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Файл:Развитие навыков устной и письменной речи на английском языке. Практикум
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Ex. 7. Translate into English
1. Спорт имеет как положительное, так и отрицательное значение для людей
во всем мире.
2. Большинство людей мирового сообщества ежедневно вовлечены в заня-
тия спортом как активные участники, заинтересованные зрители или как просто наблюдающие за всем, что происходит в спорте.
3. Спорт в 14 веке имел значение приятное времяпрепровождение, развле-
чение и удовольствие.
4. Для некоторых спорт является синонимом/равнозначен занятию спортом и
участию в элитных соревнованиях, в то время как для других, спорт – это физическая активность, которая включает как официальное организованные так
и неформальные соревнования, игры и выполнение физических упражнений.
5. В рамках современной культуры общество различает две катего-
рии/формы спорта по его значению: первая – это когда спорт организуют и
развивают в экономических и политических целях, а вторая – спортом занимаются ради спорта т.е. спорт имеет свою ценность для каждого занимающегося.
6. Значение и ценность спорта появляются в действиях и отражении людей.
7. Мы должны искать значение спорта для отдельных людей, для коллектив-
ного стиля жизни и для общества.
8. Спорт подобно любым другим нормам, убеждениям и ценностям может
быть и уже сформированным обществом.
9. Современный спорт сохраняет те значения и формы, которые соответ-
ствуют современной культуре.
Ex. 8. Fill in the blanks with prepositions (neither…nor, from, into, for, with,
to, during, to)
1. __________ the present century, sport has become a social phenomenon of
great magnitude and complexity.
2. The word «sport» was derived __________ the word «disport».
3. Several meanings of sport are associated __________ three constituent ele-
ments.
4. The meaning of sport falls __________ two categories.
5. The first refers __________ the exploitation of sports __________ economic
and political ends.
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6. Sport is __________ good __________ evil.
1. weight training
1. аппетит
2. accessible sport
2. силовая тренировка
3. an integral part of one’s life
3. бег трусцой
4. appetite
4. быть запрещенным
5. balanced diet
5. быть популярным среди пожилых
людей и молодежи
6. cut down on smth
6. воздерживаться от
7. fattening food
7. вредные привычки
8. food allergy
8. Грипп
9. food intolerance
9. доступный спорт
10. gym
10. жизненно необходимый
11. health and fitness club
11. жирная пища
12. healthy diet
12. заболевания сердца и инсульт
7. People give meanings __________ events like the Olympics Asian Games.
Wimbledon Tennis. World Cup, etc.
Ex. 9. Begin or complete the following sentences
1. Sport has the potential of __________ .
2. __________ is a salient part of our daily lives.
3. Sociologists give different definitions and __________ .
4. __________ are associated with tree constituent elements.
5. Sport is __________ .
6. Sport is neither good nor evil, sport is __________ .
7. We must seek __________ .
8. __________in the social life of nations for a variety of reasons.
9. __________ may be and has been exported to our societies.
Ex. 10. Match English and Russian words and word combinations from the
Vocabulary Notes. Learn the Vocabulary Notes by heart.
Vocabulary Notes
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13. healthy way of life
13. закуска
14. heart disease
14. заниматься аэробикой и йогой
15. heart diseases and stroke
15. заниматься спортом и физкультурой
16. indoor water park
16. защищать тело от чего-либо
17. influenza
17. здоровая диета
18. jogging
18. здоровый образ жизни
19. life expectancy
19. иметь лишний вес, быть полным
20. medical research
20. крытый аквапарк
21. moderate physical activity
21. медицинское обследование
22. nutrition
22. настоятельно советовать
23. nutritious
23. ожирение
24. obesity, obese
24. оздоровительный клуб
25. on a regular basis
25. оздоровительный центр
26. physical fitness
26. отказаться от
27. public leisure centre
27. охранять здоровье
28. sedentary lifestyle
28. переваривать
29. serving
29. питание
30. snack
30. питательный
31. strongly advise
31. пищевая аллергия
32. to abstain from
32. пищевая непереносимость
33. to be banned
33. подвергаться опасности
34. to be endangered by smth
34. поддерживать хорошую
физическую форму
35. to be overweight
35. порция
36. to be popular among the old
and the young
36. разнообразие
37. to digest
37. регулярно
38. to do aerobics or yoga
38. сбалансированная диета
39. to eliminate
39. сердечное заболевание
40. to give up
40. сидячий образ жизни
41. to increase
41. сократить что-л.
