- •IV. Read and translate one of the following texts:
- •Galen (philosopher, physician, discoverer of blood and the cranial nerves)
- •World health organization
- •V. Speak on the following topics:
- •Vocabulary
- •Rules of reading
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Simple tenses (Passive Voice, Affirmative Form)
- •Passive voice:
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Body regions
- •Vocabulary
- •Rules of reading
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Simple tenses (Passive Voice, Interrogative Form)
- •General Questions
- •Special Questions
- •Reading and developing speaking skills Ex. 8. Insert the missing letters and translate the following words:
- •Ex. 12. Read the following text: trunk
- •Body cavities
- •Directional terms for humans
- •Vocabulary
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Lesson 18
- •Vocabulary
- •Rules of reading
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Perfect tenses (Active Voice, Affirmative Form)
- •Modal verbs: should and would
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Ex. 18. Do you agree, disagree or partially agree with the statements below:
- •Cell division
- •Ex. 25. Answer the following questions:
- •Vocabulary
- •Rules of reading
- •Reading and developing speaking
- •Tissues
- •Classification of Epithelium
- •Tissues and organs
- •Functions and Location of Tissues.
- •Vocabulary
- •Reading and developing speaking
- •Organ systems
- •Ex. 16. Translate the following sentences into English:
- •Overview
- •Vocabulary
- •Rules of reading mute letters (“німі” літери)
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Participle I (v4)
- •Continuous tenses (Active Voice, Affirmative Form)
- •Reading and developing skills
- •Skeleton
- •Ex. 26. Read the following words and try to memorize them:
- •Bone's structure
- •Overview
- •Lesson 22
- •Vocabulary
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Fractures, dislocations, sprains, and strains
- •Fractures
- •Dislocations
- •Sprains
- •Strains
- •The signs of fractures, dislocations, sprains, and strains
- •Ex. 11. What types of dislocations and fractures do you know? Can you explain the meaning of the following terms:
- •Types of fractures
- •First aid
- •At the traumatologist’s
- •Overview
- •Vocabulary
- •Rules of reading mute letters (“німі” літери)
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Continuous tenses (Active Voice, Interrogative Form)
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Muscles
- •Ex. 23. Make up a detailed plan of the text "Muscles".
- •Ex. 26. Read the following text and answer the question: Is the body-building useful for modern people? body-building
- •Overview
- •Vocabulary
- •Reading and developing speaking skills Ex. 1. Insert the missing letters:
- •Emergency care of wounds
- •Overview
- •Vocabulary
- •Rules of reading mute letters (“німі” літери)
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Continuous tenses (Passive Voice, Affirmative Form)
- •Indefinite pronouns and adverbs
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Digestive system
- •Portions of the digestive system
- •Gallbladder
- •Pancreas
- •Large intestine
- •The alimentary tract
- •At the gastroenterologist’s
- •Overview
- •Vocabulary
- •Word-building
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Stomach
- •Stomach functions
- •Vocabulary
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Perfect tenses (Passive Voice, Affirmative Form)
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Overview
- •Lesson 28
- •Vocabulary
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Perfect tenses (Passive Voice, Interrogative Form)
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Ex. 8. Translate the following words and word-combinations into Ukrainian:
- •Ex. 14. Answer the following questions:
- •Formed elements of the blood
- •Platelets
- •Leukocytes
- •Overview
- •Vocabulary
