Добавил:
ivanov666
Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз:
Предмет:
Файл:Развитие навыков устной и письменной речи на английском языке. Практикум
.pdf
prime minister, cabinet members, and key judges. The President can override and
in some cases dissolve the national parliament, the bicameral Federal Assembly.
The government consists of three branches: legislative, executive and
judicial. Each of them is checked and balanced by the President. The legislative
power is vested in the Federal Assembly. It consists of the Council of Federation
(upper house) and the State Duma (lower house). The members of the State Duma
are elected by popular vote for a four-year period. The Council of Federation is not
elected. It is formed of the heads of the regions. Each Chamber is headed by the
Chairman. Legislature is initiated in the State Duma. But to become a law a bill
must be approved by the Lower and Upper Houses and signed by the President.
The executive power belongs to the Government. The judicial branch is represented
by the Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court, and regional courts.
Today the state Russian flag is three colored. It has three horizontal stripes:
white, blue and red. The white stripe symbolizes the earth, the blue one stand for the
sky, and the red one signifies liberty. It was the first state symbol to replace the former
symbols in 1991. The hymn of Russia is created by Alexandrov and Mikhalkov. Now
the national coat of arms is a two-headed eagle. It is the most ancient symbol of
Russia.
Ex. 6. Use these prepositions: with, about, of, by, on, over, from, to, in:
1. The Russian Fdederation is the largest country __________ the world.
2. It occupies __________ one seventh __________ the earth’s surface.
3. It covers the eastern part __________ Europe and the northern part
__________ Asia.
4. The country is washed __________ 12 seas and 3 oceans.
5. __________ the south Russia borders __________ China, Mongolia, Korea
and other countries.
6. __________ the west it borders __________ Norway, Finland, the Baltic states,
Belorussia and the Ukraine.
7. Russian Federaion has a sea border __________ the USA.
8. There are __________ two million rivers in Russia.
9. __________ the vast territory __________ the country there are various types
__________ climate, __________ Arctic __________ the north __________ subtropical __________ the south.
51
Ex. 7. Find answers to the following questions in the text.
1. Where is Russia situated?
2. What is Russia washed by?
3. What are Russia’s main regions?
4. What can you tell about each region?
5. What are the most important rivers in Russia?
6. What is the deepest lake in Russia?
7. What can you say about the population of Russia?
8. What types of climate are there on the territory of Russia?
9. Is Russia’s flora rich?
10. What can you say about Russia’s natural resources?
11. Is Russia’s industry well-developed?
12. When was the Russian Federation set up?
13. Who is the head of the Russian Federation?
14. What are the branches of the Russian government?
15. What are Russia’s state symbols?
16. What is the official language of the Russian Federation?
Ex. 8. Compose these sentences:
1. The R.F. is the largest __________ .
2. __________ about one seventh of the earth’s surface.
3. It’s total area is __________ .
4. The country is washed __________ .
5. The current population of Russia __________ .
6. __________ there are various types of climate, from Arctic in the __________,
to __________ in the south.
7. Russia is a rich in __________ .
8. __________ highly industrialized agrarian republic.
9. Three-quarters of the republics mineral wealth are __________ .
10. The Russian Federation __________ by the Constitution of 1993.
11. It __________ the President who is elected for a six-year term.
12. The President __________, and enforces laws, __________ the prime minister.
Ex. 9. Speak about Russia according to the following plan:
1. Russia’s physical features.
52
2. Climate.
3. Population.
4. Flora.
5. Industry.
Ex. 10. Try your hand in interpreting. Write down your tranlation:
1. Западный берег этого полуострова омывается теплыми водами Атлантического океана.
__________________________________________________________________
2. Я не думаю, что спорт занимает у тебя слишком много времени.
__________________________________________________________________
3. Большая река отделяет северную часть города от южной.
_________________________________________________________________
4. Мы наблюдаем стремительное развитие российской тяжелой, легкой и химической промышленностей.
__________________________________________________________________
5. Климат в Великобритании не суровый, а мягкий.
__________________________________________________________________
6. Суровость российской зимы ограничивает площадь пахотных земель.
__________________________________________________________________
7. Китай занимает первое место в мире по численности населения.
__________________________________________________________________
8. Большинство студентов нашего университета – спортсмены.
__________________________________________________________________
9. Россия одна из немногих стран, у которых в недрах есть практически все
минеральные ресурсы. Она богата углем, нефтью, природным газом, железной рудой, медью, цинком, никелем, оловом, свинцом, алюминием и др.
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
10. Если вы посмотрите на карту Россйской Федерации, то в восточном углу
ее вы увидите Камчатский полуостров и Курильские и Сахалинские острова.
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
53
11. Эта река образует естественную границу между двумя странами.
__________________________________________________________________
12. Шотландия – это страна с холмистыми возвышенностями и хвойными лесами.
__________________________________________________________________
13. Гора Народная является самой высокой вершиной для скалолазов в
Уральских горах. Ее высота достигает 1,895 метров.
