- •I.В. Знаменська
- •Contents
- •Передмова
- •Hippocratic oath
- •Unit 1 lesson 1
- •Vocabulary
- •Phonetics
- •Grammar:
- •(Interrogative Form)
- •(Negative Form)
- •To have
- •Pronoun
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •I am a medical student
- •Personal Information Sheet
- •1. Tell your fellow-students about yourself.
- •2. Describe your family to your new friend.
- •3. Show a friend your family album and answer all his/her questions.
- •Ex. 38. You want to get some information about your patient. Ask him/her questions using the expressions of 36thexercise. Overview
- •Lesson 2
- •Vocabulary
- •Phonetics
- •Grammar: word order in a statement
- •Article
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Ukrainian medical stomatological academy
- •Medical university
- •Overview
- •Lesson 3
- •Vocabulary
- •Rules of reading
- •Vowels (голосні)
- •Word-building
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Medical education in ukraine
- •Overview
- •Vocabulary
- •Rules of reading
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •(Interrogative Form)
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Medical education in the usa
- •Medical education in the united kingdom
- •Overview
- •Vocabulary
- •Rules of reading
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Forms of the verb
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Profession of the physician
- •How often should I consult my physician
- •Overview
- •Vocabulary
- •Rules of reading
- •Grammar:
- •Impersonal sentences
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Ex. 9. What famous physicians of the present do you know? What field of medicine do they work in?
- •Prominent scientists and physicians of ukraine
- •Vocabulary
- •Rules of reading
- •Grammar:
- •Simple tenses (Affirmative Form, Active Voice)
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Public health service in ukraine
- •Overview
- •Vocabulary
- •Rules of reading
- •Word-building
- •National health service in the united kingdom
- •Vocabulary
- •Rules of reading
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Simple tenses (Interrogative Form, Active Voice) General Questions
- •Special Questions
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Polyclinic
- •Overview
- •Medical examination
- •Vocabulary
- •Rules of reading
- •Reading and developing speaking skills Ex. 7. Read vocabulary and memorize new words. Ex. 8. Compose 5-6 sentences using the words of the vocabulary
- •At the therapeutist's
- •Overview
- •Rules of reading
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Open conditionals
- •Numeral
- •Vocabulary
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Hospital
- •Ex. 19. Translate the following sentences into English:
- •Overview
- •Vocabulary
- •Rules of reading
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •At the physician's
- •1. In what order you might ask these questions; 2. In what form you might ask them:
- •Overview
- •Lesson 13
- •Vocabulary
- •Rules of reading
- •Grammar:
- •Modal verbs
- •Equivalents of the modal verbs
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Chemist’s shop
- •Your home medicine chest
- •Overview
- •I. Insert the missing words:
- •II. Finish the following sentences:
- •III. Choose the proper term given below to the following definitions:
- •IV. Read and translate one of the following texts:
- •Galen (philosopher, physician, discoverer of blood and the cranial nerves)
- •World health organization
- •V. Speak on the following topics:
- •Vocabulary
- •Rules of reading
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Simple tenses (Passive Voice, Affirmative Form)
- •Passive voice:
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Body regions
- •Vocabulary
- •Rules of reading
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Simple tenses (Passive Voice, Interrogative Form)
- •General Questions
- •Special Questions
- •Reading and developing speaking skills Ex. 8. Insert the missing letters and translate the following words:
- •Ex. 12. Read the following text: trunk
- •Body cavities
- •Directional terms for humans
- •Vocabulary
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Lesson 18
- •Vocabulary
- •Rules of reading
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Perfect tenses (Active Voice, Affirmative Form)
- •Modal verbs: should and would
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Ex. 18. Do you agree, disagree or partially agree with the statements below:
- •Cell division
- •Ex. 25. Answer the following questions:
- •Vocabulary
- •Rules of reading
- •Reading and developing speaking
- •Tissues
- •Classification of Epithelium
- •Tissues and organs
- •Functions and Location of Tissues.
