- •Foreword
- •Foreword to First Edition
- •Contributors
- •Preface
- •A.1 Piezoelectric Materials
- •A.3 Optical Fiber Sensors
- •A.4 Electrorheological Fluids
- •A.5 Magnetostrictive Materials
- •A.6 Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems
- •A.7 Comparison Of Actuators
- •References
- •Index
- •1. Introduction and Overview
- •1.1 General
- •1.3 High-Performance Fiber Composite Concepts
- •1.4 Fiber Reinforcements
- •1.5 Matrices
- •References
- •Bibliography
- •2. Basic Principles of Fiber Composite Materials
- •2.1 Introduction to Fiber Composite Systems
- •2.3 Micromechanics
- •2.4 Elastic Constants
- •2.5 Micromechanics Approach to Strength
- •2.6 Simple Estimate of Compressive Strength
- •References
- •3. Fibers for Polymer-Matrix Composites
- •3.1 Overview
- •3.3 Carbon Fibers
- •3.4 Boron Fibers
- •3.5 Silicon Carbide
- •3.6 Aramid Fibers
- •3.7 Orientated Polyethylene Fibers
- •3.8 Dry Fiber Forms
- •References
- •4. Polymeric Matrix Materials
- •4.1 Introduction
- •4.2 Thermoset and Thermoplastic Polymer Matrix Materials
- •4.3 Thermosetting Resin Systems
- •4.4 Thermoplastic Systems
- •References
- •5. Component Form and Manufacture
- •5.1 Introduction
- •5.2 Outline of General Laminating Procedures
- •5.5 Filament Winding
- •5.7 Process Modelling
- •5.8 Tooling
- •References
- •6. Structural Analysis
- •6.1 Overview
- •6.2 Laminate Theory
- •6.3 Stress Concentration and Edge Effects
- •6.4 Failure Theories
- •6.7 Buckling
- •6.8 Summary
- •References
- •7. Mechanical Property Measurement
- •7.1 Introduction
- •7.2 Coupon Tests
- •7.3 Laboratory Simulation of Environmental Effects
- •7.4 Measurement of Residual Strength
- •7.5 Measurement of Interlaminar Fracture Energy
- •References
- •8. Properties of Composite Systems
- •8.1 Introduction
- •8.3 Boron Fiber Composite Systems
- •8.4 Aramid Fiber Composite Systems
- •8.6 Properties of Laminates
- •References
- •9. Joining of Composite Structures
- •9.1 Introduction
- •9.2 Comparison Between Mechanically Fastened and Adhesively Bonded Joints
- •9.3 Adhesively Bonded Joints
- •9.4 Mechanically Fastened Joints
- •References
- •10. Repair Technology
- •10.1 Introduction
- •10.2 Assessment of the Need to Repair
- •10.3 Classification of Types of Structure
- •10.4 Repair Requirements
- •10.6 Patch Repairs: General Considerations
- •10.7 Bonded Patch Repairs
- •10.9 Application Technology: In Situ Repairs
- •10.10 Bolted Repairs
- •References
- •11. Quality Assurance
- •11.1 Introduction
- •11.2 Quality Control
- •11.3 Cure Monitoring
- •References
- •12. Aircraft Applications and Design Issues
- •12.1 Overview
- •12.2 Applications of Glass-Fiber Composites
- •12.3 Current Applications
- •12.4 Design Considerations
- •12.7 A Value Engineering Approach to the Use of Composite Materials
- •12.8 Conclusion
- •References
- •13. Airworthiness Considerations For Airframe Structures
- •13.1 Overview
- •13.2 Certification of Airframe Structures
- •13.3 The Development of Design Allowables
- •13.4 Demonstration of Static Strength
- •13.5 Demonstration of Fatigue Strength
- •13.6 Demonstration of Damage Tolerance
- •13.7 Assessment of the Impact Damage Threat
- •References
- •14. Three-Dimensionally Reinforced Preforms and Composites
- •14.1 Introduction
- •14.2 Stitching
- •14.3 Z-Pinning
- •14.6 Knitting
- •14.8 Conclusion
- •References
- •15. Smart Structures
- •15.1 Introduction
- •15.2 Engineering Approaches
- •15.3 Selected Applications and Demonstrators
- •References
- •16. Knowledge-Based Engineering, Computer-Aided Design, and Finite Element Analysis
- •16.2 Finite Element Modelling of Composite Structures
- •16.3 Finite Element Solution Process
- •16.4 Element Types
- •16.5 Finite Element Modelling of Composite Structures
- •16.6 Implementation
- •References
Preface
This book is a revised and extended edition to the original 1986 book Composite Materials for Aircraft Structures, edited by Brian Hoskin and Alan Baker of the then Aeronautical Research Laboratories in Melbourne, Australia. In 1997, staff responsible for the AIAA Education Series invited Brian and Alan to produce a sequel, but sadly Brian had passed away some years ago. However, Alan was still working full-time as Research Leader of Aerospace Composite Structures at the Australian Defence Science and Technology Organisation (DSTO) and actively engaged in the research activities of the Cooperative Research Center for Advanced Composite Structures Limited (CRC-ACS), which had been established in 1991. This was fortuitous, as Alan was able to call upon the support of a relatively large team of experts working in the CRC-ACS and its member organizations, to undertake the requested revision.
The work on the revised edition began in 1998, as a CRC-ACS education program task led by Alan and supported by the then Director, Dr Gordon Long. The task progressed slowly as most of the contributors were heavily committed, however it continued to be supported by the new CRC-ACS Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Dr Ian Mair. In order to assist Alan in what seemed to be an everincreasing task, two co-editors joined him: Mr Stuart Dutton, Deputy CEO of the CRC-ACS, and Prof. Don Kelly, Professor at the University of New South Wales. Stuart and Don are widely respected in the Australian composites research community for their contributions to the advancement of the design and manufacture of advanced composite structures.
Whilst much has changed in composites technology since the original book was written, some topics (at the level required) have not changed that much, so they are incorporated into this book more or less unchanged. In particular, the material in the chapter on Structural Analysis by Brian Hoskin has been retained, essentially unchanged. Also, the chapter on Basic Principles, although renamed, is much the same as in the original edition. The remainder of the book is significantly different from the original, except that some of the figures have been recycled. There are now 16 chapters and an appendix, which together provide an outstanding overview and, in many areas, a very detailed expos6 of the most important aspects of composite materials for aircraft structures.
Whilst this book has been produced with the support of the CRC-ACS, the efforts of each of the contributors from the CRC-ACS and its members, such as DSTO and Hawker de Havilland, are gratefully acknowledged. Finally, I wish to
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PREFACE |
congratulate the three co-editors for their commitment to this task over the last few years and their success in completing this valuable text book.
MURRAY L. SCOTT
Chief Executive Officer
Cooperative Research Centre for Advanced Composite Structures Melbourne, Australia