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
14. Рельеф России разбавлен озерами и болотами, а через бассейны рек
пролегают долины и ущелья.
__________________________________________________________________
15. Наш новый дом в Сочи расположен в паре кварталов от моря.
__________________________________________________________________
16. Этот двор отделен от фабрики высоким забором.
__________________________________________________________________
17. Леса охватывают половину площади Канады.
__________________________________________________________________
18. На западе нашу страну омывает Атлантический Океан.
__________________________________________________________________
19. Обширные территории фермерских земель простираются на сотни километров.
__________________________________________________________________
20. Флорида граничит с Джорджией на севере.
__________________________________________________________________
21. Эти файлы занимают много места на диске.
__________________________________________________________________
22. Киев стал колыбелью русской культуры еще много веков назад.
__________________________________________________________________
23. Восточная часть России окружена горными цепями.
__________________________________________________________________
24. Климат на территории нашей страны варьируется от арктического на севере до субтропического на юге.
__________________________________________________________________
25. Река Иртыш впадает в Обь.
__________________________________________________________________
54
26. Север России расположен в арктической и субарктической зонах с тундрой
и тайгой, а юг – в субтропической зоне со степями и пустынями.
__________________________________________________________________
27. Стемнело, и холмы слились с темным небом позади них.
__________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
28. Реки Западной Сибири Обь и Енисей протекают вдоль самой обширной
низменности в мире.
__________________________________________________________________
29. Эти острова населяют 17 тысяч человек.
__________________________________________________________________
30. Большинство людей проживает в Европейской части России, тогда как
Сибирь и Дальний Восток недостаточно населены, а некоторые части этих
регионов остаются незаселенными.
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
31. Российская Федерация – президентская республика.
__________________________________________________________________
32. Государственная власть состоит из трех ветвей: законодательной, исполнительной и судебной.
__________________________________________________________________
33. Сегодня государственными символами России являются национальный
гимн, трехцветный флаг и герб с двуглавым орлом.
__________________________________________________________________
Ex. 11. Use the prepositions (on, by, to, of, in, under)
1. The R.F. is set up __________ the Constitution in 1993.
2. __________ the Constitution Russia is a Presidential Republic.
3. The Federal Government consists __________ three branches.
4. Each of them is checked and balanced __________ the president
5. The legislative power is vested __________ the Federal Assembly.
6. The President is commander-in-chief __________ the armed forces
Ex. 12. Read and translate Text 2.
55
Text 2. Sport in Russia
Sport has always been popular in Russia. Perhaps more than a half of
Russians have tried some kind of sport in their childhood. So what sports are better
developed in Russia? Russia, as a rule, has good results in classical kinds of sport.
This is in some ways connected with the period of Soviet Union when big attention
was paid to physical education of the youth. But the lessons of Soviet school didn’t
go without any influence. Quite often foreign sportsmen, led by Russian trainers,
appear on world level competitions. You can also see Russian sportsmen fighting
for medals for other countries. There are many jokes about it. For example when
you watch international competitions you hear that the trainers and the sportsmen
easily understand each other because they all speak Russian.
In modern kinds of sport Russians lag behind their contenders a little. We
can refer here curling, springboard jumping etc. Frankly speaking some Russians
still can't see these activities as serious kinds of sport. But the situation has been
changing nowadays. Actually, a healthy way of life is coming into fashion in Russia
again today. That is why people have started to take an interest in sport. Even
those who perceived it only as something that they could watch on TV, now come
to gyms and swimming pools. That is why Russians are beginning to open to new
kinds of sport. It will reflect the results of different level competitions.
Tennis has a large popularity. Some people connect that with the fact that
this sport was a hobby of Russian ex-president Boris Yeltsin. Today Russian tennis
players are famous all over the world. Sharapova, Kurnikova, Kafelnikov, Miskina are
only the best known Russian tennis players. They play wonderfully at Wimbledon and
other competitions.
Ice-hockey is another one successful sport in the country. The Russian team
takes worthy places in competitions. The traditions of Soviet school are kept here
too. Though, unfortunately it isn’t as strong as in the past. In USSR there was a
period when hockey team won 9 world championships in a row. Furthermore, there
are only 2 hockey players which became championship winners 10 times. These are
Russian sportsmen Alexander Rogulin and of course Vladislav Tretyak. Nowadays
there are also good players in Russian hockey. Another sport which is widespread
in the country is football. There are many amateurs of this game in Russia.
And of course the favorite sport of many women is figure skating. This is a
very beautiful show. And here Russia is still the leader. Though it had very worthy
56
rivals in the last years. For example Chinese sportsmen who to my mind have good
perspective. But don’t forget about Russian figure skaters. Today they are favorites
at any competition. Besides, figure skating is quickly getting popularity in the
country. New ice rinks are opened, parents take their children to sport schools.
Actually many kinds of sport are popular in Russia. Both on a professional level and
on an amateur one. Ski sport and volleyball are good examples here.