- •Vocabulary
- •Reading and developing speaking
- •Organ systems
- •Ex. 16. Translate the following sentences into English:
- •Overview
- •Vocabulary
- •Rules of reading mute letters (“німі” літери)
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Participle I (v4)
- •Continuous tenses (Active Voice, Affirmative Form)
- •Reading and developing skills
- •Skeleton
- •Ex. 26. Read the following words and try to memorize them:
- •Bone's structure
- •Overview
- •Lesson 22
- •Vocabulary
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Fractures, dislocations, sprains, and strains
- •Fractures
- •Dislocations
- •Sprains
- •Strains
- •The signs of fractures, dislocations, sprains, and strains
- •Ex. 11. What types of dislocations and fractures do you know? Can you explain the meaning of the following terms:
- •Types of fractures
- •First aid
- •At the traumatologist’s
- •Overview
- •Vocabulary
- •Rules of reading mute letters (“німі” літери)
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Continuous tenses (Active Voice, Interrogative Form)
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Muscles
- •Ex. 23. Make up a detailed plan of the text "Muscles".
- •Ex. 26. Read the following text and answer the question: Is the body-building useful for modern people? body-building
- •Overview
- •Vocabulary
- •Reading and developing speaking skills Ex. 1. Insert the missing letters:
- •Emergency care of wounds
- •Overview
- •Vocabulary
- •Rules of reading mute letters (“німі” літери)
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Continuous tenses (Passive Voice, Affirmative Form)
- •Indefinite pronouns and adverbs
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Digestive system
- •Portions of the digestive system
- •Gallbladder
- •Pancreas
- •Large intestine
- •The alimentary tract
- •At the gastroenterologist’s
- •Overview
- •Vocabulary
- •Word-building
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Stomach
- •Stomach functions
- •Vocabulary
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Perfect tenses (Passive Voice, Affirmative Form)
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Overview
- •Lesson 28
- •Vocabulary
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Perfect tenses (Passive Voice, Interrogative Form)
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Ex. 8. Translate the following words and word-combinations into Ukrainian:
- •Ex. 14. Answer the following questions:
- •Formed elements of the blood
- •Platelets
- •Leukocytes
- •Overview
- •Vocabulary
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Perfect tenses
- •(Passive Voice)
- •(Revision)
- •Object clauses
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Blood groups
- •Ex. 19. Find the corresponding Ukrainian equivalents for the English terms:
- •Ex. 20. Pronounce and memorize the words to the theme studied:
- •Ex. 21. Read the following text: blood transfusion
- •Summary
- •І. Головна тема чи проблема:
- •Іі. Мета вивчення:
- •Ііі. Зазначення основних положень:
- •IV. Применение на практике
- •V. Висновки та результати:
- •Overview
- •Vocabulary
- •Word-building
- •Attributive clauses
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Suggestions for useful phrases:
- •Ex. 27. Translate the following interrogative sentences into English:
- •Heart chambers
- •Vessels
- •Vocabulary
- •Word-building
- •Grammar:
- •Adverbial clauses
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •Blood vessels
- •General features of blood vessel structure
- •Lesson 32
- •Vocabulary
- •Word-building
- •Grammar: subordinate clauses
- •Reading and developing speaking skills
- •The cardiac cycle
- •At the cardiologist’s
- •Overview
- •Lesson 33
- •II. Insert the correct form of the verb:
- •III. Translate the following sentences:
- •IV. Read and translate one of the following texts: Text a disorders of the heart and blood vessels
- •Text b atherosclerosis
- •Text c leukemia
- •Text d digestive system
- •Peptic ulcer
- •Text f gastritis
- •V. Speak on the following topics:
- •Appendix 1
- •Irregular verbs
- •Appendix 2 suffixes and term-elements
- •Term elements of greek and latin origin greek, latin, english and ukrainian equivalents
- •Короткий довідник з правил словотворення
- •Найуживаніші суфікси англійської мови:
- •Основні префікси:
- •Practical grammar guide
- •(Короткий граматичний довідник)
- •Іменник
- •(Cases)
- •Артикль (article)
- •Займенники (pronouns)
- •Прикметник (adjective)
- •Найвищий ступінь порівняння прикметників (Superlative Degree)
- •Порядок слів у реченні.
- •Побудова розповідних і питальних речень
- •Способи визначення присудка в англійському реченні
- •Неозначено-особові речення
- •Безособові речення.