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42. to keep fit
42. спортивный зал
43. to participate in sport
and sport activities
43. средняя продолжительность жизни
44. to preserve one’s health
44. стать неотъемлемой частью жизни
45. to protect one’s body from
smth
45. увеличивать
46. unhealthy habits
46. умеренная физическая активность
47. variety
47. устранить
48. vital
48. физическая подготовленность,
хорошая физическая форма
Ex. 11. Read and translate Text 2.
Text 2. Healthy way of life
The problem of a healthy lifestyle in our time is one of the most difficult and
urgent. After all, the main asset of any state, its main wealth is its citizens. In order
for the state to exist normally and develop steadily, it needs a healthy and active
population.
A healthy lifestyle allows everyone to feel happier and more cheerful, full of
vitality, so you need to try to develop healthy habits in yourself.
In order to be healthy, you need to maintain your health. A healthy lifestyle
includes several components. This is proper nutrition, physical activity, personal
hygiene, it excludes smoking, because smoking greatly harms a person's lungs,
and alcohol consumption, because it poisons our body from the inside.
Good sleep and the ability to relax and rest are important for a healthy
lifestyle. One has to try to sleep at least eight hours a day, but there are situations
when you have to do a lot of things and you have to sacrifice sleep time. In such
cases, you have to try to sleep at least six hours. But if you sleep less, your body is
exhausted. But the body can get used to the regime if you wake up and go to bed
every day at the same time, thanks to this you will have time for everything. You
mustn’t forget about a five-minute exercise: it helps to wake up and cheers up,
prepares for today.
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Nervous tension and stress lead to sleep and appetite disorders, as a result
– to various diseases. A person must learn to control his emotions, to arrange rest
for the nervous system. Chatting with friends, visiting theaters, cinemas, exhibitions
also cheers you up. When meeting, parting with loved ones and dear people, we
wish them good and strong health, as this is the key to a full and happy life.
A healthy lifestyle is very important for young people. Keeping health and
vigor is valuable from a young age. Therefore, choosing a healthy lifestyle, a young
man doubles his strength. Everyone should take care of their health as a child, we
need to teach children a healthy lifestyle, and then we will have generations of
healthy and happy adults.
It is useful to do morning exercises in the morning, and during the week to
devote time to training and improving your body. I try to walk outdoors. It is not very
good to sit near the computer for a long time and watch TV for several hours.
Walking in the fresh air is a guarantee of good health. In the warm season, it is
easier to overcome your laziness.
Compliance with the rules of personal hygiene also has a great impact on
human health. After all, many diseases enter the body due to poorly washed hands
or products. These simple rules cannot be ignored. You must wash hands before
every meal and after walking down the street.
Another component of the right way of life is getting rid of addictions. Alcohol
and smoking have not improved anyone's health, just like drugs. On the contrary,
all this greatly reduces life expectancy. Having such bad habits, the body will not
receive the required amount of nutrients, the appetite will decrease, there will be
problems with the immune system, which together adversely affect the well-being
and health of the body. By giving up bad habits, a person has a lot of free time and
the risk of diseases decreases.
A balanced diet enriched with vitamins is the best way out. It is necessary to
observe the food intake. Try to use natural and healthy food in your diet. Try to eat
less fast food and fried foods, and also try not to eat foods with preservatives and
dyes: drinks, chips, etc. Instead, try to replace such food with fresh fruits and
natural products, which are also tasty and healthy for the increase.
Each of us is able to cultivate the ability to enjoy life. And there is always
a reason for joy. Remember! If there is health, there will be everything in your life.