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Perfect tenses
- •(Passive Voice)
- •(Revision)
- •Object clauses
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Blood groups
- •Ex. 19. Find the corresponding Ukrainian equivalents for the English terms:
- •Ex. 20. Pronounce and memorize the words to the theme studied:
- •Ex. 21. Read the following text: blood transfusion
- •Summary
- •І. Головна тема чи проблема:
- •Іі. Мета вивчення:
- •Ііі. Зазначення основних положень:
- •IV. Применение на практике
- •V. Висновки та результати:
- •Overview
- •Vocabulary
- •Word-building
- •Attributive clauses
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Suggestions for useful phrases:
- •Ex. 27. Translate the following interrogative sentences into English:
- •Heart chambers
- •Vessels
- •Vocabulary
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Adverbial clauses
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Blood vessels
- •General features of blood vessel structure
- •Lesson 32
- •Vocabulary
- •Word-building
- •Grammar: subordinate clauses
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •The cardiac cycle
- •At the cardiologist’s
- •Overview
- •Lesson 33
- •II. Insert the correct form of the verb:
- •III. Translate the following sentences:
- •IV. Read and translate one of the following texts: Text a disorders of the heart and blood vessels
- •Text b atherosclerosis
- •Text c leukemia
- •Text d digestive system
- •Peptic ulcer
- •Text f gastritis
- •V. Speak on the following topics:
- •Appendix 1
- •Irregular verbs
- •Appendix 2 suffixes and term-elements
- •Term elements of greek and latin origin greek, latin, english and ukrainian equivalents
- •Короткий довідник з правил словотворення
- •Найуживаніші суфікси англійської мови:
- •Основні префікси:
- •Practical grammar guide
- •(Короткий граматичний довідник)
- •Іменник
- •(Cases)
- •Артикль (article)
- •Займенники (pronouns)
- •Прикметник (adjective)
- •Найвищий ступінь порівняння прикметників (Superlative Degree)
- •Порядок слів у реченні.
- •Побудова розповідних і питальних речень
- •Способи визначення присудка в англійському реченні
- •Неозначено-особові речення
- •Безособові речення.
- •Форми дієслова forms of the verb
- •Часи групи simple (indefinite) present simple
- •Past simple
- •Future simple
- •Simple tenses
- •Часи групи continuous
- •Present continuous
- •Past continuous
- •Future continuous
- •Continuous tenses
- •Perfect tenses
- •Present perfect
- •Past perfect
- •Future perfect
- •Perfect tenses
- •Стан дієслова
- •Passive voice
- •Зведена таблиця часів стверджувальної форми
- •Зведена таблиця питальної форми
- •Interrogative form
- •Дієслова to be та to have
- •Ознаки функціональної відмінності дієслова to be
- •Модальні дієслова (modal verbs)
- •Модальне дієслово can
- •Модальне дієслово could
- •Модальне дієслово may
- •Модальне дієслово must
- •Ознаки розпізнавання граматичних форм, утворених за допомогою допоміжних дієслів should I would
- •Підрядні додаткові та означальні речення (object clauses)
- •Виділення членів речення за допомогою підсилювальної конструкції it is (was, will be) ... That (who, which)
- •Умовний спосіб
- •(Infinitive)
- •Об’єктний інфінітивний комплекс (Objective Infinitive Construction)
- •Дієприкметник
- •Об’єктний дієприкметниковий комплекс (Objective Participle Construction)
- •The Objective Participle Construction перекладається підрядним реченням зі сполучником “як”: I saw them walking along the street. – я бачив, як вони йшли по вулиці. Герундій (gerund)
- •Форми герундія
- •Герундіальний комплекс (зворот) (Gerund Construction)
- •Узгодження часів у підрядному додатковому реченні
- •Vocabulary список використаної літератури
- •І.В. Знаменська о.О. Пісоцька в.Г. Костенко
Lesson 18
CELL
Vocabulary
|