- •Форми дієслова forms of the verb
- •Часи групи simple (indefinite) present simple
- •Past simple
- •Future simple
- •Simple tenses
- •Часи групи continuous
- •Present continuous
- •Past continuous
- •Future continuous
- •Continuous tenses
- •Perfect tenses
- •Present perfect
- •Past perfect
- •Future perfect
- •Perfect tenses
- •Стан дієслова
- •Passive voice
- •Зведена таблиця часів стверджувальної форми
- •Зведена таблиця питальної форми
- •Interrogative form
- •Дієслова to be та to have
- •Ознаки функціональної відмінності дієслова to be
- •Модальні дієслова (modal verbs)
- •Модальне дієслово can
- •Модальне дієслово could
- •Модальне дієслово may
- •Модальне дієслово must
- •Ознаки розпізнавання граматичних форм, утворених за допомогою допоміжних дієслів should I would
- •Підрядні додаткові та означальні речення (object clauses)
- •Виділення членів речення за допомогою підсилювальної конструкції it is (was, will be) ... That (who, which)
- •Умовний спосіб
- •(Infinitive)
- •Об’єктний інфінітивний комплекс (Objective Infinitive Construction)
- •Дієприкметник
- •Об’єктний дієприкметниковий комплекс (Objective Participle Construction)
- •The Objective Participle Construction перекладається підрядним реченням зі сполучником “як”: I saw them walking along the street. – я бачив, як вони йшли по вулиці. Герундій (gerund)
- •Форми герундія
- •Герундіальний комплекс (зворот) (Gerund Construction)
- •Узгодження часів у підрядному додатковому реченні
- •Vocabulary список використаної літератури
- •І.В. Знаменська о.О. Пісоцька в.Г. Костенко
Text f gastritis
“Gastritis” is a general term that means inflammation of the lining of the stomach. It can result from a number of causes, each of which may produce somewhat different symptoms, such as: upper abdominal discomfort, nausea and vomiting, and diarrhea.
Gastritis can occur as a result of acid-induced damage to the lining of the stomach when no ulcer is present. Excessive smoking or alcohol consumption are known to produce mild gastritis or to aggravate existing gastritis symptoms. Gastritis also can be a side effect of a number of prescription drugs. Severe stress due to burns, trauma, surgery, or shock may produce gastritis. Gastritis is also seen in some persons whose stomachs do not produce acid. In these cases, the lining of the stomach is atrophied. This condition may be associated with vitamin B12 deficiency and occurs in many older people. Even very healthy people may experience gastritis with some regularity.
In most cases, the symptoms of gastritis are relatively mild and short-lived, pose no real danger, and have no lasting effect. Occasionally, gastritis may cause bleeding, but it is rarely severe.
Antacids in liquid or tablet form are a suitable and common treatment of mild gastritis. If a person is troubled by excessive acid and antacids fail to provide relief, the physician may prescribe drugs such as cimetidine, ranitidine, or nizatidine, which decrease the amount of acid produced by the stomach. Medication to protect the lining of the stomach may be used.