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Ex.12. Answer the following questions:
1. Should grown-ups and children lead a healthy way of life to be healthy?
2. What is a healthy way of life?
3. What should people do and avoid?
4. What bad habits do you know?
5. Why should people avoid different bad habits?
6. How do dangerous habits affect our health?
7. Is it true that what is tasty is not always healthy?
8. Is the fashion for healthy food growing nowadays?
9. Are there a lot of ways to lose weight?
10. What is your opinion about excessive dieting?
11. What is the way to stay healthy?
12. Is it necessary to take care of health?
13. What would you advise your friends and relatives to do to be healthy?
Ex. 13. Translate from Russian into English:
1. Люди во всем мире любят спорт.
2. Спорт делает их здоровыми, держит в хорошей форме, делает более ор-
ганизованными и более дисциплинированными.
3. Многие люди увлекаются ходьбой на лыжах, катанием на коньках, настоль-
ным теннисом, плаванием, волейболом, аэробикой и другими видами спорта.
4. Для занятий спортом имеются все необходимые условия.
5. Практически все виды спорта популярны в нашей стране, но футбол, гим-
настика и теннис наиболее популярны.
6. Что касается меня, я занимаюсь настольным теннисом.
7. Теннис держит человека в хорошей форме.
8. Мне нравится принимать участие в соревнованиях или просто играть с
моими друзьями.
9. Я тренируюсь с большим удовольствием.
Ex. 14. Make up a short story using the following words and phrases
(5–7 sentneces):
to feel unwell (his health began to fail), to be short-sighted, to do a lot of sports, to
be good at, to take up swimming, coach, to train, to take part in competitions, to be
the first (last).
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__________________________________________________________________
1. ancient
1. античный, древний
2. debutant
2. церемония произнесения клятвы
3. to make a debut
3. ценность
4. unanimous support
4. хозяин
5. to have great possibilities
5. хартия
6. throwing
6. суметь сделать что-то
7. to award
7. способность, умение, ловкость
8. to ban
8. составлять проект
9. irrespective of
9. созывать, собирать
10. unofficial team standing
10. символизировать
11. interlaced rings
11. символ, эмблема
12. to hoist the flag
12. принимать участие
13. facilitate
13. появляться
14. effort
14. посредством (чего-л.)
15. by means of
15. попытка
16. to appear
16. помогать, облегчать, способство-
вать
17. to participate
17. поднимать флаг
18. symbol
18. переплетенные кольца
19. to symbolize
19. неофициальный командный зачет
20. to convene
20. независимо от
21. to draft
21. налагать запрет, запрещать
22. ability
22. награждать
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
Ex. 15. Match English and Russian words and word combinations from the
Vocabulary Notes. Learn the Vocabulary Notes by heart.
Vocabulary Notes
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23. to succeed in smth / in doing smth
23. метание, бросание
24. charter
24. иметь большие возможности
25. host
25. единодушная поддержка
26. value
26. дебютировать
27. oath-taking ceremony
27. дебютант
1. 5. 9. 13. 17. 21. 25. 2. 6. 10. 14. 18. 22. 26. 3. 7. 11. 15. 19. 23. 27. 4. 8. 12. 16. 20. 24.
Table for Ex. 15.
Ex. 16. Read and translate Text 3.
Text 3. The history of the Olympic Games
The original Olympic Games began in ancient Greece in 776 B.C. These
games were part of a festival held every fourth year in honour of God Zeus at the
place called Olympia. It was a great athletic festival, including competitions in
wrestling, running, long jumps, throwing of discus and javelin. In the course of time
boxing and chariot races were also included in the Games.
The Olympic Games were accompanied by art festivals. Poets recited their
poems, singers sang hymns, dances danced and orators pronounced speeches –
all this in honour of the sacred Games.
All athletes took an oath that they had been preparing well for the Games
and promised to compete honestly and keep the rules of the sacred Olympics. The
athletes took part in all kinds of competitions. To be a winner in the ancient Olympic
Games was a great honour. Winners were traditionally awarded olive wreaths and
cups of olive oil.
Only men could take part in the Olympic Games. Women were not allowed
even to watch the competitions at the stadium under the fear of death penalty.
