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Файл:Развитие навыков устной и письменной речи на английском языке. Практикум
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Amateur boxing is both an Olympic and Commonwealth Games sport and is
a common fixture in most international games—it also has its own World Championships. Boxing is supervised by a referee over a series of one– to three-minute
intervals called rounds. The result is decided when an opponent is deemed incapable to continue by a referee, is disqualified for breaking a rule, resigns by throwing
in a towel, or is pronounced the winner or loser based on the judges' scorecards at
the end of the contest. In the event that both fighters gain equal scores from the
judges, the fight is considered a draw (professional boxing). In Olympic boxing, due
to the fact that a winner must be declared, in the case of a draw – the judges use
technical criteria to choose the most deserving winner of the bout.
A boxing match typically consists of a determined number of three-minute
rounds, a total of up to 9 to 12 rounds. A minute is typically spent between each
round with the fighters in their assigned corners receiving advice and attention from
their coach and staff. The fight is controlled by a referee who works within the ring
to judge and control the conduct of the fighters, rule on their ability to fight safely,
count knocked-down fighters, and rule on fouls.
A bout in which the predetermined number of rounds passes is decided by
the judges, and is said to «go the distance». The fighter with the higher score at the
end of the fight is ruled the winner. With three judges, unanimous and split
decisions are possible, as are draws. A boxer may win the bout before a decision is
reached through a knock-out ; such bouts are said to have ended «inside the
distance». If a fighter is knocked down during the fight, determined by whether
the boxer touches the canvas floor of the ring with any part of their body other than
the feet as a result of the opponent's punch and not a slip, as determined by
the referee, the referee begins counting until the fighter returns to his or her feet
and can continue.
Should the referee count to ten, then the knocked-down boxer is ruled
«knocked out» (whether unconscious or not) and the other boxer is ruled the winner
by knockout (KO). A «technical knock-out» (TKO) is possible as well, and is ruled
by the referee, fight doctor, or a fighter's corner if a fighter is unable to safely
continue to fight, based upon injuries or being judged unable to effectively defend
themselves. Many jurisdictions and sanctioning agencies also have a
«three-knockdown rule», in which three knockdowns in a given round result in
a TKO. A TKO is considered a knockout in a fighter's record. A «standing eight»
count rule may also be in effect. This gives the referee the right to step in and
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administer a count of eight to a fighter that he or she feels may be in danger, even if
no knockdown has taken place. After counting the referee will observe the fighter,
and decide if he or she is fit to continue. For scoring purposes, a standing eight
count is treated as a knockdown.
In general, boxers are prohibited from hitting below the belt, holding,
tripping, pushing, biting, or spitting. The boxer's shorts are raised so the opponent
is not allowed to hit to the groin area with intent to cause pain or injury. Failure to
abide by the former may result in a foul. They also are prohibited from kicking,
head-butting, or hitting with any part of the arm other than the knuckles of a closed
fist (including hitting with the elbow, shoulder or forearm, as well as with open
gloves, the wrist, the inside, back or side of the hand).
Ex. 3. Answer the following questions:
1. What is boxing?
__________________________________________________________________
2. What are the famous boxers in your country?
__________________________________________________________________
3. Where do boxers usually fight?
_________________________________________________________________
4. Where do boxers train?
__________________________________________________________________
5. How long does the boxing match last?
__________________________________________________________________
6. What is the best age to start boxing?
__________________________________________________________________
7. How does a boxer train?
__________________________________________________________________
8. Who attacks first?
__________________________________________________________________
9. Who is the most famous boxer in your country?
__________________________________________________________________
10. How many battles did he win?
__________________________________________________________________
11. What is the clear victory of the excellent boxer?
__________________________________________________________________
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12. What are the rules of boxing match?
__________________________________________________________________
13. What are the most significant boxing matches?
__________________________________________________________________
14. Why is boxing dangerous?
__________________________________________________________________
15. What are disadvantages and advantages of boxing?
__________________________________________________________________
Ex. 4. Complete the following sentences:
1. When Johnson and White were on the ring, they could __________.
2. Although the boxer used his arms, he wanted first __________.
3. As the referee counted aloud, __________.
4. As the victory was clear, __________.
5. At that time Johnson did not want__________.
6. White had hurt his foot, now he __________.
7. Although there are many new sport clubs the coach wanted __________.
8. Although Johnson saw White on the ring for the first time, he understood that
__________.
Ex. 5. Change the words in italics with synonyms without changing the contents of the sentences:
1. As the opponent got the first punch over the chin, the hall burst into loud
applause.