V. Speak on the following topics:
1. Bones.
2. Skeletal System.
3. Muscular System.
4. Digestive System.
5. Stomach.
6. Liver.
7. Blood.
8. Cardiovascular system.
9. Heart.
10. Vessels.
Appendix 1
Irregular verbs
|
V |
Translation |
V2 |
V3 |
|
be [bI:] |
бути |
was, were [wOz, wq:] |
been [bI:n] |
|
bear [bFq] |
нести; родити |
bore [bO:] |
born(e) [bO:n] |
|
beat [bI:t] |
бити |
beat [bI:t] |
beaten ['bI:tn] |
|
become [bI'kAm] |
ставати |
became [bI'keIm] |
become [bI'kAm] |
|
begin [bI'gIn] |
починати |
began [bI'gxn] |
begun [bI'gAn] |
|
bring [brIN] |
приносити |
brought [brO:t] |
brought [brO:t] |
|
build [bIld] |
будувати |
built [bIlt] |
built [bIlt] |
|
catch [kxC] |
ловити |
caught [kO:t] |
caught [kO:t] |
|
choose [Cu:z] |
вибирати |
chose [Couz] |
chosen ['Couzn] |
|
come [kAm] |
приходити |
came [keIm] |
come [kAm] |
|
cut [kAt] |
різати |
cut [kAt] |
cut [kAt] |
|
deal [dI:l] |
мати справу |
dealt [delt] |
dealt [delt] |
|
do [du:] |
робити |
did [dId] |
done [dAn] |
|
draw [drO:] |
тягнути |
drew [dru:] |
drawn [drO:n] |
|
drink [drINk] |
пити |
drank [drxNk] |
drunk [drank] |
|
eat [I:t] |
їсти |
ate [et, eIt] |
eaten ['I:tn] |
|
fall [fO:l] |
падати |
fell [fel] |
fallen ['fO:ln] |
|
feed [fI:d] |
кормити |
fed [fed] |
fed [fed] |
|
feel [fI:l] |
відчувати |
felt [felt] |
felt [felt] |
|
fight [faIt] |
битися |
fought [fO:t] |
fought [fO:t] |
|
find [faInd] |
знаходити |
found [faund] |
found [faund] |
|
get [get] |
одержувати |
got [gOt] |
got, gotten [gOtn] |
|
give [gIv] |
давати |
gave [geIv] |
given [gIvn] |
|
go [gou] |
ходити |
went [went] |
gone [gOn] |
|
grow [grou] |
рости |
grew [gru:] |
grown [groun] |
|
have [hxv] |
мати |
had [hxd] |
had [hxd] |
|
hear [hIq] |
чути |
heard [hq:d] |
heard [hq:d] |
|
hold [hould] |
тримати |
held [held] |
held [held] |
|
keep [kI:p] |
тримати; зберігати |
kept [kept] |
kept [kept] |
|
know [nou] |
знати |
knew [nju:] |
known [noun] |
|
lead [lI:d] |
вести |
led [led] |
led [led] |
|
learn [lq:n] |
вчити |
learnt [lq:nt], learned |
learnt [lq:nt], learned |
|
leave [lI:v] |
залишати |
left [left] |
left [left] |
|
lie [laI] |
лежати |
lay [leI] |
lain [leIn] |
|
lose [lu:z] |
губити |
lost [lOst] |
lost [lOst] |
|
make [meIk] |
робити |
made [meId] |
made [meId] |
|
mean [mI:n] |
означати, мати на увазі |
meant [ment] |
meant [ment] |
|
meet [mI:t] |
зустрічати |
met [met] |
met [met] |
|
pay [peI] |
платити |
paid [peId] |
paid [peId] |
|
put [put] |
класти |
put [put] |
put [put] |
|
read [rI:d] |
читати |
red [red] |
red [red] |
|
rise [raIz] |
піднімати |
rose [rouz] |
risen ['rIzn] |
|
run [rAn] |
бігати |
ran [rxn] |
run [rAn] |
|
say [seI] |
сказати |
said [sed] |
said [sed] |
|
see [sI:] |
бачити |
saw [sO:] |
seen [sI:n] |
|
send [send] |
посилати |
sent [sent] |
sent [sent] |
|
show [Sou] |
показувати |
showed [Soud] |
showed, shown [Soun] |
|
sit [sIt] |
сидіти |
sat [sxt] |
sat [sxt] |
|
sleep [slI:p] |
спати |
slept [slept] |
slept [slept] |
|
smell [smel] |
пахнути |
smelt [smelt] |
smelt [smelt] |
|
speak [spI:k] |
говорити |
spoke [spouk] |
spoken ['spoukn] |
|
spend [spend] |
витрачати |
spent [spent] |
spent [spent] |
|
spread [spred] |
простягатися |
spread [spred] |
spread [spred] |
|
take [teIk] |
брати |
took [tuk] |
taken ['teIkn] |
|
teach [tI:C] |
вчити |
taught [tO:t] |
taught [tO:t] |
|
tell [tel] |
розказувати |
told [tould] |
told [tould] |
|
think [TI:Nk] |
думати |
thought [TO:t] |
thought [TO:t] |
|
understand ["Andq'stxnd] |
розуміти |
understood ["Andq'stud] |
understood ["Andq'stud] |
|
write [raIt] |
писати |
wrote [rout] |
written [rItn] |