The Olympic Games had been held for about eleven hundred years, until the
Roman emperor Theodosius banned them for religious reasons in 394 A.D.
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The revival of the Olympic Games began long time afterwards, in 1892,
when a young French teacher Pierre de Coubertin made a public speech before the
Union of French sports clubs in Paris. At that time many people in many countries
practised various kinds of sports and games. They wanted to make friends and
compete with sportsmen from other lands. Pierre de Coubertin understood the
importance of sports which unified people of the world and served the cause of
peace like in ancient time.
On the 23rd of June 1894 the International Congress of amateur sportsmen
made an important decision: to revive the Olympic Games and to establish the International Olympic Committee which would be responsible for the administration of
the modern Olympic Games.
The first Games of the modern cycle were held in 1896 in Athens. 311
athletes from 13 countries competed in 9 sports. The Olympic stadium where athletes had competed in antiquity was specially reconstructed for the Games.
At the fourth Olympics, in 1908, in London, there were more than two
thousand competitors, from twenty-one different countries. Since then, the number
of athletes competing has increased each time.
At the second Olympic Games, in 1900, in Paris, women participated in the
Olympic games for the first time. They competed in tennis and golf. At the ninth
Olympic Games, in 1928, in Amsterdam, women first competed in gymnastics and
track-and-field athletics.
The ancient Greeks had no winter sports. Only in 1924 the first Winter
Olympic Games were held in France. Now they are being held regularly.
The Olympics are held every fourth year in different countries. The
International Olympic Committee decides where each Olympics will take place.
They ask a city (not a country) to be host – one city for the Winter Olympics and
one for the Summer Olympic Games.
In 1920 (in Antwerp) the Olympic flag with five interlaced rings of blue,
yellow, black, green and red colours on a white background – symbol of the unity of
the five continents – was hoisted for the first time, and the first Olympic Oath-taking
ceremony was also introduced. The motto adopted by the International Olympic
Committee – «Citius, Altius, Fortius» (Faster, Higher, Stronger) – made its
Уappearance at the Antwerp Games too.
Russian athletes made their debut at the Games of the IV Olympiad in
London in 1908. The Russian team consisted of five athletes. The very first Russian
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Olympic champion was Nikolai Kolomenkin. He won the gold medal in a typically
winter type of sport, which was included in the programme of the Summer Games,
figure skating.
Soviet athletes appeared for the first time in the Olympic arena at the
XV Olympic Games in Helsinki in 1952. The debutants amazed the world with their
athletic ability. Competing with the best athletes from 69 countries, the Soviet
contestants won 22 gold, 30 silver and 19 bronze medals, scoring in the unofficial
team standing as many medals as the USA team which had dominated at all the
preceding Olympics.
Ex. 17. Answer the following questions:
1. When and where did the original Olympic Games begin?
2. How often were the ancient Olympic Games held?
3. What kind of contests did they include?
4. Did women participate in the games?
5. How were the winners of the ancient Olympic Games awarded?
6. What were the Olympic Games accompanied by?
7. When and why were the ancient Olympic Games banned?
8. When did the revival of the Olympic Games begin?
9. When and where were the first Olympic Games of the modern cycle held?
10. When and where were the first Winter Games held?
11. How often are the modern Olympic Games held?
12. Who decides where each Olympics will be held?
13. What ceremonies were introduced in 1920 in Antwerp?
14. What is the motto of the Olympics?
15. When did women take part in the Olympic Games for the first time?
16. Who was the very first Russian Olympic champion?
17. When did the Soviet athletes appear in the Olympic arena for the first time?
Ex. 18. Find the equivalents for the following word combinations in the text:
1) грандиозный спортивный праздник; 2) их награждали венками из оливкового дерева и кубками с оливковым маслом; 3) фестивали искусств; 4) под страхом смерти; 5) по религиозным причинам; 6) возрождение Олимпийских игр;
7) спустя долгое время; 8) спортсмены, представляющие 13 стран; 9) олимпийский флаг с пятью переплетенными кольцами; 10) символ единства пяти
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