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Файл:Развитие навыков устной и письменной речи на английском языке. Практикум
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45. stability
45. оценивать упражнение
46. balance
46. параллельные брусья
47. start
47. перекладина, турник
48. finish
48. поворот (влево, вправо)
49. somersault
49. положение «ноги врозь»
50. double somersault
50. приседание, сгибание колена
51. rotation
51. произвольная программа
52. flank dismount
52. произвольное упражнение
53. swings
53. прыжок (или соскок) боком
54. swing
54. равновесие
55. crucifix on the rings, iron cross
55. разновысокие брусья
56. to keep iron cross
56. ручной снаряд
57. handstand
57. сальто
58. physical jerks
58. сгибание рук
59. daily dozen
59. сгибание туловища (вперед,
назад, в сторону)
60. basic position (legs closed)
60. скакалка
61. position (legs apart)
61. состязание (соревнование) по
произвольной программе
62. bending
62. степень трудности
63. squatting, knee-bend
63. стойка на руках
64. arms folding
64. табло, щит
65. body-snap (forward, backward, sideways)
65. упражнения на (гимнастических)
снарядах
66. twisting of the body
66. устойчивость
67. lunge
67. утренняя гимнастика
68. swing (left, right)
68. художественная гимнастика
69. leg swing
69. шведская стенка
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Table for Ex. 1.
1. 10. 19. 28. 37. 46. 55. 64. 2. 11. 20. 29. 38. 47. 56. 65. 3. 12. 21. 30. 39. 48. 57. 66. 4. 13. 22. 31. 40. 49. 58. 67. 5. 14. 23. 32. 41. 50. 59. 68. 6. 15. 24. 33. 42. 51. 60. 69. 7. 16. 25. 34. 43. 52. 61.
8. 17. 26. 35. 44. 53. 62.
9. 18. 27. 36. 45. 54. 63.
Ex. 2. Read and translate Text 4.
Text 4. Gymnastics
The origin of gymnastics can be traced back to the ancient civilisations of
China, Persia, India and Greece. Gymnastics has been a part of the Olympic
Games since the modern Olympics began in 1896 and remains one of the most
popular sports in the world. This is one of the best means of physical training
helping to develop balance, endurance, flexibility, and strength. It is one of the most
graceful and an artistic sport which develops human body harmoniously. It is also
used as a means of rehabilitation for handicapped.
Gymnastics can be divided into artistic gymnastics, rhythmic gymnastics and
acrobatics. Artistic gymnastics is gymnastics without apparatuses and gymnastics
on apparatuses. It has special programmes for men and women. Rhythmic
gymnastics is a separate type of gymnastics competition. It is a combination of
gymnastics and ballet where gymnasts perform a dance routine while executing
manoeuvres and stunts with a piece of hand-held equipment: a ball, clubs, hoop,
ribbon, or rope. Acrobatics is gymnastics involving difficult feats of balance, agility
and coordination. Men’s and women’s gymnastics teams have separate competi-
tions. A men’s gymnastics competition consists of six events that are held in a set
order. These events are the floor exercise, pommel horse, rings, vault, parallel bars
and high bar. The floor exercise is performed on a mat. The gymnast performs a
132
continuous series of movements that include handsprings, leaps, somersaults in the
air, and tumbling. The pommel horse is named after the padded piece of equipment
on which this event is performed. The gymnast uses the pommels to support his
weight entirely with his hands. He swings his legs in circles around the sides and
top of the horse without stopping. The rings are performed on two wooden rings
suspended from special cables. The gymnast leaps up and grasps the rings and then
tries to keep them motionless while performing various movements. These include
handstands and complete circular swings. The vault is performed on a special
stand. In this event, the gymnast approaches this stand at a run and vaults across
from a low springboard. He may twist around in the air, do a somersault, or perform
any one of several movements.
Competitors must land into specially marked area and must not stagger on
landing. The gymnast vaults twice and his final score comes from an average of his
two vaults. In the parallel bars the gymnast performs on two long wooden bars. He
supports himself on the bars with his hands while performing handstands, swings,
twists, and other acrobatic movements. The high bar event takes place on a somewhat
flexible steel bar fastened about 250 centimetres above the floor between two supports. The gymnast holds the bar with one or both handsand swings around it
repeatedly. He performs several acrobatic movements without coming to a full stop.
A women’s gymnastics competition has four events. In order of performance, they
are vault, uneven parallel bars, balance beam, and floor exercise.
The vault is performed on the same equipment used in men’s vaulting. The
event differs by the difficulty of the elements to perform. Moreover women
gymnasts don’t have to land into the marked area as men gymnasts do. In the uneven
parallel bars gymnasts compete on two parallel wooden bars, one about 230
centimetres above the floor and the other about 150 centimetres high. The athlete
swings around one bar at a time, performing manoeuvres that require great flexibility
and agility. The balance beam involves a long wooden beam about 10 centimetres
wide. A competitor performs jumps, leaps, running steps and turns on it and tries to
use the beam’s full length. Women gymnasts perform floor exercise with a musical
accompaniment. Each contestant designs her routine to match the tempo and
mood of the music she has selected and tries to demonstrate her skill in acrobatics,
dancing, and tumbling. All-round competition consists of all events where a competitor
must perform a compulsory routine in each event. The governing body of gymnastics is
the International Gymnastics Federation (IGF). Our gymnasts are traditionally
133
successful at the Olympic Games. We are proud of our heroes who are the guiding
stars to our young generation making gymnastics popular all over the world.