__________________________________________________________________
2. I can provide this opportunity today.
__________________________________________________________________
3. Calm down they watched the battle of light heavyweight .
__________________________________________________________________
4. Boxing has already become his profession.
__________________________________________________________________
5. In the fiftieth second he forced his opponent to surrender.
__________________________________________________________________
6. No speech can it be, that this struggle agreement is concluded.
__________________________________________________________________
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7. Smith wanted the known trainer and his pupils to pay a visit.
beat
take
tear
cover
damp
hit back
win
stagger
save
hold back
__________________________________________________________________
8. At the last boxing tournament the amateurs were in a good shape .
__________________________________________________________________
Ex. 6. Compose a story according to the following points:
1. My trainer is the best.
2. The battle on the ring.
3. Famous boxers known worldwide.
4. Wellknown boxing clubs.
Ex. 7. Put in the gaps with the verbs given below:
1. If your opponent attacks, you need the same __________.
2. Why __________ you __________?
3. The main thing is to __________.
4. You always __________.
5. The boxer tried to cover his opponent __________.
6. He does not face __________.
7. If you succeed in your punches, you __________.
8. He immediately __________ after this.
9. After this brief strike he __________.
10. As you are well trained you intended to __________.
Ex. 8. Translate into English:
1. На тридцатой секунде второго раунда Билл нокаутировал своего противника.
__________________________________________________________________
2. Уже в первом раунде он два раза был в нокдауне.
__________________________________________________________________
3. Опытный боксер одержал победу по очкам.
__________________________________________________________________
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4. Во время встречи боксеров полутяжелого веса Джек выиграл по очкам y
Питера.
__________________________________________________________________
5. Его противник вынужден был прекратить бой в третьем раунде.
__________________________________________________________________
6. Поединок тяжеловесов продолжался два раунда.
__________________________________________________________________
Ex. 9. Use the following vocabulary in short stories.
1. In the ring, boxing, referee, victory.
2. Crowd, to erupt, applause, fight, light, heavy, weight, division, uppercut, ropes.
3. To follow, opponent, opportunity, to give, almost forty seconds.
4. Amateur, to train, coach, the ring.
5. Boxer, weight class, to conclude, come into question.
6. The day of battle, hotheaded, opponents, fun, to make, let the enemy approach,
walk-back, deposited with the left hook, to count.
7. To be able to fight, left, decisive, dodge, gong, chance.
8. Challenge, hold back, blanket, counter-attack, to soften the blow, cover, close.
9. To grab, to tear, to beat, stagger, to be prepared.
10. Lightweight, referee, low blow, ground, legs, impact, series.
11. Clinch, to meet, knockout, to propose, to stand.
12. Body, blow, points, gong, round, battle.
Ex. 10. Speak on the subject:
1. The 1st event of a boxing tournament.
2. The last national championship in boxing.
3. The most famous battle.
4. Who are well-known boxers in your country?
5. What are the most experienced boxers in your city?
6 The battle plan and its realization.
7. Young boxers of your university.
Ex. 11. Read the dialogue. Roleplay it.
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Dialogue
1. ski jumping
1. беговые коньки
2. a ski jumper
2. большой трамплин
3. springboard
3. выкат, площадка остановки
4. on the springboard
4. высокогорный каток
5. large hill
5. вычерчивать фигуру
6. start-up ground
6. вышка для судей
Patient: I have caught a terrible cold.
Doctor: Have you taken your temperature before your visit to me?
P: Yes, I have taken my temperature before I left home. The temperature was normal.
D: How long do you feel this way?
P: I am off-colour since Wednesday.
D: Do you have a sore throat or a headache?
P: I have both.
D: Did you take anything for your headache yet?
P: Only aspirin.
D: And do you cough a lot?
P: Yes, I do.
D: Get on that couch please. I will examine you. It is not an ordinary cold. I`m sure
you have flu. I give you a prescription which you must take to the pharmacy. If you
follow my recommendations you will feel much better in a few days. If you will not
feel better, you have to call for me.
P: Thank you very much, doctor.
D: Not at all. Good-bye.
P: Good-bye.
Text 9. Winter sports
Ex. 1. Match English and Russian words and word combinations from the
Vocabulary Notes. Learn the Vocabulary Notes by heart.
