Rules of reading

Letters	Sounds	Examples	Notes
wh	[w]	when why	перед голосними, крім о
wh	[h]	whom whole	перед літерою о у наголошеному складі

Ex. 1. Read the following words:

Write; wrong; whole; who; white; when; where.

WORD-BUILDING

Ex. 2. Familiarize yourself with the following material:

Suffix of Adjectives:

-ant (-ent)

to depend залежати – dependent залежний

to resist опиратися – resistant опірний, здатний опиратися

Ex. 3. Read and translate the following words:

Important; constant; prominent; different; resistant; independent; ancient.

GRAMMAR:

PERFECT TENSES

(Active Voice, Affirmative Form)

Ex. 4. Read and translate the following sentences and determine their tense-forms:

1. He has estimated that tissues change dramatically. 2. The size of this skeletal muscle has increased. 3. Recent studies have shown that these drugs can reduce deaths from various diseases. 4. Research works have given physiologists the possibility to find out that most epithelia have basement membranes. 5. Physiologists have classified the tissue types according to the structure or function.

PERFECT TENSES

(Active Voice, Interrogative Form)

Ex. 5. Familiarize yourself with the data of the following table:

Tense	Questioning word	Auxiliary verb	Subject	Predicate	Example
Present Perfect Tense	What Why Where How many	have has	I, you, we they he, she, it	V3	What has the scientist determined this year?
Past Perfect Tense	How much	had	I, he, she, it, you, we, they	V3	How many parts had the cell divided into by 5 o’clock yesterday?
Future Perfect Tense		shall will	I, we he, she, it, you, they	have + V3	What text will Helen have translated by 3 o’clock tomorrow?

Ex. 6. Translate the following interrogative sentences into Ukrainian:

1. Has the computer analyzed the patient's condition? 2. Have these authors published their medical articles? 3. What inventions in medicine has V.P. Filatov made? 4. What hospitals have the Romans established? 5. What countries has the child mortality declined in during the last decade? 6. Why have they used these methods of treatment?

Ex. 7. Make the following sentences interrogative:

1. Muscular contractions have pumped blood through the circulatory system. 2. Physiologists have estimated that nervous tissue conducts electrical signals. 3. They have noted excessive activity of tissues. 4. The scientists have discussed physiological changes occurring during disease. 5. By 2020, the number of people over 60 will have grown to one billion. 6. The physiologists have determined the structure of the bone. 7. Myoblasts have produced skeletal muscle fibers. 8. The kidneys have developed from mesoderm. 9. The cells have produced by cell division. 10. The patient has complained of dry cough and high temperature.