Ex. 3. Answer the following questions:
1. Do you like gymnastics?
__________________________________________________________________
2. What is calisthenics?
__________________________________________________________________
3. What is gymnastics?
__________________________________________________________________
4. What gymnastic equipment do you know?
__________________________________________________________________
5. What device is the most difficult?
__________________________________________________________________
6. What types of competitions in gymnastics are known?
__________________________________________________________________
7. What exercise does the competition start with?
__________________________________________________________________
8. What equipment do male gymnasts use?
__________________________________________________________________
9. What devices do female gymnasts use?
__________________________________________________________________
10. What mark is the highest?
__________________________________________________________________
Ex. 4. Tell the text according to the following points:
1. Success of Russian gymnasts on sport arena.
2. Famous Russian gymnasts.
3. Gymnastic career.
4. Young Russian gymnasts.
Ex. 5. Roleplay a dialogue between gymnasts.
134
Dialogue 1
Simon: I’ve been living in this country for more than seven years, but I don’t yet
understand why there is so much talk about nutrition as a growing sciense.
Tom (his American friend): Americans want to be healthy. But most of us have no
understanding of nutrition problems.
S: Whenever I see my family doctor, he advises me to stick to a low cholesterol diet.
T: And do you follow his advice?
S: It’s hard to stick to a dietwith my busy schedule.
T: For your health, it is veryimportant to get a balanced diet.
S: What is a balanced diet?
T: Adults can get a balanced diet by including foods from the four main food groups.
These are: the milk group (milk, cheese, yogurt, and other dairy foods); the meet
group (meat, poultry, fish, eggs, and meat alternates such as beans, lentils, and
nuts); the bread group (bread, cereals, noodles etc.); and the vegetable and fruit
group).
S: Can people who don’t eat meator fish stay healthy?
T: Absolutely. By eating enough dairy foods and meat alternates, people can get
essential proteins.
S: What about the nutritional value of canned vegetables that we buy at the supermarket?
T: The nutritional difference depends more on how vegetables are prepared than on
whether they are bought fresh or canned.
S: I wonder how knowledgeable you are. You could become a professional dietitian.
T: It’s just my hobby to read about food and health.
S: I was told to avoid such foods as bread or potatoes. What’s your view?
T: By avoiding bread and potatoes you cut out several B vitamins, vitamin C and
other nutrients.
S: Are extra vitamin dosages useful?
T: You shouldn’t take more vitamins than the body needs.
S: Thank you for your valuable information.
Dialogue 2
Secretary: Good morning. Can I help you?
Vladimir Rozov: Good morning. My name is Rozov. I have an 11 o’clock appointment.
S: Please, take a seat. The doctor will see you soon.
135
V.R.: Thank you.
Doctor: Hello, Mr.Rozov. Come in, please. Sorry to have kept you waiting.
V.R.: That’s all right. Did you get all the test results?
D: Yes, I got them last night. As to the tests, everything is okay. Your cardiogram is
normal too.
V.R.: But what about the X-ray? Is anything wrong?
D: The X-ray shows emphysema. That’s evidently the result of your heavy smoking.
Your breath shortness and your cough are probably caused by the emphysema.
V.R.: Is that serious?
D: It could become extremely serious. If you are worried about your health cut out
your smoking.
V.R.: Certainly, I’ll try to stop smoking.What else could you advise me to do for improving my health?
D: You should do daily exercises. Eat small meals four or five times a day.
V.R.: Do I have to go to the hospital?
D: No.I’ll give you a prescription. Take the pills three times a day. I want you to see
me again in three weeks. Stay well.
V.R.: Thank you, doctor.
Doctor: What‘s troubling you?
Patient: I’ve caught a cold. I have a sore throat and a bad cough.
D: Put this thermometer under your tongue. I want to see if you have a fever. Let
me see… Yes, you have a temperature. When did you first feel ill?
P: A couple of days ago.
D: Let me examine you. Take a deep breath. Now I want to test your blood pressure (testing blood pressure). Your blood pressure is slightly above normal, but
nothing to worry about. Any other trouble?
P: Doctor, I haven’t been sleeping well.
D: I’ll give you some sleeping pills. Take the tablets as prescribed – you take only
one at bedtime. You must stay in bed for several days until your temperature has
gone down. Here’s a prescription for your flu. Come in again to see me in ten days.
P: Okay. Thank you, doctor.
Ex. 6. Tell about gymnastics in your city, using topic vocabulary.