We should say some words about Russian supporters. Here we can call it a
kind of sport too. The sense of empathy is inherent to Russians. The team spirit
lives in them. Russians prepare for going and supporting their favorite team in
advance. They buy flags which sometimes achieve great sizes. It’ll be possible to
see the colours of Russian flag everywhere: on the scarves, caps and etc. When
you watch the competitions of the international level on TV then you’ll here through
the voice of commentator the tribunes shouting «Rossya! Rossya!». And no matter
where the match takes places in Russia or in 1000 km from it you’ll anyway hear
this. Russians are ready to overcome big distance to see the performance of their
favourite sportsmen.
Physical training has been practiced in Russia for centuries in games,
swimming, skiing, wresting, fisticuffs, riding, and hunting.
During the reforms of Peter the Great physical training was for the first time
included as a part of military training. Soon after it began to appear in the curriculum of civilian grammar schools, and eventually the first books on the subject were
written. At the turn of the eighteenth century the first sports clubs were founded.
Pyotr Franzevich Lesgaft contributed greatly to the development of physical
education in Russia. He developed physical education programs for military
academies and published many books and articles. Due to his efforts the government established civilian physical training courses for men and women instructors
in 1893. He is considered the Father of Russian Physical Education.
Millions of people all over the world go in for sports. People in our country
are sport-lovers, too. Such kinds of sport as: weightlifting, lapta, bandy, weighting,
were invented in Russia.
Many sports are popular in Russia, such as hockey, soccer, track-and-field,
weightlifting, tennis, basketball, volleyball, figure-skating, cross-country skiing,
swimming, shooting and many others. Sporting activities are a part of daily life in
Russia. In all parts of Russia fishing is extremely popular. All water sports are
wide-spread, including swimming, diving, sailing, water skiing, canoeing. In all
57
schools there is a gym and a sports ground. Physical culture is a compulsory
Russian Equivalent
English Equivalent
откровенно говоря
здоровый образ жизни
уделять большое внимание физическому
воспитанию молодежи
популярность
бороться за медали
готовиться заранее
шутка
международные состязания
командный дух
входить в моду
появляться на соревнованиях мирового
уровня
иметь хорошие результаты в классических видах спорта
в наше время
любитель
влияние
соблюдать традиции
проходить
преодолевать большие расстояния
воспринимать
subject of all schools and higher educational establishments.
Russian athletes take part in different international tournaments and are
known all over the world. Our Athletes have been participating in all Olympic
Games since 1952.
Ex. 13. Give English equivalents for (look through the text again):
58
занимать достойные места
набирать популярность
кричать
отставать от предшественников
подряд
красивое зрелище
деятельность
возглавлять
успешный
интересоваться чем-либо
отражаться
выступление
знаменитый
болельщик
к сожалению
открываться чему-либо
широко распространенный
чувство сопереживания
соперник
к тому же
Ex. 14. Use these words and phrases in 2-3 sentences of your own.
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
Ex. 15. Read the statements and say whether they are true or false. You’ll
sound more English if you use these models:
If you agree you say: You are absolutely right; I think so too; I’m of the same opinion; you are right in a way.
59
If you disagree you say: Nothing of the kind; far from it; you are pulling my leg!; you
are kidding!
1. As far as I remember sport in Russia has always been unpopular. __________
2. Russian sportsmen, as a rule, have good results in hockey, skiing, figure skating
and other classical kinds of sport. __________
3. Russia used to pay big attention to physical education of the youth but nowadays
the situation has changed. __________
4. Russian sportsmen have no right to perform abroad. __________
5. Today we can often see both Russian trainers and sportsmen fighting of medals
for other countries. __________
6. Frankly speaking a healthy way of life is coming out of fashion in Russia
nowadays. That is why just few people take an interest in sport. __________
7. It is a well-known fact that in modern kinds of sport Russians are not as successful
as their contenders. __________
8. Tennis is considered to have become so popular in Russia just because of the
fact that it was a hobby of Russian ex-president Boris Yeltsin. __________
9. The Russian hockey team won 9 world championships in a row. __________
10. We may say that the Russians are sport-lovers. They are keen on hockey,
football, skiing, figure skating, volleyball and many others. __________
11. Russian supporters are famous all over the world for their sense of empathy
and team spirit. In spite of this they do not like to overcome bi distances to support
their favorite sportsmen. __________
Ex. 16. Answer the following questions:
1. What kinds of sport were invented in Russia?
2. What can you tell about Peter the Great’s contribution to the development of
Physical culture in Russia?
3. When was physical training included into the curriculum of schools for the first
time?
4. Who is considered the Father of Russian Physical Education and why?
5. What kinds of sport are popular in Russia?
6. Physical culture is a compulsory subject of all schools and higher educational
establishments, isn’t it?
7. When did our athletes participate in the Olympic Games for the first time?
60
Соседние файлы в предмете [НЕСОРТИРОВАННОЕ]