originate [q'rIGIneIt] брати початок, походити, виникати fertilize ['fWtIlaIz] запліднювати egg [eg] яйцеклітина proceed [pre'sI:d] розвиватися embryonic ["embrI'OnIk] зародковий, ембріональний specialize ['speSqlaIz] адаптуватися, пристосовуватися plasma ['plxzmq] плазма bound [baund] обмежувати, ставити межу, стримувати carbohydrate [kRbqu'haIdreIt] вуглевод capable [‘keIpqbl] дієздатний rest [rest] решта enclose [In'klqus] оточувати, обгороджувати; містити osteoclast ['OstIq"klxst] остеокласт, остеокластоцит surround [sq'raund] оточувати |
nucleus (pl. nuclei) ['njHklIqs] ядро (клітини) deoxyribonucleic [dI:'OksI'raIbOunju"klIqk] дезоксирібонуклеїновий protein ['prqutI:n] білок, протеїн fuse [fjuz] об'єднувати (ся), переплітатися pore [pO:] пора disperse [dIs'pq:s] розповсюджувати thin [TIn] тонкий strand [strxnd] ланцюг, нитка; молекулярний ланцюжок ribonucleic ['raIbOunju"klIqk] рібонуклеїновий hereditary [hI'redIt(q)rI] спадковий cytosol ['saItousOl] цитозоль inclusion [In'klHZ(q)n] включення support [sq'pO:t] підтримувати fiber [faIbq] волокно create [krI'eIt] породжувати, робити, створювати, творити compartment [kqm'pRtmqnt] відділення (частина чого-небудь) |
Rules of reading
|
Letters |
Sounds |
Examples |
|
j |
[G] |
job |
|
tion ssion |
[S(q)n] |
injection prescription mission |
|
ture |
[Cq] |
fracture |
|
qu |
[kw] |
quite |
|
dia |
[daIq] |
diagnose |
|
bi |
[baI] |
biology antibiotic |
Ex. 1. Read the following words:
Liquid; quickly; require; quadrant; equal; diameter; diaphysis; dialogue; diagonal; bicuspid; subject; June; injure; major; majority; prevention; examination; addition; condition; respiration; circulation; observation; expression; profession; mixture; structure; manufacture; temperature.
Word-building
Ex. 2. Familiarize yourself with the following material:
Suffixes of Noun:
-ion (-ation, -tion, -ssion) (denote condition or phenomena)
to organize організовувати – organization організація
to compress стискати, здавлювати – compression стиснення, стискання
Term-element:
cyto- (cell)
cytophagy цитофагія, поглинання клітин фагоцитами
Ex. 3. Read and translate the following words:
A. Prevention; investigation; information; portion; transplantation; accumulation; production; radiation; decision; formation; infarction.
B.Cytoskeleton, cytoplasm, cytokinesis, cytology, cytoplasmic.
Grammar:
Ex. 4. Familiarize yourself with the data of the following table:
Perfect tenses (Active Voice, Affirmative Form)
to have + V3
|
Present Perfect Tense
|
I (you, we, they)
He (she, it) |
have + V3 has |
These cells have divided today.
Cell has divided into two ones this week. |
|
Past Perfect Tense |
I (he, she, it, you, we, they) |
had + V3 |
Yesterday he had written an article before you came. |
|
Future Perfect Tense
|
I (we)
He (she, it, you, they) |
shall have + V3 will have |
Tomorrow the cells will have divided into two ones by 3 p.m. |
Ex. 5. Read and translate the following sentences:
1. Research works of many scientists have helped to estimate that the rate of heart beat increases depending on the different emotions. 2. They have already performed on some operations. 3. Professor has lately published new book on the functions of the cell. 4. Physicians had determined the cause of disease by 8 o'clock p.m. 5. Tomorrow they will have written an article before you come.
Ex. 6. Put the verbs into correct tense forms:
1. Physiologists (to determine) that new cells are produced by cell division. 2. The scientists (to discuss) the mechanisms and physiological changes occurring during cell division. 3. He (to estimate) that mitosis is the division of the nucleus into two nuclei. 4. Our studies (to show) that one member of each autosomal pair is derived from the person's father, and the other is derived from the mother. 5. Heart transplantation (to become) a routine procedure.
Ex. 7. Translate the following sentences into English:
1. Пацієнт відновив (to restore) своє здоров’я до кінця вересня. 2. Він погано спав до того, як прийшов лікар. 3. Він вже оглянув усіх пацієнтів. 4. Вчені відзначили серйозні зміни в структурі клітини. 5. Ми закінчили свої дослідження щодо (on) поділу клітини.