Vocabulary Notes
166
7. running start
7. двойной прыжок
8. breakaway
8. длина прыжка
9. jumping table
9. дорожка (для скоростного бега на
коньках)
10. to land
10. дорожка для приземления
11. landing
11. искусственый каток
12. landing slope
12. катание по обязательной программе
13. outrun
13. кататься на коньках
14. seasoned jump
14. каток
15. referee’s tower
15. коньки
16. try, jump
16. коньки для фигурного катания
17. length of a jump
17. конькобежец
18. classing for length
18. конькобежный спорт
19. classing for style
19. на трамплине
20. skating
20. одиночное катание
21. skates
21. откатать (исполнить) обязательную
программу («школу»)
22. to skate
22. откатать произвольную программу
23. a skater
23. отрыв
24. racing skates
24. оценка за артистичность
25. roller skates
25. оценка за дальность прыжка
26. skating rink
26. оценка за стиль
27. high skating rink
27. оценка за технику
28. artificial ice rink
28. падение
29. speed skating
29. парное катание
30. track (for speed skating)
30. перебежки
31. figure skating
31. переход
32. a figure skater
32. пируэт, вращение
33. figure skates
33. площадка для разбега
34. figure
34. попытка, прыжок, серия прыжков
35. to trace figure
35. приземление
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36. to figure
36. приземляться
37. corering steps
37. произвольное катание
38. crossing
38. прыгун с трамплина
39. jump
39. прыжки с трамплина
40. double jump
40. прыжок
41. triple jump
41. прыжок с трамплина с правильным
приземлением
42. death spiral
42. разгон, лыжня на спуске
43. marks for technical merit
43. роликовые коньки
44. artistic impression
44. сделать фигуру
45. fall
45. скоростной бег на коньках
46. pirouette
46. стол отрыва
47. ice dancing
47. танец на льду
48. single skating
48. тодес (название фигуры
в парном катании)
49. pair skating
49. трамплин
50. compulsory programme skating
50. тройной прыжок
51. to get through compulsory pro-
gramme
51. фигура
52. free skating
52. фигурист
53. to get through free programme
53. фигурное катание
1. 10. 19. 28. 37. 46. 2. 11. 20. 29. 38. 47.
3. 12. 21. 30. 39. 48. 4. 13. 22. 31. 40. 49. 5. 14. 23. 32. 41. 50. 6. 15. 24. 33. 42. 51.
7. 16. 25. 34. 43. 52. 8. 17. 26. 35. 44. 53. 9. 18. 27. 36. 45.
Table for Ex. 1.
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Ex. 2. Read and translate Text 9.
Text 9. Winter sports
Skiing is one of the major competitive sports and is extremely popular in
many countries. It appeared thousands of years ago in northern Europe and Asia
but organized competitive skiing began only in the 19th century. In 1866 the first ski
races were held near Oslo.
There are three types of skiing: Alpine skiing, Nordic skiing and Freestyle
skiing. Alpine skiing refers to skiing downhill. The term «Alpine» comes from the
name «Alps», the mountain system in Europe. Alpine events became part of the
Winter Olympics in 1936. The three basic maneuvers of Alpine skiing are schussing,
traversing and turning. Alpine skiing consists of slalom, giant slalom, super giant
slalom, parallel slalom and downhill. Nordic skiing includes cross-country skiing,
cross-country relays, the Nordic combined, ski jumping and biathlon. The term
«Nordic» refers to northern Europe, especially Norway, Sweden and Finland where
cross-country skiing was a practical means of travel in winter. Nordic competitions
were the main event of the first Winter Olympic Games held in 1924.
When you hear the word speed skating what do you think of? Do you think
of Dan Jansen in the last winter Olympics speeding across the ice? Perhaps you
think of Chad Hedreck with his ten gold medals from the inline racing world
championship a few years ago? If you thought about either one of these or anything
like it you are exactly right. The are both great speed skaters. Dan skates on
ice, and Chad is an inline racer. From the skates and training to the over all
style and form of skating you will find amazing similarities and differences
between ice and wheels.
The traditional skates as we all remember had four wheels, two wheels on
each side of the foot. In 1991 inlines were introduced to the speed skating world.
Nobody expected the success that the inlines brought. About the same time in the
ice world the new clap skate was being introduced. Ice skates and inlines skates
are very similar. The boots, made of leather are exactly the same. You could use
the same boot for either one. Both skates are extremely light, which helps with
faster speeds. The main difference between the two is found in the lower portion or
the skate. The inlines have five wheels and is about fourteen inches long. The ice
skates have a razor sharp blade, which is about seventeen inches long.
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Training for the two sports is virtually identical, however, there are some
differences. With inlines most of your training time is spent on you skates. You
skate on various surfaces. An outdoor track, road courses, and indoor tracks are
some of these different sufaces. Most of the training sessions are about two hours
and you might have one or two a day. Ice skating has a very different training
schedule. Most of the training time is spent off the skates. You may skate two or so
hours a day but you work out with weights and do exercises for four or more hours
a day. The exercises that are done are the same in each sport.
Ex. 3. Answer the following questions:
1 What is skiing?
__________________________________________________________________
2. What skiing facilities do you have?
__________________________________________________________________
3. What is your ski suit?
__________________________________________________________________
4. Do you wear sun glasses?
__________________________________________________________________
5. How should a skier be equipped?
__________________________________________________________________
6. How do you prepare for cross-country skiing?
__________________________________________________________________
7. In what disciplines do the skiers test their strength?
__________________________________________________________________
8. What weather conditions are the best for long term cross-country skiing?
__________________________________________________________________
Ex. 4. Think of synonyms to the following words and word combinations:
Jumping, to slide, steep, track, to fly off, platform, measurement, distance, enormous, stunt, aerial, mogul, maneuver.
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
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