Ex 7. Find Russian equivalents to English words.
136
А.
В.
1. where
1. там
2. through
2. когда
3. along with
3. те
4. without
4. везде
5. these
5. которые
6. there
6. где
7. when
7. вместе с
8. those
8. сквозь
9. everywhere
9. без
10. which
10. эти
11. or
11. и
12. and
12. или
1.
4. 7. 10. 2.
5. 8. 11. 3.
6. 9. 12.
Table for Ex. 7.
Ex. 8. Use the following vocabulary and make up sentences.
1. Calisthenics, training suit, to train, rotate, dumbbell.
__________________________________________________________________
2. Gym, device, to perform, exercise, trainer, to train.
__________________________________________________________________
3. Winter stadium, team, master, compulsory program.
__________________________________________________________________
4. Individual rating, grade, stretching, struggle, vote, to take the lead.
__________________________________________________________________
5. Rings, to finish, air role, to cross, slope.
__________________________________________________________________
6. Combination, difficulty, the highest score, to receive, training.
__________________________________________________________________
137
7. Pommel horse, to swing, slip.
__________________________________________________________________
8. Bar, to miss, plunge, view.
__________________________________________________________________
9. Active, to take leadership, advantage, to fight, the second place.
__________________________________________________________________
10. The Olympic Games, jump, podium, medal.
__________________________________________________________________
11. Performance, to admire, spectators, skipping rope, musical illustration.
__________________________________________________________________
Ex. 9. Talk on the subject:
1. My gym.
2. My morning exercises.
3. My break.
Ex. 10. Translate into Russian:
1. В прошлом году в нашем городе состоялись соревнования на первенсотво
страны по гимнастике.
__________________________________________________________________
2. Гимнасты нашей страны являются лучшими в мире.
__________________________________________________________________
3. В общем зачете команда гимнастов физкультурного университета получила
наибольшее количество очков.
__________________________________________________________________
4. Много аплодисментов выпало на долю гимнаста, который закончил упражнение на перекладине двойным сальто.
__________________________________________________________________
5. В упражнении на бревне юная спортсменка получила наивысшую оценку и
стала чемпионкой страны на этом снаряде.
__________________________________________________________________
6. Женщины соревнуются на разновысоких брусьях, а мужчины – на параллельных брусьях.
__________________________________________________________________
138
7. При опорном прыжке женщины прыгают через «козла», а мужчины черех
1. a swimmer
1. бассейн (весь комплекс)
2. an aquatic sports centre
2. бассейн (резервуар)
3. a swimming pool
3. баттерфляй
4. a pool
4. брасс
5. an outdoor swimming pool
5. водная станция
6. a lane
6. вольный стиль
7. a lane of 50-m-long
7. выполнить прыжок
8. a starting block
8. вышка для прыжков
9. a turn
9. дистанция на 100 м брассом, баттер-
фляем, кролем, вольным стилем
10. to turn
10. дорожка (в бассейне)
11. a style
11. дорожка длиной в 50 м
12. breaststroke
12. кроль
13. butterfly stroke
13. ласточка
14. backstroke
14. нырять
«коня».
__________________________________________________________________
8. Этот гимнаст российской команды выиграл в личном зачете, он набрал
42.5 очка.
__________________________________________________________________
9. Гимнасты состязались лишь по произвольной программе.
__________________________________________________________________
10. Команда начала выступление с вольных упражнений.
__________________________________________________________________
Text 5. Swimming
Ex. 1. Match English and Russian words and word combinations from the
Vocabulary Notes. Learn the Vocabulary Notes by heart.
Vocabulary Notes
139
15. freestyle swimming
15. обязательный прыжок
16. sidestroke
16. открытый бассейн
17. crawl (stroke)
17. плавание на боку
18. to swim the crawl
18. плавание на спине
19. 100-meter breaststroke, butterfly, crawl, freestyle
19. плавать кролем
20. record for 100-m-breaststroke,
butterfly
20. пловец
21. swimming meet
21. поворот
22. to dive
22. произвольный прыжок
23. diving
23. прыжки в воду
24. diving from a 3-meter springboard
24. прыжки в воду (с высоты до 10 м с
вышки)
25. diving from a 10-meter diving
board
25. прыжки в воду (с высоты до 3 м с
трамплина)
26. diving board
26. прыжок головой вниз
27. diving competition
27. прыжок ногами вниз
28. compulsory dive
28. рекорд на 100 м брассом, баттерфляем
29. free dive
29. сальто
30. feet first dive
30. сделать поврот
31. headfirst dive
31. соревнование по плаванию
32. somersault
32. соревнование по прыжкам в воду
33. swallow-dive
33. стартовая тумбочка
34. to execute a dive
34. стиль
1. 6. 11. 16. 21. 26. 31.
2. 7. 12. 17. 22. 27. 32.
3. 8. 13. 18. 23. 28. 33.
4. 9. 14. 19. 24. 29. 34. 5. 10. 15. 20. 25. 30.
Table for Ex. 1.
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